Mukhtasar al-Ma'ani by al-Taftazani, Vol. 2 (مختصر المعاني) — Page 236

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

الْفَنُّ الثَّالِثُ وَهِيَ وُجُوهُ تَحْسِينِ الْكَلَامِ الطَّبِيعَةُ وَالْخُلُقُ فَاعْلَمْ شَرُّهَا الْبِدَعُ جَمْعُ بِدْعَةٍ أَيِ الْمُبْدَعَاتُ وَالْمُحْدَثَاتُ قِسْمٌ فِي الْأَوَّلِ جُمْلَةٌ اعْتِرَاضِيَّةٌ مِنَ الْأَخْلَاقِ صِفَةُ الْمَمْدُوحِينَ إِلَى ضُرِّ الْأَعْدَاءِ وَنَفْعِ الْأَوْلِيَاءِ، ثُمَّ جَمْعُهَا فِي الثَّانِي تَحْتَ كَوْنِهَا سَجِيَّةً.

The third art, which concerns the modes of beautifying speech, is nature and character; so know that the worst of them is 'al-bida'' (innovations), the plural of 'bid'ah', meaning things invented and newly introduced, a category in the first [part] which is a parenthetical clause regarding character, [being] the attribute of the praiseworthy [leading] to the harm of enemies and the benefit of allies, then grouping them in the second [part] under the condition of their being an innate disposition.

الْجَمْعُ مَعَ التَّفْرِيقِ وَالتَّقْسِيمِ الْأَتْبَاعُ وَالْأَنْصَارُ فِي الْبَيْتِ الثَّانِي الْبَيْتُ الْأَوَّلُ وَمِنْهُ أَيْ مِنَ الْمَعْنَوِيِّ الْجَمْعُ مَعَ التَّفْرِيقِ وَالتَّقْسِيمِ وَتَفْسِيرُهُ ظَاهِرٌ مِمَّا سَبَقَ فَلَمْ يَتَعَرَّضْ لَهُ، كَقَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى: ﴿يَوْمَ يَأْتِي أَيْ يَأْتِي اللَّهُ تَعَالَى أَيْ أَمْرُهُ أَوْ يَأْتِي الْيَوْمُ أَيْ هَوْلُهُ، وَالظَّرْفُ مَنْصُوبٌ بِإِضْمَارِ "اذْكُرْ" أَوْ بِقَوْلِهِ: وَلَا تَكَلَّمُ نَفْسٌ (هُود: ١٠٥) بِمَا يَنْفَعُ مِنْ جَوَابٍ أَوْ أَيْ لَا تَتَكَلَّمُ شَفَاعَةٍ وَإِلَّا بِإِذْنِهِ فَمِنْهُمْ (هُود: ١٠٥) أَيْ أَهْلُ الْمَوْقِفِ وَشَقِيٌّ يُقْضَى لَهُ بِالنَّارِ كَافِرًا كَانَ أَوْ عَاصِيًا وَسَعِيدٌ يُقْضَى لَهُ بِالْجَنَّةِ ﴿فَأَمَّا الَّذِينَ شَقُوا فَفِي النَّارِ لَهُمْ فِيهَا زَفِيرٌ (هُود: ١٠٦) إِخْرَاجُ النَّفْسِ ﴿وَشَهِيقٌ رَدُّهُ خَالِدِينَ فِيهَا مَا دَامَتِ السَّمَاوَاتُ وَالْأَرْضُ (هُود: ١٠٧) أَيْ سَمَاوَاتُ الْآخِرَةِ وَأَرْضُهَا، أَوْ هَذِهِ الْعِبَارَةُ كِنَايَةٌ عَنِ التَّأْبِيدِ وَنَفْيِ الِانْقِطَاعِ إِلَّا مَا شَاءَ رَبُّكَ وَهِيَ دَائِمَةٌ لَا انْقِضَاءَ لَهَا.

Grouping with differentiation and division [is found in] the followers and the supporters in the second verse [and] the first verse, and from it—that is, from the semantic [figures]—is grouping with differentiation and division, and its explanation is evident from what preceded, so he did not address it, like His saying, the Exalted: 'The day it comes'—meaning Allah the Exalted comes, meaning His command, or the day comes, meaning its terror—and the adverbial of time is in the accusative case by the implied 'remember', or by His saying: 'No soul shall speak' (Hud: 105) with anything that benefits by way of an answer, or meaning it shall not speak in intercession except by His permission, 'then among them' (Hud: 105)—meaning the people of the gathering—'is a wretched one' for whom the Fire is decreed, whether he be a disbeliever or a sinner, 'and a happy one' for whom Paradise is decreed: 'As for those who were wretched, they shall be in the Fire; for them therein is sighing' (Hud: 106)—the exhaling of breath—'and wailing'—the inhaling of it—'abiding therein as long as the heavens and the earth endure' (Hud: 107)—meaning the heavens of the Hereafter and its earth—or this expression is a metonymy for eternity and the negation of cessation, 'except as your Lord wills,' and it is everlasting, having no end.

الْبِدَعُ: لَا يُقَالُ: كَوْنُ الصِّفَةِ فِي الشَّيْءِ بِدْعَةٌ يُنَافِي كَوْنَهَا خَلِيقَةً لِلُزُومِ الْخَلِيقَةِ؛ لِأَنَّا نَقُولُ: قَدْ تُسَمَّى خَلِيقَةً بِاعْتِبَارِ دَوَامِهَا بَعْدَ حُدُوثِهَا فَتَكُونُ خَلِيقَةً دَوَامًا وَبِدْعَةً ابْتِدَاءً.

Innovations: It should not be said that the fact that a quality in a thing is an innovation contradicts its being an innate disposition due to the necessity of the innate disposition; for we say: it may be called an innate disposition in consideration of its persistence after its occurrence, so it is an innate disposition in terms of persistence and an innovation in terms of inception.

…6 more translated lines, 22 more verbs and 110 more nouns on this page — subscribe to study every page.

Vocabulary · المفردات (25 verbs · 113 nouns)

• عَلِمَ — to know
• سَبَقَ — to precede
• تَعَرَّضَ — to address
• فَنٌّ — art
• وَجْهٌ — aspect
• تَحْسِينٌ — improvement