Mukhtasar al-Ma'ani by al-Taftazani, Vol. 1 (مختصر المعاني) — Page 546

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

الْإِيجَازُ وَالْإِطْنَابُ وَالْمُسَاوَاةُ أَنَّهُ يَكُونُ فِي خَتْمِ الْكَلَامِ، وَغَيْرِهِ وَأَخَصُّ مِنْ جِهَةٍ أَنَّ الْإِيغَالَ قَدْ يَكُونُ بِغَيْرِ الْجُمْلَةِ وَبِغَيْرِ التَّأْكِيدِ، وَهُوَ أَيِ التَّذْيِيلُ ضَرْبَانِ ضَرْبٌ لَمْ يَخْرُجْ مَخْرَجَ الْمَثَلِ بِأَنْ لَمْ يَسْتَقِلَّ بِإِفَادَةِ الْمُرَادِ، بَلْ يَتَوَقَّفُ عَلَى مَا قَبْلَهُ نَحْوَ: ﴿ذَلِكَ جَزَيْنَاهُمْ بِمَا كَفَرُوا وَهَلْ نُجَازِي إِلَّا الْكَفُورَ﴾ عَلَى وَجْهٍ أَنْ يُرَادَ وَهَلْ نُجَازِي ذَلِكَ الْجَزَاءَ الْمَخْصُوصَ إِلَّا الْكَفُورَ، فَيَتَعَلَّقُ بِمَا قَبْلَهُ وَأَمَّا عَلَى وَجْهٍ آخَرَ وَهُوَ أَنْ يُرَادَ وَهَلْ نُعَاقِبُ إِلَّا الْكَفُورَ؛ بِنَاءً عَلَى أَنَّ مُطْلَقَ الْعِقَابِ هُوَ قَوْلُهُ: فَأَرْسَلْنَا عَلَيْهِمْ إِلَخْ، فَهُوَ مِنَ الضَّرْبِ الثَّانِي، وَضَرْبٌ أُخْرِجَ مَخْرَجَ الْمَثَلِ بِأَنْ يُقْصَدَ بِالْجُمْلَةِ الثَّانِيَةِ حُكْمٌ كُلِّيٌّ مُنْفَصِلٌ عَمَّا قَبْلَهُ، جَارٍ مَجْرَى الْأَوَّلِ فِي الِاسْتِقْلَالِ.

Conciseness, prolixity, and equivalence [are such that] it occurs at the end of speech and elsewhere, and it is more specific in that 'ighal' (hyperbole/intensification) may occur without a sentence and without emphasis; and it—that is, 'tadhyil' (appending)—is of two types: a type that does not take the form of a proverb, in that it is not independent in conveying the intended meaning, but rather depends on what precedes it, such as: 'That We requited them for what they disbelieved, and do We requite any but the ungrateful?' in one interpretation, meaning: 'And do We requite that specific requital to any but the ungrateful?', so it relates to what precedes it; and as for another interpretation, which is that it means: 'And do We punish any but the ungrateful?', based on the fact that absolute punishment is [what is meant by] His saying: 'So We sent upon them, etc.', then it is of the second type; and a type that takes the form of a proverb, in that the second sentence is intended to be a universal judgment separate from what precedes it, following the course of the first in independence.

وَيَنْفَرِدُ الْإِيغَالُ فِيمَا يَكُونُ بِغَيْرِ جُمْلَةٍ، وَفِيمَا هُوَ لِغَيْرِ التَّأْكِيدِ سَوَاءٌ كَانَ بِجُمْلَةٍ أَوْ بِمُفْرَدٍ كَمَا تَقَدَّمَ فِي قَوْلِهِ: "الْجَزَعُ الَّذِي لَمْ يُثْقَبْ"،

'Ighal' is unique in that it occurs without a sentence, and in that it is for other than emphasis, whether it is a sentence or a single word, as previously mentioned in his saying: 'The anxiety that has not been pierced'.

وَيَنْفَرِدُ التَّذْيِيلُ فِيمَا يَكُونُ فِي غَيْرِ خَتْمِ الْكَلَامِ لِلتَّأْكِيدِ بِجُمْلَةٍ، كَقَوْلِكَ مَدَحْتُ زَيْدًا فَأَثْنَيْتُ عَلَيْهِ بِمَا فِيهِ، فَأَحْسَنَ إِلَيَّ وَمَدَحْتُ عَمْرًا فَأَثْنَيْتُ عَلَيْهِ بِمَا لَيْسَ فِيهِ، فَأَسَاءَ إِلَيَّ.

'Tadhyil' is unique in that it occurs not at the end of speech for the purpose of emphasis with a sentence, such as your saying: 'I praised Zayd and commended him for what is in him, so he treated me well, and I praised 'Amr and commended him for what is not in him, so he treated me badly'.

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Vocabulary · المفردات (28 verbs · 55 nouns)

• كَانَ — to be
• خَرَجَ — to exit
• اِسْتَقَلَّ — to be independent
• إِيجَاز — conciseness
• إِطْنَاب — prolixity
• مُسَاوَاة — equality