Madinah Arabic Book 3 — Page 17

Arabic text · النص

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

أَفْهَمُ هَذَا الدَّرْسَ.

I understand this lesson.

أُرِيدُ أَنْ أَفْهَمَ هَذَا الدَّرْسَ.

I want to understand this lesson.

لَمْ أَفْهَمْ هَذَا الدَّرْسَ.

I did not understand this lesson.

عَلَامَاتُ الْإِعْرَابِ الْأَصْلِيَّةُ وَالْفَرْعِيَّةُ: مَرْفُوعٌ، مَنْصُوبٌ، مَجْزُومٌ.

The original and secondary signs of inflection: nominative, accusative, jussive.

عَلَامَاتُ الْإِعْرَابِ فِي الْمُضَارِعِ ثَلَاثٌ، وَهِيَ: الضَّمَّةُ، وَهِيَ عَلَامَةُ الرَّفْعِ. الْفَتْحَةُ، وَهِيَ عَلَامَةُ النَّصْبِ. السُّكُونُ، وَهِيَ عَلَامَةُ الْجَزْمِ.

The signs of inflection in the present tense are three, and they are: the damma, and it is the sign of the nominative; the fatha, and it is the sign of the accusative; the sukoon, and it is the sign of the jussive.

وَهُنَاكَ عَلَامَاتٌ أُخْرَى فَرْعِيَّةٌ، وَهِيَ فِي الْأَنْوَاعِ الْآتِيَةِ مِنَ الْفِعْلِ:

And there are other secondary signs, and they are in the following types of verbs:

١ - الْأَفْعَالُ الْخَمْسَةُ: عَلَامَةُ الرَّفْعِ فِيهَا ثُبُوتُ النُّونِ، وَعَلَامَةُ النَّصْبِ وَالْجَزْمِ حَذْفُ النُّونِ.

1 - The five verbs: the sign of the nominative in them is the retention of the noon, and the sign of the accusative and jussive is the omission of the noon.

أَتُرِيدُونَ أَنْ تَذْهَبُوا؟

Do you (plural) want to go?

أَلَمْ تَذْهَبِي إِلَى الْمَدْرَسَةِ يَا مَرْيَمُ؟

Did you (singular feminine) not go to school, O Maryam?

٢ - الْفِعْلُ النَّاقِصُ: عَلَامَةُ الْجَزْمِ فِيهِ حَذْفُ آخِرِهِ، نَحْوَ: لَمْ يَمْشِ، لَمْ يَدْعُ، لَمْ يَنْسَ.

2 - The defective verb: the sign of the jussive in it is the omission of its end, such as: he did not walk, he did not call, he did not forget.

Vocabulary · المفردات (6 verbs · 26 nouns)

• فَهِمَ — to understand
• أَرَادَ — to want
• ذَهَبَ — to go
• مَشَى — to walk
• دَعَا — to call
• نَسِيَ — to forget
• دَرْس — lesson
• عَلَامَةٌ — sign
• إِعْرَاب — grammatical inflection
• أَصْلِيٌّ — original
• فَرْعِيٌّ — secondary
• مَرْفُوع — nominative
• مَنْصُوب — accusative
• مَجْزُوم — jussive
• مُضَارِع — present tense
• ثَلَاث — three
• ضَمَّة — damma
• رَفْع — nominative case
• فَتْحَة — fatha
• نَصْب — accusative case
• سُكُون — sukoon
• جَزْم — jussive case
• نَوْع — type
• آتِي — following
• فِعْل — verb
• خَمْسَة — five
• ثُبُوت — fixity
• نُون — the letter nūn (ن)
• حَذْف — omission
• مَدْرَسَة — school
• نَاقِص — defective
• آخِرٌ — end