Durus al-Balagha — First Lessons in Arabic Rhetoric (دروس البلاغة) — Page 81

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

دُرُوسُ الْبَلَاغَةِ

Lessons in Rhetoric.

وَمِنْهَا: التَّغْلِيبُ، وَهُوَ تَرْجِيحُ أَحَدِ الشَّيْئَيْنِ عَلَى الْآخَرِ فِي إِطْلَاقِ لَفْظِهِ عَلَيْهِ كَتَغْلِيبِ الْمُذَكَّرِ عَلَى الْمُؤَنَّثِ، فِي قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى: ﴿وَكَانَتْ مِنَ الْقَانِتِينَ﴾ [التَّحْرِيمُ: ١٢]، وَمِنْهُ الْأَبَوَانِ لِلْأَبِ وَالْأُمِّ، وَكَتَغْلِيبِ الْمُذَكَّرِ وَالْأَخَفِّ عَلَى غَيْرِهِمَا](١)، نَحْوَ: الْقَمَرَيْنِ، أَيِ الشَّمْسِ وَالْقَمَرِ وَالْعُمَرَيْنِ، أَيْ: أَبِي بَكْرٍ وَعُمَرَ، وَالْأَكْثَرِ عَلَى الْكُلِّ](٢)، نَحْوَ: ﴿لَنُخْرِجَنَّكَ يَاشُعَيْبُ وَالَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوا مَعَكَ مِن قَرْيَتِنَا أَوْ لَتَعُودُنَّ فِي مِلَّتِنَا﴾ [الْأَعْرَافُ: ٨٨]، أُدْخِلَ شُعَيْبٌ بِحُكْمِ(٣) التَّغْلِيبِ [فِي لَتَعُودُنَّ فِي مِلَّتِنَا](٤) أَنَّهُ لَمْ يَكُنْ فِيهَا قَطُّ حَتَّى يَعُودَ إِلَيْهَا، وَكَتَغْلِيبِ الْعَاقِلِ عَلَى غَيْرِهِ، كَقَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى: ﴿الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ﴾ [يُونُسُ:

Among them is 'taghlib' (predominance), which is the favoring of one of two things over the other in applying its term to it, such as the predominance of the masculine over the feminine in His Almighty's saying: 'And she was of the devout' [At-Tahrim: 12], and from this is 'the two parents' for the father and the mother; and such as the predominance of the masculine and the lighter [form] over others, such as 'the two moons' (al-qamaryn), meaning the sun and the moon, and 'the two Umars' (al-umaryn), meaning Abu Bakr and Umar; and [the predominance of] the majority over the whole, such as: 'We will surely evict you, O Shu'ayb, and those who have believed with you from our city, or you must return to our religion' [Al-A'raf: 88], where Shu'ayb was included by the rule of predominance [in 'you must return to our religion'], even though he had never been in it so as to return to it; and such as the predominance of the rational over the non-rational, like His Almighty's saying: 'All praise is due to Allah, Lord of the worlds' [Yunus: 10].

فِي (ب) وَكَتَغْلِيبِ الْأَخَفِّ عَلَى غَيْرِهِ.

(1) In (B): And the predominance of the lighter over others.

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Vocabulary · المفردات (9 verbs · 26 nouns)

• رَجَّحَ — to prefer
• أَطْلَقَ — to apply (a term)
• كَانَ — to be
• تَغْلِيبٌ — predominance
• تَرْجِيحٌ — preference
• شَيْءٌ — thing