Al-Qawl al-Mufid ala Kitab al-Tawhid — Volume 3 (القول المفيد على كتاب التوحيد) — Page 207

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

وَقَوْلُهُ : «عَذَابًا»: تَخُصُّ النَّاسَ يَعْنِي أَشَدَّ النَّاسِ الَّذِينَ يُعَذَّبُونَ عَذَابًا

His saying: 'a punishment': it specifies the people, meaning the most severe of the people who are punished with a punishment.

وَعَذَابًا تَمْيِيزٌ مُبَيِّنٌ لِلْمُرَادِ بِالْأَشَدِّ ، لِأَنَّ التَّمْيِيزَ كَمَا قَالَ ابْنُ مَالِكٍ : اسْمٌ بِمَعْنَى مِنْ مُبَيِّنٌ نَكِرَةٌ يُنْصَبُ تَمْيِيزًا بِمَا قَدْ فَسَّرَهُ

And 'a punishment' is a tamyiz (specifier) clarifying what is intended by 'the most severe', because the tamyiz, as Ibn Malik said, is: 'A noun in the meaning of "min" (from), clarifying, indefinite, which is put in the accusative case as a tamyiz by what it has explained.'

وَالْعَذَابُ يُطْلَقُ عَلَى الْعِقَابِ، وَيُطْلَقُ عَلَى مَا يُؤْلِمُ وَيُؤْذِي وَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ عِقَابًا، فَمِنَ الْأَوَّلِ قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى : أَدْخِلُوا آلَ فِرْعَوْنَ أَشَدَّ الْعَذَابِ (٢) أَيْ الْعُقُوبَةَ وَالنَّكَالَ لِأَنَّهُ يَدْخُلُ النَّارَ وَالْعِيَاذُ بِاللَّهِ يُقْدِمُ قَوْمَهُ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ فَأَوْرَدَهُمُ النَّارَ ، وَمِنَ الثَّانِي قَوْلُ النَّبِيِّ عَلَيْهِ الصَّلَاةُ وَالسَّلَامُ : «السَّفَرُ قِطْعَةٌ مِنَ الْعَذَابِ» (٤) وَقَوْلُهُ : «الْمَيِّتُ يُعَذَّبُ بِالنِّيَاحَةِ عَلَيْهِ»

The word 'adhab' (punishment/torment) is applied to retribution, and it is applied to that which causes pain and harm even if it is not retribution. From the first is His saying, the Almighty: 'Admit the people of Pharaoh into the severest of punishment,' meaning the retribution and the chastisement, because he enters the Fire—and we seek refuge in Allah—leading his people on the Day of Resurrection, so he leads them into the Fire. From the second is the saying of the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him: 'Travel is a piece of torment,' and his saying: 'The deceased is tormented by the wailing over him.'

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Vocabulary · المفردات (21 verbs · 36 nouns)

• خَصَّ — to specify
• عَنَى — to mean
• عَذَّبَ — to punish
• عَذَاب — punishment
• نَاس — people
• تَمْيِيز — specification