Al-Qawl al-Mufid ala Kitab al-Tawhid — Volume 2 (القول المفيد على كتاب التوحيد) — Page 9

Arabic text · النص

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

وَعَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ : أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ : «اجْتَنِبُوا السَّبْعَ الْمُوبِقَاتِ

Abu Hurairah, may Allah be pleased with him, reported that the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, said: "Avoid the seven destructive sins."

قَالُوا يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ وَمَا هُنَّ؟ قَالَ: الشِّرْكُ بِاللَّهِ.

They asked, "Messenger of Allah, what are they?" He replied, "Associating partners with Allah."

فَتَفْسِيرُ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ لِلطَّاغُوتِ بِالشَّيْطَانِ تَفْسِيرٌ بِالْمِثَالِ؛ لِأَنَّ الطَّاغُوتَ أَعَمُّ مِنَ الشَّيْطَانِ،

Umar’s interpretation of the Taghut as the devil is an illustrative example, as the term Taghut is broader than the devil.

فَالْأَصْنَامُ تُعْتَبَرُ مِنَ الطَّوَاغِيتِ كَمَا قَالَ تَعَالَى : وَعَبَدَ الطَّاغُوتَ

Idols are considered Taghut, as the Almighty says: "And worshipped the Taghut."

وَالْعُلَمَاءُ وَالْأُمَرَاءُ الَّذِينَ يُضِلُّونَ النَّاسَ يُعْتَبَرُونَ طَوَاغِيتَ، لِأَنَّهُمْ طَغَوْا وَزَادُوا وَفَعَلُوا مَا لَيْسَ لَهُمْ بِهِ حَقٌّ.

Scholars and leaders who lead people astray are also considered Taghut, for they have transgressed, overstepped their bounds, and acted without any right to do so.

قَوْلُهُ : «الطَّوَاغِيتُ كُهَّانٌ كَانَ يَنْزِلُ عَلَيْهِمُ الشَّيْطَانُ فِي كُلِّ حَيٍّ وَاحِدٌ».

His statement, "The Taghut are soothsayers upon whom the devil would descend in every neighborhood," serves as another illustrative example.

هَذَا أَيْضًا مِنْ بَابِ التَّفْسِيرِ بِالْمِثَالِ حَيْثُ إِنَّهُ جَعَلَ مِنْ جُمْلَةِ الطَّوَاغِيتِ الْكُهَّانَ.

He included soothsayers among the Taghut to clarify the concept through an example.

وَالْكَاهِنُ : قِيلَ هُوَ الَّذِي يُخْبِرُ عَمَّا فِي الضَّمِيرِ.

A soothsayer is said to be one who claims to know what is hidden in a person's thoughts.

وَقِيلَ : الَّذِي يُخْبِرُ عَنِ الْمُغَيَّبَاتِ فِي الْمُسْتَقْبَلِ.

Others define him as one who predicts future events.

وَكَانَ هَؤُلَاءِ الْكُهَّانُ تَنْزِلُ عَلَيْهِمُ الشَّيَاطِينُ بِمَا اسْتَرَقُوا مِنَ السَّمْعِ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ،

Devils would descend upon these soothsayers with information they had eavesdropped from the heavens.

وَكَانَ كُلُّ حَيٍّ مِنْ أَحْيَاءِ الْعَرَبِ لَهُمْ كَاهِنٌ يَسْتَخْدِمُ الشَّيَاطِينَ، فَتَسْتَرِقُ لَهُ السَّمْعَ فَتَأْتِي بِخَبَرِ السَّمَاءِ إِلَيْهِ.

Every Arab tribe had a soothsayer who employed these devils to listen in and bring him news from the heavens.

وَكَانُوا يَتَحَاكَمُونَ إِلَيْهِمْ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ.

People in the pre-Islamic era used to seek their judgment.

وَالطَّوَاغِيتُ لَيْسُوا مَحْصُورِينَ فِي هَؤُلَاءِ فَتَفْسِيرُ جَابِرٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ تَفْسِيرٌ بِالْمِثَالِ كَتَفْسِيرِ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ.

The Taghut are not limited to these figures; Jabir’s interpretation, like Umar’s, is merely an illustrative example.

النَّبِيُّ أَنْصَحُ الْخَلْقِ لِلْخَلْقِ فَكُلُّ شَيْءٍ يَضُرُّ النَّاسَ فِي دِينِهِمْ وَدُنْيَاهُمْ يُحَذِّرُهُمْ مِنْهُ

The Prophet was the most sincere advisor to humanity, warning them against everything that might harm their faith or their worldly lives.

وَلِهَذَا قَالَ: «اجْتَنِبُوا».

That is why he used the word "avoid."

وَهِيَ أَبْلَغُ مِنْ قَوْلِهِ : لَا تَفْعَلُوا ؛ لِأَنَّ الِاجْتِنَابَ مَعْنَاهُ أَنْ تَكُونَ فِي جَانِبٍ وَهِيَ فِي جَانِبٍ آخَرَ، وَهَذَا يَسْتَلْزِمُ الْبُعْدَ عَنْهَا.

This is more emphatic than saying "do not do," because avoidance implies that you remain on one side while the prohibited act is on the other, necessitating complete distance from it.

Vocabulary · المفردات (20 verbs · 38 nouns)

• رَضِيَ — to be pleased
• قَالَ — to say
• اِجْتَنَبَ — to avoid
• اِعْتَبَرَ — to consider
• عَبَدَ — to worship
• أَضَلَّ — to lead astray
• طَغَى — to transgress
• زَادَ — to increase
• فَعَلَ — to do
• نَزَلَ — to descend
• جَعَلَ — to make
• أَخْبَرَ — to inform
• اِسْتَرَقَ — to steal
• اِسْتَخْدَمَ — to use
• أَتَى — to come
• تَحَاكَمَ — to seek judgment
• ضَرَّ — to harm
• حَذَّرَ — to warn
• بَلَغَ — to reach
• اِسْتَلْزَمَ — to necessitate
• رَسُول — messenger
• سَبْع — seven
• مُوبِقَة — destructive thing
• شِرْك — polytheism
• تَفْسِير — interpretation
• طَاغُوت — tyrant
• شَيْطَان — devil
• مِثَال — an example
• أَصْنَم — idol
• عَالِم — scholar
• أَمِير — leader
• نَاس — people
• حَقّ — right
• قَوْل — saying
• كَاهِن — soothsayer
• حَيّ — tribe
• وَاحِد — one
• بَاب — chapter
• جُمْلَة — group
• ضَمِير — conscience
• مُغَيَّب — unseen thing
• مُسْتَقْبَل — future
• سَمْع — hearing
• سَمَاء — heaven
• عَرَب — Arab
• خَبَر — news
• جَاهِلِيَّة — pre-Islamic era
• مَحْصُور — limited
• نَبِيّ — prophet
• خَلْق — creation
• شَيْء — thing
• دِين — religion
• دُنْيَا — world
• اِجْتِنَاب — avoidance
• مَعْنَى — meaning
• جَانِب — side
• آخَر — other
• بُعْد — distance