Al-Qawl al-Mufid ala Kitab al-Tawhid — Volume 1 (القول المفيد على كتاب التوحيد) — Page 7

Arabic text · النص

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

لِلشَّيْءِ مِنْ حَالٍ إِلَى حَالٍ، وَأَيْضًا لَيْسَ شَامِلًا، بَلْ مَحْصُورٌ بِمَا يَتَمَكَّنُ الْإِنْسَانُ مِنْهُ، وَمَحْصُورٌ بِدَائِرَةٍ ضَيِّقَةٍ، فَلَا يُنَافِي قَوْلَنَا: إِفْرَادُ اللَّهِ بِالْخَلْقِ.

of a thing from one state to another, and it is also not comprehensive, but rather limited to what a human is capable of, and confined to a narrow circle, so it does not contradict our statement: singling out Allah in creation.

وَأَمَّا إِفْرَادُ اللَّهِ بِالْمُلْكِ فَأَنْ نَعْتَقِدَ أَنَّهُ لَا يَمْلِكُ الْخَلْقَ إِلَّا خَالِقُهُمْ كَمَا قَالَ تَعَالَى: وَلِلَّهِ مُلْكُ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ.

As for singling out Allah in sovereignty, it is to believe that no one possesses the creation except their Creator, as the Almighty said: 'And to Allah belongs the sovereignty of the heavens and the earth.'

وَقَالَ تَعَالَى: قُلْ مَنْ بِيَدِهِ مَلَكُوتُ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ.

And the Almighty said: 'Say, in whose hand is the dominion of all things?'

وَأَمَّا مَا وَرَدَ مِنْ إِثْبَاتِ الْمِلْكِيَّةِ لِغَيْرِ اللَّهِ كَقَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى: إِلَّا عَلَى أَزْوَاجِهِمْ أَوْ مَا مَلَكَتْ أَيْمَانُهُمْ فَإِنَّهُمْ غَيْرُ مَلُومِينَ.

As for what has been mentioned regarding the affirmation of ownership for others besides Allah, such as His saying, the Almighty: 'Except from their wives or those their right hands possess, for indeed, they are not to be blamed.'

وَقَالَ تَعَالَى: أَوْ مَا مَلَكْتُمْ مَفَاتِحَهُ.

And the Almighty said: 'Or [from houses] whose keys you possess.'

فَهُوَ مُلْكٌ مَحْدُودٌ لَا يَشْمَلُ إِلَّا شَيْئًا يَسِيرًا مِنْ هَذِهِ الْمَخْلُوقَاتِ، فَالْإِنْسَانُ يَمْلِكُ مَا تَحْتَ يَدِهِ، وَلَا يَمْلِكُ مَا تَحْتَ يَدِ غَيْرِهِ، وَكَذَا هُوَ مُلْكٌ قَاصِرٌ مِنْ حَيْثُ الْوَصْفِ، فَالْإِنْسَانُ لَا يَمْلِكُ مَا عِنْدَهُ تَمَامَ الْمُلْكِ، وَلِهَذَا لَا يَتَصَرَّفُ فِيهِ إِلَّا عَلَى حَسَبِ مَا أُذِنَ لَهُ فِيهِ شَرْعًا.

It is a limited ownership that does not encompass anything but a small portion of these created beings; for a human possesses what is under their control and does not possess what is under the control of others, and likewise, it is an incomplete ownership in terms of description, for a human does not possess what they have in absolute ownership, and for this reason, they do not dispose of it except according to what they have been permitted to do by the Sharia.

فَمَثَلًا: لَوْ أَرَادَ أَنْ يُحْرِقَ مَالَهُ أَوْ يُعَذِّبَ حَيَوَانَهُ، قُلْنَا: لَا يَجُوزُ.

For example, if one wanted to burn their wealth or torture their animal, we would say: It is not permissible.

أَمَّا اللَّهُ سُبْحَانَهُ فَهُوَ يَمْلِكُ ذَلِكَ كُلَّهُ مُلْكًا عَامًّا شَامِلًا.

As for Allah, glory be to Him, He possesses all of that with a general and comprehensive ownership.

وَأَمَّا إِفْرَادُ اللَّهِ بِالتَّدْبِيرِ: فَهُوَ أَنْ يَعْتَقِدَ الْإِنْسَانُ أَنَّهُ لَا مُدَبِّرَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَحْدَهُ.

As for singling out Allah in administration, it is for a human to believe that there is no administrator except Allah alone.

وَأَمَّا تَدْبِيرُ الْإِنْسَانِ فَمَحْصُورٌ بِمَا تَحْتَ يَدِهِ، وَمَحْصُورٌ بِمَا أُذِنَ لَهُ فِيهِ شَرْعًا.

As for human administration, it is confined to what is under their control and limited to what they have been permitted to do by the Sharia.

Vocabulary · المفردات (13 verbs · 37 nouns)

• تَمَكَّنَ — to be able
• نَافَى — to contradict
• اِعْتَقَدَ — to believe
• مَلَكَ — to own
• قَالَ — to say
• وَرَدَ — to be mentioned
• شَمِلَ — to include
• تَصَرَّفَ — to act
• أَذِنَ — to permit
• أَرَادَ — to want
• أَحْرَقَ — to burn
• عَذَّبَ — to torture
• جَازَ — to be permissible
• شَيْء — thing
• حَال — state
• شَامِل — comprehensive
• مَحْصُور — restricted
• إِنْسَان — human
• دَائِرَة — circle
• ضَيِّق — narrow
• إِفْرَاد — singling out
• خَلْق — creation
• مُلْك — ownership
• خَالِق — creator
• سَمَاء — heaven
• أَرْض — earth
• مَلَكُوت — dominion
• وُرُود — arrival
• إِثْبَات — affirmation
• مِلْكِيَّة — property
• زَوْج — spouse
• يَمِين — right hand
• مَلُوم — blamed
• مَفْتَح — key
• مَحْدُود — limited
• يَسِير — small
• مَخْلُوق — creature
• يَد — hand
• قَاصِر — deficient
• وَصْف — description
• تَمَام — completeness
• حَسَب — according to
• شَرْع — law
• مِثَال — an example
• مَال — wealth
• حَيَوَان — animal
• عَام — general
• تَدْبِير — management
• مُدَبِّر — manager
• وَحْد — alone