Al-Qawl al-Mufid ala Kitab al-Tawhid — Volume 1 (القول المفيد على كتاب التوحيد) — Page 358

Line-by-line translation · المعاني

وَقِيلَ: إِنَّ سَبَبَ نُزُولِ الْآيَةِ هُوَ اسْتِئْذَانُهُ رَبَّهُ فِي الِاسْتِغْفَارِ لِأُمِّهِ، وَلَا مَانِعَ مِنْ أَنْ يَكُونَ لِلْآيَةِ سَبَبَانِ.

It was said: The reason for the revelation of the verse is his asking his Lord for permission to seek forgiveness for his mother, and there is no objection to the verse having two reasons.

أَنَّ أَهْلَ الْعِلْمِ قَالُوا: يُسَنُّ تَلْقِينُ الْمُحْتَضَرِ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ، لَكِنْ بِدُونِ قَوْلِ قُلْ، لِأَنَّهُ رُبَّمَا مَعَ الضَّجَرِ يَقُولُ: لَا؛ لِضِيقِ صَدْرِهِ مَعَ نُزُولِ الْمَوْتِ، أَوْ يَكْرَهُ هَذِهِ الْكَلِمَةَ أَوْ مَعْنَاهَا، وَفِي هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ قَالَ: قُلْ.

The people of knowledge said: It is prescribed to instruct the dying person to say 'La ilaha illa Allah' (There is no god but Allah), but without saying 'Say', because perhaps with distress he might say: 'No', due to the tightness of his chest with the onset of death, or he might dislike this word or its meaning, and in this hadith, he said: 'Say'.

وَالْجَوَابُ: أَنَّ هَذَا كَافِرٌ فَإِذَا قِيلَ لَهُ: قُلْ وَأَبَى فَهُوَ عَلَى حَالِهِ لَمْ يَضُرَّهُ التَّلْقِينُ بِهَذَا فَإِمَّا أَنْ يَبْقَى عَلَى كُفْرِهِ وَلَا ضَرَرَ عَلَيْهِ، وَإِمَّا أَنْ يَهْدِيَهُ اللَّهُ، بِخِلَافِ الْمُسْلِمِ فَهُوَ عَلَى خَطَرٍ لِأَنَّهُ رُبَّمَا يَضُرُّهُ.

The answer is: This person is a disbeliever, so if it is said to him: 'Say' and he refuses, he remains in his state; the instruction with this does not harm him, so either he remains in his disbelief and there is no harm upon him, or Allah guides him, unlike the Muslim, for he is in danger because it might harm him.

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Vocabulary · المفردات (12 verbs · 25 nouns)

• قَالَ — to say
• نَزَلَ — to descend
• اِسْتَأْذَنَ — to ask permission
• سَبَبٌ — reason
• آيَةٌ — verse
• رَبٌّ — Lord