ءيا

Root entry · 9 derived lemmas

This root primarily deals with pronouns and demonstratives, specifically the object pronouns formed with 'إيا' followed by a suffixed pronoun. It also covers related concepts like warning and the light or halo of the sun.

Derived headwords

إِيَّاnoun

1.
one of the particles of calling, used to call both near and farboth
one of the particles of calling, used to call both near and far
2.
an indefinite noun to which all attached accusative pronouns are connected; you say 'iyyāka', 'iyyāya', 'iyyāhu', and 'iyyānā'both
an indefinite noun to which all attached accusative pronouns are connected; you say 'iyyāka', 'iyyāya', 'iyyāhu', and 'iyyānā'
3.
it has no grammatical case; it is like the kāf in that, and the alif and nūn in 'anta'; rather, it and what follows it from the kāf, yā', hā', and nūn are an explanation of the intended addressee as a single entity without annexationboth
it has no grammatical case; it is like the kāf in that, and the alif and nūn in 'anta'; rather, it and what follows it from the kāf, yā', hā', and nūn are an explanation of the intended addressee as a single entity without annexation

إِيَّاكَpronoun

1.
for warning, you say 'beware of the lion'both
for warning, you say 'beware of the lion'
2.
and it is a substitute for the pluralboth
and it is a substitute for the plural

إِيَّايَpronoun

1.
me (object)both
The first-person singular object pronoun, formed by 'إيا' and the suffix 'ي'.

إِيَّاهُpronoun

1.
him (object)both
The third-person masculine singular object pronoun, formed by 'إيا' and the suffix 'ه'.

إِيَّانَاpronoun

1.
us (object)both
The first-person plural object pronoun, formed by 'إيا' and the suffix 'نا'.

هِيَاكَpronoun

1.
like 'rāqa' and 'harāqa'both
like 'rāqa' and 'harāqa'

أَيَّاinterjection

1.
one of the particles of calling, used to call both near and farboth
one of the particles of calling, used to call both near and far
2.
an indefinite noun to which all attached accusative pronouns are connected; you say 'iyyāka', 'iyyāya', 'iyyāhu', and 'iyyānā'both
an indefinite noun to which all attached accusative pronouns are connected; you say 'iyyāka', 'iyyāya', 'iyyāhu', and 'iyyānā'
3.
it has no grammatical case; it is like the kāf in that, and the alif and nūn in 'anta'; rather, it and what follows it from the kāf, yā', hā', and nūn are an explanation of the intended addressee as a single entity without annexationboth
it has no grammatical case; it is like the kāf in that, and the alif and nūn in 'anta'; rather, it and what follows it from the kāf, yā', hā', and nūn are an explanation of the intended addressee as a single entity without annexation

إِيَّاةُ الشَّمْسِnoun

1.
sun's lightclassical
The light or radiance of the sun. The initial 'أ' can be pronounced with a kasra or fatha.
2.
sun's haloclassical
The halo or circle of light around the sun, analogous to the halo around the moon.

الأَيَاةُnoun

1.
sun's haloclassical
The halo or circle of light around the sun, similar to 'إياة الشمس'.

Parallel reading

إياك وإياي وإياه وإيانا

You, me, him, and us.

وجعلت الكاف والهاء والياء والنون بيانا عن المقصود

And the kaf, ha, ya, and nun were made as clarification for the intended person.

ولا موضع لها من الاعراب

And they have no grammatical position.

فيكون إيا الاسم وما بعدها للخطاب

So 'إيا' is the noun and what follows it is for address.

وقد صاروا كالشئ الواحد

And they have become like a single entity.

لان الاسماء المبهمة وسائر المكنيات لا تضاف، لانها معارف

Because indefinite nouns and other pronouns are not possessed (added to), as they are definite.

إن إيا مضاف إلى ما بعده

That 'إيا' is possessed by what comes after it.

استدل على ذلك بقولهم: " إذا بلغ الرجل الستين فإياه وإيا الشواب "

He used as evidence their saying: 'When a man reaches sixty, then him and young women (beware of them)'.

فأضافوها إلى الشواب وخفضوها

So they possessed it with 'الشواب' and made it genitive.

الكاف والهاء والياء والنون هي الاسماء، وإيا عماد لها

The kaf, ha, ya, and nun are the nouns, and 'إيا' is a support for them.

فلما قدمت الكاف والهاء والياء عمدت بإيا فصار كله كالشئ الواحد

So when the kaf, ha, and ya were brought forward, 'إيا' was used as a support, and it all became like a single entity.

ولك أن تقول ضربت إياى، لانه يصح أن تقول ضربتني

And you may say 'I struck me', because it is correct to say 'You struck me'.

ولا يجوز أن تقول ضربت إياك، لانك إنما تحتاج إلى إياك إذا لم يمكنك اللفظ بالكاف

And it is not permissible to say 'I struck you', because you only need 'إياك' if you cannot pronounce the 'kaf'.

فإذا وصلت إلى الكاف تركتها

And when you reach the 'kaf', you omit it.

ويجوز أن تقول: ضربتك إياك، لان الكاف اعتمد بها على الفعل، فإذا أعدتها احتجت إلى إيا

And it is permissible to say: 'I struck you, you', because the 'kaf' relied on the verb, so if you repeat it, you need 'إيا'.

كأنا يوم قرى إ نما نقتل إيانا

As if on the day of the feast, we were killing us.

فإنه إنما فصلها من الفعل لان العرب لا توقع فعل الفاعل على نفسه باتصال الكناية

For he separated it from the verb because the Arabs do not direct the actor's verb upon himself with an attached pronoun.

لا تقول: قتلتنى، إنما تقول قتلت نفسي

You do not say: 'I killed me', rather you say 'I killed myself'.

فأجرى إيانا مجرى أنفسنا

So he treated 'إيانا' like 'ourselves'.

وقد تكون للتحذير، تقول: إياك والاسد

And it can be used for warning, you say: 'Beware of the lion'.

وهى بدل من فعل، كأنك قلت باعد

And it is a substitute for a verb, as if you said 'avoid'.

فهياك والامر الذى إن توسعت * موارده ضاقت عليك مصادره

So beware of the matter which, if its sources expand, its outlets will narrow for you.

وتقول: إياك وأن تفعل كذا

And you say: 'Beware of doing such and such'.

ولا تقل: إياك أن تفعل، بلا واو

And do not say: 'إياك أن تفعل', without the 'و'.

وأيايا: زجر

And 'أيايا': is a reprimand/hush.

إذا قال حاديهم أيايا أتقينه * بمثل الذرى مطلنفئات العرائك

When their driver says 'Hush!' to them, they are restrained by the like of the peaks of the sand dunes.

إياة الشمس بكسر الهمزة: ضوؤها، وقد تفتح

The 'إياة' of the sun with a kasra on the hamza: its light, and it may be pronounced with a fatha.

سقته إياة الشمس إلا لثاته * أسف فلم تكدم عليه بإثمد

The sun's light watered it, except its gums were bitter, so it was not smeared with kohl upon them.

فإن أسقطت الهاء مددت وفتحت

And if you omit the 'ha', you lengthen and open the vowel.

ويقال الأياة للشمس كالهالة للقمر، وهي الدارة حولها

And 'الأياة' is said for the sun like 'الهالة' for the moon, and it is the circle around it.