ءذا

Root entry · 2 derived lemmas

This root primarily deals with temporal conjunctions and particles indicating future or past events, as well as sudden occurrences. It distinguishes between future and past time markers and explores their grammatical functions, including conditional and sudden realization.

Derived headwords

إذاparticle

1.
a noun indicating a future timeboth
a noun indicating a future time
2.
it is only used when added to a sentenceboth
it is only used when added to a sentence
3.
an adverb of time and it contains a conditional meaningboth
an adverb of time and it contains a conditional meaning
4.
it is for something that accompanies it in a stateboth
it is for something that accompanies it in a state

أجيئك إذا احمر البسر — I will come to you when the dates ripen.

خرجت فإذا زيد قائم — I went out and suddenly found Zayd standing.

إذparticle

1.
a word indicating what has passed of timeboth
a word indicating what has passed of time
2.
a noun built on sukoonboth
a noun built on sukoon
3.
one of the particles of jaza' (conditional), but it does not make jaza' except with 'mā'both
one of the particles of jaza' (conditional), but it does not make jaza' except with 'mā'
4.
it can be for something you agree with in a state you are inboth
it can be for something you agree with in a state you are in
5.
the past of timeboth
the past of time

بينما أنا كذا إذ جاء زيد — While I was thus, suddenly Zayd came.

وإذ واعدنا موسى — And when We made a covenant with Moses.

Parallel reading

إذا: اسم يدل على زمان مستقبل، ولم تستعمل إلا مضافة إلى جملة، تقول: أجيئك إذا احمر البسر، وإذا قدم فلان.

Idha: a noun indicating future time, and it is only used appended to a sentence. You say: I will come to you when the dates ripen, and when so-and-so arrives.

والذى يدل على أنها اسم وقوعها موقع قولك: آتيك يوم يقدم فلان.

And what indicates that it is a noun is its occupying the position of your saying: I will come to you on the day so-and-so arrives.

وهي ظرف، وفيها مجازاة ; لان جزاء الشرط ثلاثة أشياء: أحدها الفعل كقولك إن تأتني آتك، والثانى الفا كقولك: إن تأتني فإنا محسن إليك، والثالث إذا كقوله تعالى: (وإن تصبهم سيئة بما قدمت أيديهم إذا هم يقنطون).

And it is an adverb, and it contains a consequence; because the consequence of a condition is three things: the first is the verb, as in your saying: If you come to me, I will come to you; the second is 'fa', as in your saying: If you come to me, then indeed we are good to you; and the third is 'idha', as in His saying: (And if any evil befalls them for what their hands have sent forth, then behold, they despair).

وتكون للشئ توافقه في حال أنت فيها، وذلك نحو قولك: خرجت فإذا زيد قائم، المعنى خرجت ففاجأني زيد في الوقت بقيام.

And it can be for something that coincides with a state you are in, and that is like your saying: I went out, and then suddenly Zayd was standing. The meaning is: I went out, and Zayd suddenly surprised me at that moment by standing.

وأما إذ فهى لما مضى من الزمان، وقد تكون للمفاجأة مثل إذا، ولا يليها إلا الفعل الواجب، وذلك نحو قولك: بينما أنا كذا إذ جاء زيد.

As for 'idh', it is for past time, and it can be for suddenness like 'idha'. And it is only followed by a necessary verb, and that is like your saying: While I was thus, suddenly Zayd came.

وقد تزادان جميعا في الكلام، كقوله تعالى: (وإذ واعدنا موسى) أي وعدنا

And they can both be added in speech, as in His saying: (And when We made a covenant with Moses), meaning: We covenanted.

وقول الشاعر: حتى إذا أسلكوهم في قتائدة * شلا كما تطرد الجمالة الشردا

And the poet's saying: Until when they led them into the thickets * scattered like camels driven away.

أي حتى أسلكوهم في قتائدة، لانه آخر القصيد.

Meaning: until they led them into the thickets, because it is the end of the poem.

أو يكون قد كف عن خبره لعلم السامع.

Or it may be that the خبر (predicate) is omitted because the listener knows.