لوم

Root entry · 32 derived lemmas

This root primarily concerns the concept of blame, reproach, and censure. It extends to the act of blaming, the state of being blamed, and the object or reason for blame. The root also encompasses related concepts like waiting, delay, and the grammatical particle 'lam' in its various forms and functions.

Derived headwords

اللَّوْمnoun

1.
blame, reproachboth
blame, reproach

لامَverb

1.
he closed the wound and the crack, from the verb class of 'qaṭa'a' (to cut), when he closed itboth
he closed the wound and the crack, from the verb class of 'qaṭa'a' (to cut), when he closed it

لامه على كذا لوما ولومة — He blamed him for such-and-such a blame.

لَوْمًاnoun

1.
blame, reproachboth
A verbal noun indicating the act of blaming or reproaching.

لَوْمَةnoun

1.
alsoboth
also
2.
people blame himboth
people blame him
3.
with fatha on the wawboth
with fatha on the waw

مَلُومadjective

1.
blamed, reproachedboth
blamed, reproached

لَائِمnoun

1.
plural of 'la'im'both
plural of 'la'im'

اللَّائِمَةnoun

1.
blame, reproachboth
blame, reproach

اللَّوْمَىnoun

1.
blame, reproachclassical
Synonymous with 'al-la'imah', referring to blame or censure.

ما زلت أتجرع فيك اللوائم — I have been enduring blame from you.

المَلَاوِمnoun

1.
plural of 'malāmah'both
plural of 'malāmah'

اللَّامَةnoun

1.
thing to be blamed forclassical
An act or matter for which one is blamed or censured.

أَلَامَverb

1.
intention, aimboth
intention, aim
2.
he did something ignoble, when he did something for which people call him ignobleboth
he did something ignoble, when he did something for which people call him ignoble
3.
he did something for which he is blamedboth
he did something for which he is blamed

ألام الرجل، إذا أتى بما يلام عليه — A man is 'alāma' if he does something for which he is blamed.

مُلِيمadjective

1.
blameworthyboth
Deserving of blame or censure.

استَلَامَverb

1.
to make oneself blameworthyclassical
To render oneself deserving of blame or reproach in the eyes of people.

واستلام الرجل إلى الناس، أي استذم — And a man 'istalāma' to people, meaning he made himself blameworthy.

أَلَمْتُهُverb

1.
I blamed himclassical
A past tense form meaning 'I blamed him', used synonymously with 'lamtuhu'.

ألمته بمعنى لمته — 'Alamtuhu' means 'lamtuhu' (I blamed him).

مُلَامًاnoun

1.
blame, reproachclassical
A verbal noun, often used in the context of receiving blame.

حمدت الله أن أمسى ربيع بدار الذل ملاحيا ملاما — I praised God that Rabi' ended up in the house of humiliation, receiving blame.

المُلَاوَمَةnoun

1.
mutual blamingboth
The act of blaming each other; reciprocal reproach.

الملاومة: أن تلوم رجلا ويلومك — Al-mulāwamah: is that you blame a man and he blames you.

تَلَاوَمُواverb

1.
meaning, some of them blamed othersboth
meaning, some of them blamed others

تلاوموا: لام بعضهم بعضا — They blamed each other: some of them blamed some of the others.

لُومَةadjective

1.
alsoboth
also
2.
people blame himboth
people blame him
3.
with fatha on the wawboth
with fatha on the waw

ورجل لومة: يلومه الناس — And a man is 'lūmah': people blame him.

لُؤْمَةadjective

1.
alsoboth
also
2.
people blame himboth
people blame him
3.
with fatha on the wawboth
with fatha on the waw

ولومة: يلوم الناس، مثل هزأة وهزأة — And 'lūmah': blames people, like 'haz'ah' and 'haz'ah'.

التَّلَوُّمnoun

1.
waiting and enablingboth
waiting and enabling

التلوم: الانتظار والتمكث — Al-talawwum: waiting and lingering.

لَامَnoun

1.
he closed the wound and the crack, from the verb class of 'qaṭa'a' (to cut), when he closed itboth
he closed the wound and the crack, from the verb class of 'qaṭa'a' (to cut), when he closed it

ولام الإنسان: شخصه، غير مهموز — And 'lām al-insān': his person, not pronounced with hamza.

لَامparticle

1.
he closed the wound and the crack, from the verb class of 'qaṭa'a' (to cut), when he closed itboth
he closed the wound and the crack, from the verb class of 'qaṭa'a' (to cut), when he closed it

لَامُ الْأَمْرِparticle

1.
imperative particleboth
A particle used to express a command, typically directed at a third person (e.g., 'let him stand').

ليقم زيد — Let Zayd stand.

لَامُ التَّوْكِيدparticle

1.
particle of emphasisboth
A particle used to add emphasis to a sentence, often found at the beginning of a nominal sentence or in the predicate of 'inna'.

لزيد أفضل من عمرو — Indeed, Zayd is better than Amr.

إن ربك لبالمرصاد — Indeed, your Lord is in ambush.

لَامُ الْإِضَافَةparticle

1.
preposition of possession/relationboth
A particle indicating possession, اختصاص (specialization), or relation, often translated as 'for' or 'to'.

المال لزيد — The money belongs to Zayd.

أخ لزيد — A brother to Zayd.

لَامُ الِاسْتِغَاثَةparticle

1.
particle of invocationclassical
A particle used in exclamations to call for help or invoke assistance.

يا للرجال ليوم الاربعاء — O men, for Wednesday!

لَامُ التَّعَجُّبparticle

1.
particle of wonderclassical
A particle used to express astonishment or wonder.

يا للعجب — O, what a wonder!

لَامُ الْعِلَّةparticle

1.
particle of causeboth
A particle indicating the reason or cause for an action, often translated as 'in order to' or 'so that'.

لتكونوا شهداء على الناس — So that you may be witnesses over mankind.

ضربته ليتأدب — I hit him so that he would be disciplined.

لَامُ الْعَاقِبَةparticle

1.
particle of consequenceclassical
A particle indicating the ultimate outcome or consequence of an action, even if not intended.

فللموت تغذو الوالدات سخالها — For death, mothers nourish their young.

لَامُ الْجَحْدparticle

1.
particle of denialclassical
A particle used after 'kāna' or 'yakūnu' in a negative context to deny something emphatically.

وما كان الله ليعذبهم — And Allah would not punish them.

لَامُ التَّارِيخparticle

1.
particle of datingclassical
A particle used to indicate a point in time, often meaning 'after' or 'on'.

كتبت لثلاث ليال خلون — I wrote three nights ago.

حتى وردن لتم خمس بائص — Until they arrived on the fifth night of Tammuz.

لَامُ التَّعْرِيفparticle

1.
definite articleboth
The definite article 'al-' used to make a noun definite.

الرجل — The man.

Parallel reading

اللوم: العذل.

Blame: reproach.

تقول: لامه على كذا لوما ولومة، فهو ملوم.

You say: He blamed him for such-and-such a blame, and he is blamed.

واللوم: جمع لائم، مثل راكع وركع.

And 'al-lawm' is the plural of 'lā'im', like 'rāki'' (kneeler) and 'rukk'' (kneelers).

واللائمة: الملامة، وكذلك اللومى على فعلى.

And 'al-lā'imah': is blame, and likewise 'al-lawmā' on the pattern of 'fa'lā'.

ما زلت أتجرع فيك اللوائم.

I have been enduring blame from you.

والملاوم: جمع الملامة.

And 'al-malāwim': is the plural of 'al-malāmah'.

وألام الرجل، إذا أتى بما يلام عليه.

And a man is 'alāma', if he does something for which he is blamed.

يقال لام فلان غير مليم.

It is said, 'So-and-so blamed someone who is not blameworthy'.

وفي المثل: " رب لائم مليم ".

And in the proverb: 'Perhaps a blamer is blameworthy'.

ومن يخذل أخاه فقد ألاما

And whoever abandons his brother has indeed done something blameworthy.

واستلام الرجل إلى الناس، أي استذم.

And a man 'istalāma' to people, meaning he made himself blameworthy.

أبو عبيدة: يقال ألمته بمعنى لمته.

Abu Ubaidah said: 'Alamtuhu' is said to mean 'lamtuhu' (I blamed him).

والملاومة: أن تلوم رجلا ويلومك.

And 'al-mulāwamah': is that you blame a man and he blames you.

وتلاوموا: لام بعضهم بعضا.

And they blamed each other: some of them blamed some of the others.

ورجل لومة: يلومه الناس.

And a man is 'lūmah': people blame him.

ولومة: يلوم الناس، مثل هزأة وهزأة.

And 'lūmah': blames people, like 'haz'ah' and 'haz'ah'.

والتلوم: الانتظار والتمكث.

And 'al-talawwum': is waiting and lingering.

ولام الإنسان: شخصه، غير مهموز.

And 'lām al-insān': his person, not pronounced with hamza.

واللام من حروف الزيادات، وهى على ضربين: متحركة وساكنة.

And 'lām' is one of the letters of augmentation, and it is of two types: movable and silent.

فأما اللامات المتحركة فهى ثلاث: لام الامر ولام التوكيد ولام الاضافة.

As for the movable 'lāms', they are three: the 'lām' of command, the 'lām' of emphasis, and the 'lām' of addition.

كقولك ليقم زيد، تأمر بها الغائب، وربما أمروا بها المخاطب.

Like your saying 'liyaqum Zayd', you command the absent with it, and sometimes they command the addressed.

وقرئ: (فبذلك فلتفرحوا) بالتاء.

And it was read: '(Fa-bi-dhālika fa-l-tafraḥū)' with the 'tā'.

وقد يجوز حذف لام الامر في الشعر فتعمل مضمرة، كقول متمم بن نويرة:

And the 'lām' of command may be omitted in poetry and operate implicitly, as in the saying of Muttammim ibn Nuwayrah:

على مثل أصحاب البعوضة فاخمشى لك الويل حر الوجه أو يبك من بكى

Upon one like the companions of the mosquito, may woe befall you, O noble one, or may whoever weeps weep.

أراد: ليبك، فحذف اللام.

He intended: 'li-yabki' (let him weep), so he omitted the 'lām'.

وكذلك لام أمر المواجه، قال الشاعر:

And likewise the 'lām' of command for the addressed, a poet said:

قلت لبواب لديه دارها تئذن فإنى حمؤها وجارها

I said to a doorkeeper who had her house: 'Ta'dhani' (allow entry), for I am her father-in-law and her neighbor.

أراد لتأذن فحذف اللام، وكسر التاء على لغة من يقول أنت تعلم.

He intended 'li-ta'dhani' (let her allow entry) and omitted the 'lām', and he vocalized the 'tā' with the dialect of one who says 'anta ta'lamu'.

ومنها لام الابتداء، كقولك لزيد أفضل من عمرو.

And among them is the 'lām' of the beginning, like your saying 'La-Zayd afḍalu min 'Amr' (Indeed, Zayd is better than Amr).

ومنها التى تدخل في خبر إن المشددة والمخففة، كقوله تعالى: (إن ربك لبالمرصاد) ، وقوله سبحانه: (وإن كانت لكبيرة) .

And among them is that which enters into the predicate of 'inna' (heavy and light), like His saying, the Almighty: '(Inna Rabbaka la-bil-mirṣād)' (Indeed, your Lord is in ambush), and His saying, the Blessed and Exalted: '(Wa-inna kānat la-kabīrah)' (And indeed it was a great (sin)).

ومنها التى تكون جوابا للو ولولا، كقوله تعالى: (لولا أنتم لكنا مؤمنين) وقوله تعالى: (لو تزيلوا لعذبنا الذين كفروا) .

And among them is that which is an answer to 'lawlā' and 'law', like His saying, the Almighty: '(Lawlā antum la-kunnā mu'minīn)' (Were it not for you, we would have been believers), and His saying, the Almighty: '(Law tazīlū la-'adhdhabnā alladhīna kafarū)' (If they were removed, We would punish those who disbelieved).

ومنها التى تكون في الفعل المستقبل المؤكد بالنون، كقوله: (ليسجنن وليكونن من الصاغرين) .

And among them is that which is in the future verb confirmed by 'nūn', as in His saying: '(La-yusjananna wa-la-yakūnanna min al-ṣāghirīn)' (He will surely be imprisoned and will surely be among the degraded).

ومنها لام جواب القسم.

And among them is the 'lām' of the answer to an oath.

وجميع لامات التوكيد تصلح أن تكون جوابا للقسم، كقوله تعالى: (وإن منكم لمن ليبطئن) ، فاللام الاولى للتوكيد، والثانية جواب، لان القسم جملة توصل بأخرى وهى المقسم عليه لتؤكد الثانية بالاولى.

And all the 'lāms' of emphasis are suitable to be an answer to an oath, like His saying, the Almighty: '(Wa-in minkum la-man yu-la-baṭṭi'anna)' (And among you are those who will surely lag behind), so the first 'lām' is for emphasis, and the second is the answer, because the oath is a sentence connected to another, which is the subject of the oath, to confirm the second by the first.

والله إن زيدا خير منك، ووالله لزيد خير منك، وقولك: والله ليقومن ريد.

By God, indeed Zayd is better than you, and by God, Zayd is better than you, and your saying: By God, Zayd will surely stand.

إذا أدخلوا لام القسم على فعل مستقبل أدخلوا في آخره النون شديدة أو خفيفة لتأكيد الاستقبال وإخراجه عن الحال لا بد من ذلك.

When they introduce the 'lām' of an oath onto a future verb, they introduce 'nūn' at its end, heavy or light, to confirm the future and remove it from the present; this is necessary.

ومنها إن الخفيفة المكسورة وما، وهما بمعنى، كقولك: والله ما فعلت، ووالله إن فعلت بمعنى.

And among them is the light, broken 'inna' and 'mā', and they have the same meaning, like your saying: 'Wallāhi mā fa'altu' (By God, I did not do it), and 'Wallāhi in fa'altu' (By God, I did do it) with the same meaning.

ومنها لا، كقولك: والله لا أفعل.

And among them is 'lā', like your saying: 'Wallāhi lā af'al' (By God, I will not do it).

وقد تحذف وهى مرادة.

And it may be omitted while intended.

ومنها لام الملك كقولك: المال لزيد.

And among them is the 'lām' of ownership, like your saying: 'Al-mālu li-Zayd' (The money belongs to Zayd).

ومنها لام الاختصاص، كقولك: أخ لزيد.

And among them is the 'lām' of specialization, like your saying: 'Akhun li-Zayd' (A brother to Zayd).

يا للرجال ليوم الاربعاء أما ينفك يحدث لى بعد النهى طربا

O men, for Wednesday! Does not joy continue to occur to me after the prohibition?

وإن عطفت على المستغاث به بلام أخرى كسرتها، لانك قد أمنت اللبس بالعطف كقول الشاعر:

And if you connect with another 'lām' to the invoked, you break it, because you have secured against confusion by the conjunction, as in the poet's saying:

يا للرجال وللشبان للعجب

O men and O youths, for wonder!

يا لبكر أنشروا لى كليبا يا لبكر أين أين الفرار

O Bakr, announce to me Ka'lib! O Bakr, where, where is the escape?

وقال بعضهم: أصله يا آل بكر فخفف بحذف الهمزة، كما قال جرير:

And some of them said: its origin is 'Yā Āla Bakr', so it was lightened by omitting the hamza, as Jarir said:

قد كان حقا أن نقول لبارق يا آل بارق فيم سب جرير

It was indeed right for us to say to Bāriq, O Āla Bāriq, why is Jarīr reviled?

ومنها لام التعجب مفتوحة، كقولك: يا للعجب.

And among them is the 'lām' of wonder, open, like your saying: 'Yā lil-'ajab' (O, what a wonder!).

والمعنى يا عجب احضر فهذا أوانك.

And the meaning is: O wonder, be present, for this is your time.

ومنها لام العلة بمعنى كى، كقوله تعالى: (لتكونوا شهداء على الناس) ، وضربته ليتأدب، أي لكى يتأدب ولاجل التأدب.

And among them is the 'lām' of cause meaning 'kay' (in order to), like His saying, the Almighty: '(Li-takūnū shuhadā'a 'alā an-nās)' (So that you may be witnesses over mankind), and 'I hit him so that he would be disciplined', meaning 'in order to be disciplined' and 'for the sake of discipline'.

ومنها لام العاقبة كقول الشاعر

And among them is the 'lām' of consequence, as the poet said:

كما لخراب الدهر تبنى المساكن

Just as for the ruin of time, dwellings are built.

ومنها لام الجحد بعد ما كان ولم يكن، ولا تصحب إلا النفى، كقوله تعالى: (وما كان الله ليعذبهم) أي لان يعذبهم.

And among them is the 'lām' of denial after 'mā kāna' and 'lam yakun', and it is only accompanied by negation, like His saying, the Almighty: '(Wa-mā kāna Allāhu li-yu'adhdhibahum)' (And Allah would not punish them), meaning 'in order to punish them'.

ومنها لام التاريخ، كقولك: كتبت لثلاث ليال خلون، أي بعد ثلاث.

And among them is the 'lām' of dating, like your saying: 'I wrote three nights ago', meaning 'after three'.

حتى وردن لتم خمس بائص جدا تعاوره الرياح وبيلا

Until they arrived on the fifth night of Tammuz, very much buffeted by the winds and the desert.

فإذا اتصلت بما قبلها سقطت الالف كقولك الرجل.

And when it connects with what precedes it, the 'alif' is dropped, like your saying 'ar-rajul' (the man).

وإن أدخلت عليها حرفا من حروف العطف جاز فيها الكسر والتسكين كقوله تعالى: (وليحكم أهل الانجيل) .

And if you introduce a letter of conjunction to it, both kasra and sukun are permissible, as in His saying, the Almighty: '(Wa-li-yaḥkuma ahl al-injīl)' (And let the People of the Scripture judge).