سود

Root entry · 33 derived lemmas

The root سود (s-w-d) primarily relates to leadership, nobility, and authority. It also extends to the color black, darkness, and things associated with it, such as large or important entities, and even negative concepts like unpleasant words or difficult situations. The root encompasses terms for people, places, and abstract qualities.

Derived headwords

سَادَverb

1.
He ruled his people.both
He ruled his people.

ساد قومه يسودهم سيادة وسوددا وسيدودة — He led his people, ruling them with leadership, authority, and nobility.

سِيَادَةnoun

1.
leadership, ruleboth
The state or quality of being a leader or ruler; authority and dominion.

سُودَدnoun

1.
nobility, high statusclassical
A state of high social standing, honor, and prestige.

سَيَدُودَةnoun

1.
With fatha (meaning mastery/leadership).both
With fatha (meaning mastery/leadership).

سَيِّدnoun

1.
So he is a master/lord.both
So he is a master/lord.
2.
He is the master of his people, if you mean the present state.both
He is the master of his people, if you mean the present state.

فهو سيدهم — He is their master.

يقال هذا سيد قومه اليوم — It is said, 'This is the leader of his people today.'

سَائِدadjective

1.
Master of his people (if you mean the future).both
Master of his people (if you mean the future).

هو سائد قومه عن قليل — He is the leader of his people in a short while.

سَوَّدَverb

1.
to make someone a leaderboth
To cause someone to become a leader or master.
2.
to treat someone blacklyclassical
To treat someone with hostility or negativity, to speak ill of them.
3.
to treat camels with medicineclassical
To treat the hindquarters of camels by pounding old mats of hair and applying them.

سوده قومه — His people made him their leader.

سودت الإبل تسويدا — The camels were treated (medicated).

أَسْوَدverb

1.
More noble than so-and-so, meaning more esteemed than him.both
More noble than so-and-so, meaning more esteemed than him.
2.
The thing became black, blackening.both
The thing became black, blackening.
3.
Its diminutive is 'usayyad and 'usaywid.both
Its diminutive is 'usayyad and 'usaywid.

أساد الرجل وأسود بمعنى، أي ولد غلاما سيدا — A man 'asāda' and 'aswada' mean the same, i.e., he was born a son who is a leader.

وكذلك إذا ولد غلاما أسود اللون — And likewise if he was born a son of dark color.

أَسَادَverb

1.
like jabal and ajbālboth
like jabal and ajbāl

اسْتَادَverb

1.
to kill their leaderclassical
To kill the leader of a group of people.
2.
to capture their leaderclassical
To take the leader of a group of people captive.
3.
to propose to their leader's daughterclassical
To seek marriage from the daughter of a leader.

استاد القوم بني فلان، أي قتلوا سيدهم — The people 'astāda' the family of so-and-so, meaning they killed their leader.

سَوَادnoun

1.
blackness, dark colorboth
The color black or a dark hue.
2.
a large number, multitudeboth
A great quantity or number of people or things.
3.
population, common peopleboth
The general populace or the masses.
4.
heart, coreboth
The central or innermost part of something, like the heart of the heart.
5.
secrecy, confidenceclassical
The state of being secret or confidential; a private matter.
6.
heavy baggage, retinueclassical
The main body of troops or followers, or significant belongings.
7.
cities, provincesclassical
Refers to the settled areas or provinces, like Kufa and Basra.

السواد: لون — Blackness: a color.

وسواد الناس: عامتهم — And the 'sawād' of the people: their generality.

وسواد القلب: حبته — And the 'sawād' of the heart: its core.

وسواد الأمير: ثقله — And the 'sawād' of the prince: his retinue.

اسْوَدَّverb

1.
More noble than so-and-so, meaning more esteemed than him.both
More noble than so-and-so, meaning more esteemed than him.
2.
The thing became black, blackening.both
The thing became black, blackening.
3.
Its diminutive is 'usayyad and 'usaywid.both
Its diminutive is 'usayyad and 'usaywid.

وقد اسود الشئ اسوداد ا — And the thing became black, with blackness.

اسْوِدَادnoun

1.
becoming blackboth
The process or state of turning black.

اسْوَادَدَverb

1.
to become very blackclassical
To become intensely black.

ويجوز في الشعر اسوأد تحرك الألف لئلا يجمع بين ساكنين — And in poetry, 'aswadda' is permissible, with the alif moved to avoid two consecutive silent letters.

اسْوَادِيدَادnoun

1.
intense blacknessclassical
A state of extreme blackness.

سَوَّدْتُهُverb

1.
I made it blackboth
I caused something to become black.

وسودته أنا — And I made it black.

أُسَيْوِدnoun

1.
Meaning, it has approached blackness (diminutive of أسود).both
Meaning, it has approached blackness (diminutive of أسود).

وتصغير الأسود أسيد، وإن شئت أسيود، أي قد قارب السواد — And the diminutive of 'aswad' is 'usayyid', or if you wish 'usayywd', meaning it has approached blackness.

أَسْوَدadjective

1.
More noble than so-and-so, meaning more esteemed than him.both
More noble than so-and-so, meaning more esteemed than him.
2.
The thing became black, blackening.both
The thing became black, blackening.
3.
Its diminutive is 'usayyad and 'usaywid.both
Its diminutive is 'usayyad and 'usaywid.

وهو أسود من فلان، أي أجل منه — And he is 'aswad' than so-and-so, meaning more noble than him.

والأسود: العظيم من الحيات — And 'al-aswad': the great one of serpents.

أَسْوَدَانnoun

1.
dates and waterclassical
A common pairing of essential food and drink, often referring to dates and water.
2.
fire and waterclassical
Figuratively, referring to hardship or essential elements.

والأسودان: التمر والماء — And the 'aswadān': dates and water.

إنما أردت الحرة والليل — I only meant the lava field and the night.

أَسَاوِدnoun

1.
great serpentsboth
Plural of 'aswad' when referring to large snakes.
2.
fallen people, corpsesclassical
Refers to fallen individuals or corpses in battle.

والجمع الأساود، لأنه اسم، ولو كان صفة لجمع على فعل — And the plural is 'al-asāwid', because it is a noun; if it were an adjective, it would be pluralized as 'af'al'.

أساود صرعى لم يوسد قتيلها — Fallen 'asāwid' whose slain were not laid to rest.

سَاوَدَverb

1.
to be equal in colorclassical
To match someone in skin color.
2.
to be equal in statusclassical
To be equal to someone in nobility or status.
3.
to confide inclassical
To share secrets or confidences with someone.

ساودني فلان فسدته، من سواد اللون والسودد جميعا — So-and-so 'sāwada' me, and I surpassed him, in terms of color and nobility both.

سُودَاءnoun

1.
unpleasant wordclassical
A harsh, unpleasant, or offensive statement.
2.
blacknessboth
The quality or state of being black.

فما رد على سوداء ولا بيضاء — And he did not respond with anything unpleasant or pleasant.

سُودَاءnoun

1.
study, diligenceclassical
The act of studying or being diligent, often in contrast to something new.

والوطأة السوداء: الدراسة — And the black tread: the study.

أَسْوِدَةnoun

1.
and likewiseboth
and likewise

والجمع أسودة، ثم الأساود جمع الجمع — And the plural is 'aswida', then 'al-asāwid' is the plural of the plural.

أَسَاوِدnoun

1.
fallen people, corpsesclassical
Refers to fallen individuals or corpses in battle.

يعني بالأساود شخوص القتلى — He means by 'asāwid' the figures of the slain.

سُوَادnoun

1.
confidential talkclassical
Speaking in confidence or sharing secrets.

ساودته مساودة وسوادا، أي ساررته — I 'sāwada' him, 'musāwada' and 'sawādan', meaning I confided in him.

مُسَاوَدَةnoun

1.
confidingclassical
The act of sharing secrets or speaking confidentially.

سَيِّدَةnoun

1.
lady, mistressboth
A woman of high social standing or a female leader.
2.
female wolfclassical
A female wolf.

قيل لابنة الخس: لم زنيت وأنت سيدة نساء قومك؟ — It was said to the daughter of Al-Khass: 'Why did you commit adultery when you are the lady of your people?'

سَيِّدَانnoun

1.
plural of wolfclassical
Plural of 'sayyid' when referring to wolves.
2.
name of a hillclassical
A proper noun referring to a specific hill.

والجمع السيدان — And the plural is 'al-sayyidān'.

سُودُnoun

1.
mountains of Qaysclassical
A specific geographical location, the mountains of Qays.

هو جبال قيس — It is the mountains of Qays.

سُوَيْدَاءnoun

1.
core of the heartboth
The innermost part of the heart; the center.

وكذلك أسوده وسوداؤه، وسويداؤه — And likewise its core, its blackness, and its 'suwaydā'.

سُودُ الْبُطُونadjective phrase

1.
thin-bellied, emaciatedclassical
Describing animals or people who are thin and weak, with dark bellies.

وجاء فلان بغنمه سود البطون — And so-and-so came with his sheep having black bellies (i.e., emaciated).

حُمْرُ الْكُلَىadjective phrase

1.
fat-kidneyed, well-fedclassical
Describing animals that are plump and well-fed, with red kidneys.

وجاء بها حمر الكلى، معناهما مهازيل — And he brought them with red kidneys, meaning they were emaciated.

Parallel reading

ساد قومه يسودهم سيادة وسوددا وسيدودة، فهو سيدهم.

He led his people, ruling them with leadership, authority, and nobility, so he is their master.

وهم سادة، تقديره فعلة بالتحريك، لان تقدير سيد فعيل، وهو مثل سرى وسراة، ولا نظير لهما.

And they are 'sādah', its form is 'fa'alah' with vowelization, because the form of 'sayyid' is 'fay'il', and it is like 'sarā' and 'sarāh', and they have no parallel.

يدل على ذلك أنه يجمع على سيائدة بالهمز، مثل أفيل وأفائلة، وتبيع وتبائعة.

This is indicated by the fact that it is pluralized as 'sayā'idah' with hamza, like 'afīl' and 'afā'ilah', and 'tabī'' and 'tabā'i'ah'.

وقال أهل البصرة: تقدير سيد فيعل، وجمع على فعلة، كأنهم جمعوا سائدا مثل قائد وقادة، وذائد وذادة.

And the people of Basra said: The form of 'sayyid' is 'fay'il', and it is pluralized as 'fa'alah', as if they pluralized 'sā'id' like 'qā'id' and 'qādah', and 'dhā'id' and 'dhādah'.

والدال في سودد زائدة للالحاق ببناء فعلل مثل جندب وبرقع.

And the 'dāl' in 'sawdad' is extra for the purpose of conforming to the 'fa'lal' pattern, like 'jundab' and 'burqu''.

وتقول: سوده قومه.

And you say: His people 'sawwada'hu (made him leader).

وهو أسود من فلان، أي أجل منه.

And he is 'aswad' than so-and-so, meaning more noble than him.

يقال هذا سيد قومه اليوم، فإذا أخبرت أنه عن قليل يكون سيدهم قلت: هو سائد قومه عن قليل، وسيد.

It is said, 'This is the leader of his people today.' If you inform that he will be their leader shortly, you say: 'He is the leader of his people in a short while, and a leader.'

أساد الرجل وأسود بمعنى، أي ولد غلاما سيدا، وكذلك إذا ولد غلاما أسود اللون.

A man 'asāda' and 'aswada' mean the same, i.e., he was born a son who is a leader, and likewise if he was born a son of dark color.

استاد القوم بني فلان، أي قتلوا سيدهم، وكذلك إذا أسروه، أو خطبوا إليه.

The people 'astāda' the family of so-and-so, meaning they killed their leader, and likewise if they captured him, or proposed to (his daughter).

وقد اسود الشئ اسوداد ا، واسواد اسويدادا.

And the thing became black, with blackness, and 'aswadda' with 'uswaydidād'.

والأمر منه اسوأدد، وإن شئت أدغمت.

And the imperative from it is 'aswaddid', and if you wish, you can assimilate.

وتصغير الأسود أسيد، وإن شئت أسيود، أي قد قارب السواد.

And the diminutive of 'aswad' is 'usayyid', or if you wish 'usayywd', meaning it has approached blackness.

والأسودان: التمر والماء.

And the 'aswadān': dates and water.

والوطأة السوداء: الدراسة، والحمراء: الجديدة.

And the black tread: the study, and the red: the new.

والأسود: العظيم من الحيات، وفيه سواد، والجمع الأساود، لأنه اسم، ولو كان صفة لجمع على فعل.

And 'al-aswad': the great one of serpents, and it has blackness, and the plural is 'al-asāwid', because it is a noun; if it were an adjective, it would be pluralized as 'af'al'.

والأنثى أسودة، ولا توصف بسالخة.

And the female is 'aswada', and is not described as 'salikhah' (shedding).

وسودت الإبل تسويدا، وهو أن تدق المسح البالي من شعر فتداوي به أدبارها.

And the camels were treated ('sawwada') with 'taswīd', which is to pound old mats of hair and treat their hindquarters with it.

والسواد: الشخص، والجمع أسودة، ثم الأساود جمع الجمع.

And 'sawād': the person, and the plural is 'aswida', then 'al-asāwid' is the plural of the plural.

يعني بالأساود شخوص القتلى.

He means by 'asāwid' the figures of the slain.

وسواد الأمير: ثقله.

And the 'sawād' of the prince: his retinue.

ولفلان سواد، أي مال كثير، حكاه أبو عبيد.

And so-and-so has 'sawād', meaning abundant wealth, as narrated by Abu Ubaid.

وسواد الكوفة والبصرة: قراهما.

And the 'sawād' of Kufa and Basra: their provinces.

وسواد القلب: حبته، وكذلك أسوده وسوداؤه، وسويداؤه.

And the 'sawād' of the heart: its core, and likewise its 'aswad', its 'sawdā', and its 'suwaydā'.

وسواد الناس: عامتهم، وكل عدد كثير.

And the 'sawād' of the people: their generality, and every large number.

والسود بفتح السين في شعر خداش ابن زهير العامري: لهم حبق والسود بينى وبينهم يدى لكم والزائرات المحصبا.

And 'al-sūd' with fatha on the sin in the poetry of Khidash ibn Zuhayr Al-Amiri: 'They have basil, and the 'sūd' are between me and them, my hands for you and the visiting women of Muhassab.'

هو جبال قيس.

It is the mountains of Qays.

والسواد: السرار.

And 'al-sawād': the secret.

تقول: ساودته مساودة وسوادا، أي ساررته، وأصله إدناء سوادك من سواده، وهو الشخص.

You say: I 'sāwada' him, 'musāwada' and 'sawādan', meaning I confided in him, and its origin is bringing your person close to his person.

وقيل لابنة الخس: لم زنيت وأنت سيدة نساء قومك؟ قالت: قرب الوساد، وطول السواد.

It was said to the daughter of Al-Khass: 'Why did you commit adultery when you are the lady of your people?' She said: 'Proximity of the pillow, and length of the 'sawād' (darkness/loneliness).

والسيد: الذئب، يقال سيد رمل، والجمع السيدان، والأنثى سيدة عن الكسائي.

And 'al-sayyid': the wolf, it is said 'sayyid raml', and the plural is 'al-sayyidān', and the female is 'sayyidah' according to Al-Kisa'i.

وربما سمي به الأسد.

And sometimes the lion is named by it.

كالسيد ذي اللبدة المستأسد الضارى.

Like the lion with the mane, the ferocious, the predatory.

والسيدان: اسم أكمة.

And 'al-sayyidān': the name of a hill.

كأن قرا السيدان في الآل غدوة قرا حبشي في ركابين واقف.

As if the tops of Al-Sayyidān in the mirage at dawn were the tops of an Abyssinian in two camels standing.

سواء عليه شاة عام دنت له، ليذبحها للضيف أم شاة سيد.

It is the same to him whether a year-old sheep is brought near for him to slaughter for the guest, or a sheep of a 'sayyid' (a mature sheep).

وجاء فلان بغنمه سود البطون، وجاء بها حمر الكلى، معناهما مهازيل.

And so-and-so came with his sheep having black bellies (emaciated), and he brought them with red kidneys (fat), meaning they were emaciated.