ءذا

Root entry · 2 derived lemmas

This root primarily deals with temporal and conditional particles, often indicating surprise, suddenness, or a specific point in time. It encompasses conjunctions used to introduce clauses, marking past, present, or future events, and signifying unexpected occurrences.

Derived headwords

إذاparticle

1.
when (surprise)both
Used to indicate surprise or suddenness, typically introducing nominal sentences and not requiring a response. It signifies the present moment.
2.
when (future)both
A temporal adverb indicating a future time, often used in conditional sentences.
3.
when (past)both
A temporal adverb indicating a past event, often used in conditional or narrative contexts.

خرجت فإذا الأسد بالباب — I went out and suddenly the lion was at the door

فإذا هي حية تسعى — Then behold, it was a serpent, slithering

وإذا رأوا تجارة أو لهوا انفضوا إليها — And when they see merchandise or a diversion, they turn toward it

إذparticle

1.
when (past)both
A particle used to refer to past time, often introducing clauses.
2.
when (surprise)classical
Can also be used to indicate surprise, especially when following phrases like 'bayna wa baynama' (meanwhile).

والليل إذا يغشى — And by the night as it envelops

والنجم إذا هوى — And by the star when it falls

وهي التي تكون بعد بينا وبينما — And it is that which occurs after 'meanwhile'

Parallel reading

إذا: تكون للمفاجأة فتختص بالجمل الاسمية، ولا تحتاج لجواب، ولا تقع في الابتداء، ومعناها الحال

Ifa: it is for surprise, so it is specific to nominal sentences, does not need a response, does not occur at the beginning, and its meaning is the present state.

كخرجت فإذا الأسد بالباب

Like: I went out and suddenly the lion was at the door.

{فإذا هي حية تسعى}

{Then behold, it was a serpent, slithering}

الأخفش: حرف.

Al-Akhfash: a particle.

المبرد: ظرف مكان.

Al-Mubarrid: an adverb of place.

الزجاج: ظرف زمان تدل على زمان مستقبل، وتجيء للماضي

Al-Zajjaj: an adverb of time indicating a future time, and it comes for the past.

{وإذا رأوا تجارة أو لهوا، انفضوا إليها}

{And when they see merchandise or a diversion, they turn toward it}

وللحال: وذلك بعد القسم: {والليل إذا يغشى}

And for the present state: and that is after an oath: {And by the night as it envelops}

{والنجم إذا هوى}

{And by the star when it falls}

وناصبها شرطها، أو ما في جوابها من فعل أو شبهه.

And its object is its condition, or what is in its response of a verb or its like.

وإذ: لما مضى من الزمان، وقد تكون للمفاجأة، وهي التي (تكون) بعد بينا وبينما.

And Idh: for what has passed of time, and it may be for surprise, and it is that which (occurs) after 'meanwhile'.