ءن

Root entry · 8 derived lemmas

This root primarily deals with conditional and negating particles, often introducing clauses. It encompasses variations in meaning from conditionality and negation to emphasis and affirmation, with specific grammatical behaviors depending on whether it is lightened or intensified.

Derived headwords

إنْparticle

1.
ifboth
A conditional particle used to introduce a hypothetical clause, often followed by a verb in the jussive mood.
2.
whetherclassical
Used in indirect questions to express doubt or uncertainty.

إنَّparticle

1.
indeedboth
An emphatic particle that introduces a nominal or verbal sentence, asserting the truth of the statement.
2.
verilyclassical
Used for strong affirmation and emphasis.

إلاparticle

1.
unlessboth
A conditional particle, often used in conjunction with 'إنْ', meaning 'if not'.
2.
exceptboth
Used for exclusion or exception.
3.
butboth
Used to negate a preceding statement or to introduce an exception.

أنْparticle

1.
to (infinitive marker)both
A particle that introduces a subjunctive verb, functioning similarly to an infinitive in English.
2.
thatboth
Used to introduce a subordinate clause, often after verbs of knowing, saying, or thinking.

أَنَّparticle

1.
thatboth
A particle that introduces a nominal sentence, functioning similarly to 'إنَّ' but often after verbs of knowing or perceiving.

إنْ (مخففة)particle

1.
if (lightened)classical
The lightened form of 'إنَّ', which loses its emphatic meaning and functions as a conditional particle.
2.
that (lightened)classical
The lightened form of 'أنَّ', which loses its emphatic meaning and functions as a conjunction introducing a clause.

إنْ (زائدة)particle

1.
added (particle)classical
An optional particle that can be added for stylistic emphasis or to connect clauses, without significantly altering the meaning.

قدْparticle

1.
indeed (affirmative)both
A particle used to affirm or emphasize a statement, often preceding a verb.
2.
has/have (perfective)both
Indicates that an action has already occurred or is completed.

Parallel reading

إن المكسورة الخفيفة: تكون شرطية

The kasra-ed lightened 'inna': it is conditional.

إن ينتهوا، يغفر لهم ما قد سلف

If they cease, what has passed shall be forgiven them.

وإن تعودوا، نعد

And if you return, We will return.

وإن تعودوا، نعد

And if you return, We will return.

وقد تقترن بلا، فيظن الغر أنها إلا الاستثنائية

And it may be conjoined with 'la', so the ignorant assume it is the exceptional 'illa'.

إلا تنصروه، فقد نصره الله

If you do not aid him, Allah has already aided him.

إلا تنفروا يعذبكم

If you do not march forth, He will punish you.

وتكون نافية، وتدخل على الجملة الاسمية

And it is negating, and it enters upon the nominal sentence.

إن الكافرون إلا في غرور

The disbelievers are not but in delusion.

والفعلية: {إن أردنا إلا الحسنى}

And the verbal sentence: 'We intended not, except the best'.

إن كل نفس لما عليها حافظ

There is not a soul but that over it is a guardian.

إن عندكم من سلطان بهذا

You have no authority for this.

قل إن أدري أقريب ما توعدون

Say, 'I do not know if what you are promised is near'.

وتكون مخففة عن الثقيلة، فتدخل على الجملتين

And it is lightened from the heavy one, so it enters upon both sentences.

وحيث وجدت إن وبعدها لام مفتوحة، فاحكم بأن أصلها التشديد

And wherever you find 'inna' and after it an open 'lam', then judge that its origin is the intensified form.

وتكون زائدة، كقوله: ما إن أتيت بشيء أنت تكرهه

And it is superfluous, as in his saying: 'I did not bring anything you dislike'.

وتكون بمعنى: قد، قيل: ومنه: {إن نفعت الذكرى}

And it means: 'qad', it is said: and from this is: 'Whether the reminder benefits'.

واتقوا الله إن كنتم مؤمنين

And fear Allah if you are believers.

لتدخلن المسجد الحرام إن شاء الله آمنين

You will surely enter the Sacred Mosque, if Allah wills, in safety.

اتغضب إن أذنا قتيبة حزتا

Would you be angry if Qutaybah's two ears were cut off?