منذ

Root entry · 20 derived lemmas

This root primarily concerns temporal particles indicating past time, duration, or a point in time. It encompasses variations of 'since' and 'ago', functioning as prepositions, adverbs, or parts of nominal sentences, with nuances for past and present contexts.

Derived headwords

مُنْذُparticle

1.
since (past)both
A particle used to indicate a point in the past from which an event or state began. It functions similarly to 'since' in English when referring to past time.
2.
for (duration)both
Can also indicate a duration of time in the past, functioning like 'for' in English when specifying a period.

ما رأيته منذ يوم الخميس — I have not seen him since Thursday.

مُذْparticle

1.
since (past)both
A variant of 'منذ', often considered a shortened or lighter form, used to denote a point in the past.
2.
ago (past)both
Can also function to indicate a period of time that has passed, similar to 'ago' in English.

ما زال مذ عقدت يداه إزاره — He has not ceased since his hands tied his garment.

ما زلت أبغي المال مذ أنا يافع — I have been seeking wealth since I was young.

يومnoun

1.
dayboth
A unit of time, typically referring to a 24-hour period or the period of daylight. In this context, it is used with temporal particles to denote specific points or durations in time.

منذ يوم الخميس — since Thursday

منذ يومان — two days ago

يومانnoun

1.
two daysboth
The dual form of 'day', used here to specify a duration of two days in the past.

منذ يومان — two days ago

لقيته منذ يومان — I met him two days ago

أمدnoun

1.
durationboth
The extent of time; a period. Used here to describe the span of time indicated by the temporal particles.

مدةnoun

1.
periodboth
A length or portion of time. Similar to 'أمد', it refers to a span of time.

مالقيتهverb

1.
I did not meet himboth
The first-person singular past tense negative form of the verb 'to meet'.

ما لقيته منذ اليوم — I have not met him today.

لقيتهverb

1.
I met himboth
The first-person singular past tense form of the verb 'to meet'.

لقيته منذ يومان — I met him two days ago.

مازالverb

1.
he has not ceasedboth
The third-person masculine singular past tense negative form of 'زال' (to cease, to stop), indicating continuous action.

مازال مذ عقدت يداه إزاره — He has not ceased since his hands tied his garment.

عقدتverb

1.
he tiedboth
The third-person masculine singular past tense form of the verb 'عقد' (to tie, to knot).

مازال مذ عقدت يداه إزاره — He has not ceased since his hands tied his garment.

يداهnoun

1.
his handsboth
The dual form of 'hand' with the possessive pronoun 'his'.

مازال مذ عقدت يداه إزاره — He has not ceased since his hands tied his garment.

إزارهnoun

1.
his garmentboth
A garment, typically a loincloth or wrap-around skirt, with the possessive pronoun 'his'.

مازال مذ عقدت يداه إزاره — He has not ceased since his hands tied his garment.

مازلتverb

1.
I have not ceasedboth
The first-person singular past tense negative form of 'زال' (to cease, to stop), indicating continuous action.

وما زلت أبغي المال مذ أنا يافع — And I have been seeking wealth since I was young.

أبغيverb

1.
I seekboth
The first-person singular present tense form of the verb 'بغى' (to seek, to desire, to aim for).

وما زلت أبغي المال مذ أنا يافع — And I have been seeking wealth since I was young.

المالnoun

1.
wealthboth
Riches; possessions; money. In this context, it refers to financial resources.

وما زلت أبغي المال مذ أنا يافع — And I have been seeking wealth since I was young.

يافعadjective

1.
youngboth
Youthful; adolescent. Refers to a stage of life between childhood and adulthood.

مذ أنا يافع — since I was young.

اليومnoun

1.
todayboth
The current day. Used here with temporal particles.

ما لقيته منذ اليوم — I have not met him today.

ما لقيته مذ اليوم — I have not met him today.

منparticle

1.
fromboth
A preposition indicating origin or starting point. In the context of 'منذ' and 'مذ', it is considered a potential component.

إذparticle

1.
whenboth
A particle used to introduce a temporal clause, often translated as 'when' or 'since'. It is considered a potential component of 'منذ' and 'مذ'.

ذاpronoun

1.
thisboth
A demonstrative pronoun, 'this'. It is considered a potential component of 'منذ' and 'مذ' in some etymological theories.

Parallel reading

مُنْذُ، بسيط، مبني على الضم، ومذ، محذوف منه، مبني على السكون، وتكسر ميمهما، ويليهما اسم مجرور، وحينئذ: حرفا جر بمعنى" من" في الماضي، و"في" في الحاضر، ومن وإلى جميعا في المعدود، ك: ما رأيته منذ يوم الخميس

Mundhu, simple, built on damma, and mudh, with its ha' removed, built on sukun, and their mim is kasra-ed, and they are followed by a genitive noun, and in that case: two prepositions meaning 'from' in the past, and 'in' in the present, and 'min' and 'ila' both in the counted, like: I have not seen him since Thursday.

واسم مرفوع: ك منذ يومان، وحينئذ: مبتدآن، ما بعدهما خبر، ومعناهما: الأمد في الحاضر والمعدود، وأول المدة في الماضي، أو ظرفان مخبر بهما عما بعدهما، ومعناهما: بين وبين، كلقيته منذ يومان، أي: بيني وبين لقائه يومان

And a nominative noun: like 'mundhu yawman', and in that case: two mubtada's, what follows them is the khabar, and their meaning: the duration in the present and the counted, and the beginning of the period in the past, or two adverbs reported by what follows them, and their meaning: between and between, like 'I met him mundhu yawman', meaning: between me and meeting him are two days.

وتليهما الجملة الفعلية نحو: مازال مذ عقدت يداه إزاره أو الاسمية: وما زلت أبغي المال مذ أنا يافع

And they are followed by a verbal sentence like: 'ma zala mudh 'aqadat yadahu izarahu' or a nominal sentence: 'wa ma ziltu abghi al-mala mudh ana yafi'un'.

وحينئذ: ظرفان مضافان إلى الجملة، أو إلى زمان مضاف إليها، وقيل: مبتدآن.

And in that case: two adverbs added to the sentence, or to a time added to it, and it was said: two mubtada's.

وأصل مذ: منذ، لرجوعهم إلى ضم ذال مذ عند ملاقاة الساكنين، كمذ اليوم، ولولا أن الأصل الضم لكسروا، ولتصغيرهم إياه منيذ، أو إذا كانت مذ اسما فأصلها منذ، أو حرفا فهي أصل، ويقال: ما لقيته منذ اليوم، ومذ اليوم، بفتح ذالهما، أو أصلها: "من" الجارة، و"ذو" بمعنى الذي، أو "من إذ"، حذفت الهمزة، فالتقى ساكنان، فضم الذال، أو أصلها: "من ذا"، اسم إشارة، فالتقدير في "مارأيته مذ يومان": من ذا الوقت يومان، وفي كل تعسف.

And the origin of 'mudh' is 'mundhu', because they revert to the dammah of the 'dhal' of 'mudh' when meeting two sakin letters, like 'mudh al-yawm', and if the origin were not dammah, they would have kasra-ed it, and because they diminutive it to 'munaydh', or if 'mudh' is a noun, its origin is 'mundhu', or if it is a particle, it is the origin. And it is said: 'I did not meet him mundhu al-yawm', and 'mudh al-yawm', with their 'dhal' opened (fatha), or its origin is: the preposition 'min', and 'dhu' meaning 'who', or 'min idh', the hamza is deleted, so two sakin letters meet, so the 'dhal' is dammah-ed, or its origin is: 'min dha', a demonstrative pronoun, so the estimation in 'I did not see him mudh yawman' is: from this time are two days, and in all cases it is an imposition.