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ءيا

Root entry · 8 derived lemmas

This root primarily deals with pronouns and demonstratives, specifically the pronoun 'iyyāka' and its variations. It explores their grammatical function, origin, and usage in various contexts, including direct address, emphasis, and warning.

Derived headwords

إِيَّاكَpronoun
  1. 1.
    you (accusative)both

    A pronoun used in the accusative case, often for emphasis or when the verb cannot directly take a pronoun suffix.

  2. 2.
    beware ofboth

    Used in a warning construction, meaning 'beware of' or 'avoid'.

إياك والأسد — Beware of the lion.
إياك نعبد — You (alone) we worship.
إِيَّاهُpronoun
  1. 1.
    him (accusative)both

    The accusative pronoun for the third-person masculine singular, used for emphasis.

إياك وإياه — You and him.
إِيَّايَpronoun
  1. 1.
    me (accusative)both

    The accusative pronoun for the first-person singular, used for emphasis.

ضربت إياي — I hit me (emphatic).
إياي وكذا — Keep that away from me.
إِيَّانَاpronoun
  1. 1.
    us (accusative)both

    The accusative pronoun for the first-person plural, used for emphasis.

هِيَاكَpronoun
  1. 1.
    you (accusative, variant)classical

    A variant form of 'iyyāka', often considered a substitution for the 'kāf' in 'iyyāka'.

  2. 2.
    beware of (variant)classical

    A variant form used in warning constructions.

فهياك والأمر الذي إن توسعت ... موارده، ضاقت عليك مصادره — So beware of the matter whose sources, if they widened... its outlets narrowed upon you.
أَيَّاكَpronoun
  1. 1.
    you (accusative, variant)classical

    A variant pronunciation or spelling of 'iyyāka', with an open 'alif' instead of 'hamza'.

أَيَّاparticle
  1. 1.
    hark!classical

    A vocative particle used to call or warn, similar to 'hark!' or 'hey!'.

إذا قال حادينا: أيا، عجست بنا — When our guide said: Hark!, you made us falter.
أَيَّايَاparticle
  1. 1.
    hark!classical

    A particle used for driving or urging animals, similar to 'hark!' or 'come on!'.

إذا قال حاديهم: أيايا، اتقيته — When their guide said: Ayaaya, I avoided him.

Parallel reading

إياك وأن تفعل ذلك
Beware of doing that.
الهاء على البدل مثل أراق وهراق
The 'hā'' is a substitute, like 'arāqa' and 'harāqa'.
فهياك والأمر الذي إن توسعت ... موارده، ضاقت عليك مصادره
So beware of the matter whose sources, if they widened... its outlets narrowed upon you.
ضاقت عليك المصادر
The sources narrowed upon you.
يا خال، هلا قلت، إذ أعطيتني، ... هياك هياك وحنواء العنق
O uncle, why didn't you say, when you gave me... 'Beware, beware, and the curve of the neck'?
الممتنع عند النحويين إياك الأسد، لا بد فيه من الواو
What is prohibited by the grammarians is 'iyyāka al-asad' (you and the lion), the 'wāw' is necessary in it.
فأما إياك أن تفعل فجائز على أن تجعله مفعولا من أجله أي مخافة أن تفعل
But as for 'iyyāka an taf'ala' (you doing), it is permissible by considering it as a maf'ul li-ajlihi, meaning 'out of fear of doing'.
إيا اسم مبهم ويتصل به جميع المضمرات المتصلة التي للنصب
'Iyyā' is an ambiguous noun to which all attached pronouns of the accusative case are connected.
وجعلت الكاف والهاء والياء والنون بيانا عن المقصود ليعلم المخاطب من الغائب، ولا موضع لها من الإعراب
And the 'kāf', 'hā'', 'yā'', and 'nūn' were made as clarification for the intended person, so that the addressee is known from the absent one, and they have no grammatical position.
فإذا بلغ الرجل الستين فإياه وإيا الشواب
When a man reaches sixty, then 'iyyāhu wa iyyā ash-shawābbi' (he and young women).
فأما قول ذي الإصبع العدواني: كأنا يوم قرى ... إنما نقتل إيانا قتلنا منهم كل ... فتى أبيض حسانا
As for the saying of Dhu al-Isba' al-'Adwani: As if we on the day of the feast... we only kill us, we killed from them every... handsome young man.
فإنه إنما فصلها من الفعل لأن العرب لا توقع فعل الفاعل على نفسه بإيصال الكناية، لا تقول قتلتني، إنما تقول قتلت نفسي
He separated it from the verb because the Arabs do not direct the verb of the subject upon themselves by attaching the pronoun; you do not say 'I killed me', you only say 'I killed myself'.
وقد تكون للتحذير، تقول: إياك والأسد
And it can be used for warning, you say: 'Iyyāka wa al-asad' (Beware of the lion).
إياك نعبد
You (alone) we worship.
فإياه وإيا الشواب يا هذا
So beware of him and young women, O you.
إياك وزيدا
Beware of Zayd.
فإياك إياك المراء، فإنه ... إلى الشر دعاء، وللشر جالب
Beware, beware of contention, for it... calls to evil, and brings evil.
كانت إياها
It was it (referring to the same state).
إياي وكذا
Keep that away from me.
أيايا
Hark!