كلا

Root entry · 18 derived lemmas

This root primarily deals with the concept of duality and pairing, specifically referring to 'both' of two things. It also extends to related concepts like the kidneys, and in a less common usage, the lower part of a cloud or a specific type of leather pouch.

Derived headwords

كِلَاparticle

1.
both (of two)both
A particle used to indicate both of two entities, functioning similarly to 'both' in English. It is indeclinable when followed by a manifest noun, taking an alif in all cases, but takes a ya' in the genitive and accusative when followed by a pronoun.

كِلْتَاparticle

1.
both (feminine)both
The feminine counterpart to 'kila', used to indicate both of two feminine entities. It follows similar grammatical rules regarding declension.

كُلّparticle

1.
allboth
A particle signifying totality or entirety, referring to the whole of a group or set.

كِلْتَانِname

1.
Kiltanclassical
A proper name, possibly derived from 'kilta', used for a male, though its usage is debated.

كِلْيَةnoun

1.
kidneyboth
One of the two bean-shaped organs in the abdominal cavity that excrete urine.
2.
pouchclassical
A leather pouch, particularly one used for a waterskin or a small bag.
3.
lower part of a cloudclassical
The underside or lower section of a cloud.
4.
part of a bowclassical
A specific part of a bow, possibly the lower section or where the string is attached.

كُلْيَتَانnoun

1.
two kidneysboth
The dual form referring to both kidneys.

كُلَىnoun

1.
kidneysboth
The plural form of 'kilya', referring to the kidneys.
2.
pouchesclassical
The plural of 'kilya' when referring to leather pouches.
3.
lower parts of cloudsclassical
The plural of 'kilya' when referring to the undersides of clouds.

كَلَأَverb

1.
to guardclassical
To protect, watch over, or keep safe.

يَكْلَأُverb

1.
he guardsclassical
Present tense of the verb 'to guard'.

كِلَاءًnoun

1.
guardingclassical
The act of guarding or protection.

مَكْلُوءadjective

1.
guardedclassical
Protected or watched over.

كَلِيَverb

1.
to be injured in the kidneyclassical
To suffer an injury to the kidney.

اِكْتَلَىverb

1.
to injure the kidneyclassical
To inflict an injury upon the kidney.
2.
to suffer painclassical
To experience pain or distress, metaphorically related to kidney injury.

مَكْلِيّadjective

1.
having an injured kidneyclassical
Describing someone or something that has suffered a kidney injury.

كَلْوَةnoun

1.
kidney (Yemeni dialect)classical
A dialectal variant for 'kidney', specifically used by the people of Yemen.

كُلْوِيّadjective

1.
related to the kidneyclassical
Pertaining to or derived from the kidney.

كِلْيَانname

1.
Kilyanclassical
The name of a place.

كِلْيَةname

1.
Kilyaclassical
The name of a place.

Parallel reading

كلا كلمة مصوغة للدلالة على اثنين، كما أن كلا مصوغة للدلالة على الجمع

Kila is a word formed to denote two, just as kull is formed to denote a group.

وليست كلا من لفظ كل، كل صحيحة وكلا معتلة

And kila is not from the same root as kull; kull is sound, and kila is defective.

ويقال للأنثيين كلتا، وبهذه التاء حكم على أن ألف كلا منقلبة عن واو

And for the feminine dual, it is said 'kilta', and by this ta' it is judged that the alif of kila is inverted from a waw.

فإن قال قائل فلم صار كلا بالياء في النصب والجر مع المضمر ولزمت الألف مع المظهر كما لزمت في الرفع مع المضمر؟

If someone asks, 'Why does kila become with a ya' in the accusative and genitive with a pronoun, while the alif remains with a manifest noun, just as it remained in the nominative with a pronoun?'

من حقها أن تكون بالألف على كل حال مثل عصا ومعى

It is its right to be with an alif in all situations, like 'asa (staff) and ma'a (intestines).

إلا أنها لما كانت لا تنفك من الإضافة شبهت بعلى ولدى

However, because it is never separated from being in an idafa construction, it was likened to 'ala (upon) and laday (with).

فجعلت بالياء مع المضمر في النصب والجر، لأن على لا تقع إلا منصوبة أو مجرورة ولا تستعمل مرفوعة

So it was made with a ya' with a pronoun in the accusative and genitive, because 'ala is only used in the accusative or genitive and is not used in the nominative.

فبقيت كلا في الرفع على أصلها مع المضمر، لأنها لم تشبه بعلى في هذه الحال

So kila remained in the nominative in its original form with a pronoun, because it was not likened to 'ala in this situation.

وأما كلتا التي للتأنيث فإن سيبويه يقول ألفها للتأنيث والتاء بدل من لام الفعل، وهي واو والأصل كلوا

As for kilta, which is for the feminine, Sibawayh says its alif is for femininity and the ta' is a substitute for the verb's lam, which is a waw, and the original is 'kiluwa'.

وإنما أبدلت تاء لأن في التاء علم التأنيث، والألف في كلتا قد تصير ياء مع المضمر فتخرج عن علم التأنيث

It was only substituted with a ta' because the ta' is a sign of femininity, and the alif in kilta can become a ya' with a pronoun, thus departing from being a sign of femininity.

فصار في إبدال الواو تاء تأكيد للتأنيث

So, in the substitution of the waw with a ta', it became an emphasis for femininity.

كلتا الجنتين آتت أكلها ، ولم يقل آتتا

Both of the two gardens brought forth their fruit, and He did not say 'they both brought forth'.

مررت بكلا الرجلين، وجاءني كلا الرجلين، فاستوى في كلا إذا أضفتها إلى ظاهرين الرفع والنصب والخفض

I passed by both of the two men, and both of the two men came to me; thus, kila is the same when you add it to manifest nouns in the nominative, accusative, and genitive.

فإذا كنوا عن مخفوضها أجروها بما يصيبها من الإعراب فقالوا أخواك مررت بكليهما

And when they refer to its genitive case, they treat it according to the case it incurs, so they say 'your two brothers, I passed by both of them'.