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عدا

Root entry · 16 derived lemmas

The root عدا (ʿadā) primarily relates to concepts of exceeding, surpassing, and transgressing boundaries. It also encompasses meanings of grazing, moving, and the passage of time or events, often with a sense of natural progression or inevitable occurrence. Additionally, it denotes ancientness and lineage.

Derived headwords

عَدَاverb
  1. 1.
    to exceed, surpassboth

    To go beyond a limit, to transgress or overstep a boundary, whether physical, metaphorical, or moral.

  2. 2.
    to grazeclassical

    Used to describe livestock, particularly camels, feeding on vegetation, especially a specific type of palatable plant.

  3. 3.
    to pass by, move beyondboth

    To move past something or someone, often implying a change in state or a departure from a previous condition.

  4. 4.
    to attack, assailclassical

    To inflict harm or evil upon someone, to cause them to suffer misfortune.

ما عدا مما بدا؟ — What has turned you away from what was apparent?
ما عداك مما كان بدا لنا من نصرك — What occupied you from our intention to support you?
عَدْوَةnoun
  1. 1.
    type of pastureclassical

    A specific kind of palatable pasture, beloved by camels, often mentioned in the context of grazing.

  2. 2.
    far distanceclassical

    The furthest extent of vision or reach, the farthest point.

ترعى العدوة — It grazes on the 'adwah (a type of pasture).
عَادِيَةadjective
  1. 1.
    ancient, oldclassical

    Referring to something very old, as if attributed to the ancient people of 'Ad.

  2. 2.
    habitual, residentclassical

    Describing livestock, particularly camels, that are accustomed to and remain in a specific area with thorny trees.

  3. 3.
    calamity, misfortuneclassical

    Referring to the unforeseen events or calamities of time.

شجرة عادية — An ancient tree.
الإبل العادية — Camels accustomed to thorny vegetation.
تَعَدَّىverb
  1. 1.
    to find sufficient, to be enrichedclassical

    To find something that suffices, such as food or pasture, thereby negating the need for purchase or additional provision.

  2. 2.
    to transgress, to exceedboth

    To go beyond limits or boundaries, to overstep.

تعدى القوم: وجدوا لبنا يشربونه فأغناهم عن اشتراء اللحم — The people found milk to drink, which sufficed them and made them independent of buying meat.
تعدوا أيضا: وجدوا مراعي لمواشيهم فأغناهم ذلك عن اشتراء العلف لها — They also found pastures for their livestock, which sufficed them and made them independent of buying fodder for them.
تَعَادَىverb
  1. 1.
    to be depleted, to ceaseclassical

    Used in a hypothetical sense, meaning if all the milk were to be gone or cease.

لو تعادى ببكء كل محلوب معناه لو ذهبت ألبانها كلها — If every milch animal were to cease, it would mean all their milk was gone.
عَدَاnoun
  1. 1.
    grazingclassical

    The act of grazing, particularly by camels, on a specific type of pasture.

عَدْوَىnoun
  1. 1.
    infliction of evilclassical

    The act of causing evil or harm to another person, or the state of being afflicted by it.

يعدوني عدوا — He inflicts evil upon me, and I inflict evil upon him.
أَعْدَىverb
  1. 1.
    to inflict evil uponclassical

    To cause someone to suffer evil or misfortune; to transmit harm or a negative quality.

أعدى الناس بشر أي ألزق بهم منه شرا — He inflicted evil upon people, meaning he attached more evil to them than he had.
عَدِيّname
  1. 1.
    tribe nameboth

    The name of a tribe or a lineage, often associated with specific clans or historical figures.

عدي بن كعب بن لؤي — 'Adi son of Ka'b son of Lu'ayy.
عَدْوَانname
  1. 1.
    tribe nameclassical

    The name of a specific Arab tribe, descended from Qays 'Aylan.

عذير الحي من عدوان — A plea for the tribe of 'Idwan.
عَوَادِيnoun
  1. 1.
    calamities of timeclassical

    The unforeseen misfortunes, hardships, or vicissitudes that befall one during life.

عَوَادِي الدَّهْرِ — The calamities of time.
يَعْدُوverb
  1. 1.
    to flow, to runclassical

    Used to describe the movement of water, indicating it is flowing or running.

حتى رأيت الماء يعدو شلا — Until I saw the water flowing rapidly.
مَعْدِيكَرِبname
  1. 1.
    personal nameclassical

    A proper name, often associated with historical figures.

بَنُو عَدَّاءname
  1. 1.
    tribe nameclassical

    The name of a tribe, distinct from Banu 'Adi of Muzaynah.

وبني عداء — And Banu 'Adda'.
عَادِيَاءname
  1. 1.
    place name or lineage nameclassical

    A name possibly referring to a place or a lineage, mentioned in poetry.

بعادياء وبيته — By 'Adiya' and his house.
عَدْوًا بُدْوًاadverbial phrase
  1. 1.
    openly, publiclyclassical

    Describing an action performed in a visible, public, and overt manner.

فعل فلان ذلك الأمر عدوا بدوا — So-and-so did that deed openly and publicly.

Parallel reading

وأمثالها في الواضعات القوامس
And examples like it in the established dictionaries.
ألبان إبل عواد وأوارك
Milk from camels accustomed to thorny bushes and those that graze on 'awārik (a type of plant).
فقربوها إلى الغابة تصيب من أثلها وتعدو في الشجر ؛ يعني الإبل أي ترعى العدوة، وهي الخلة ضرب من المرعى محبوب إلى الإبل.
So they brought them near to the forest so they could reach its tamarisks and graze among the trees; meaning the camels, i.e., they graze on 'adwah, which is a type of pasture beloved by camels.
والعادية من الإبل المقيمة في العضاه لا تفارقها وليست ترعى الحمض
And the 'ādiyah among camels are those resident in thorny trees, not leaving them, and not grazing on saltwort.
وإن لم يدركهم. وفي كتاب علي إلى معاوية: لم يمنعنا قديم عزنا وعادي طولنا على قومك أن خلطناكم بأنفسنا.
Even if they did not live to see them. And in 'Ali's letter to Mu'awiyah: Our ancient honor and the long duration of our dominance over your people did not prevent us from mixing with you by marrying our kin to yours.
وتعدى القوم: وجدوا لبنا يشربونه فأغناهم عن اشتراء اللحم
And the people found milk to drink, which sufficed them and made them independent of buying meat.
وتعدوا أيضا: وجدوا مراعي لمواشيهم فأغناهم ذلك عن اشتراء العلف لها؛
And they also found pastures for their livestock, which sufficed them and made them independent of buying fodder for them;
ولو تعادى ببكء كل محلوب معناه لو ذهبت ألبانها كلها؛
And if every milch animal were to cease, it would mean all their milk was gone;
يرمي بعينيه عدوة الأمد الأبعد، ... هل في مطافه ريب؟
He casts his eyes towards the furthest limit of the distant horizon, ... Is there any doubt in his wandering gaze?
عدوة الأمد مد بصره ينظر هل يرى ريبة تريبه.
The limit of the horizon is the extent of his gaze, looking to see if he perceives any cause for doubt.
عداني منه شر أي بلغني
Evil reached me from him, meaning it reached me.
وعداني فلان من شره بشر يعدوني عدوا؛
And so-and-so inflicted evil upon me from his evil, and I inflicted evil upon him, and he inflicted evil upon me, and I upon him.
وفلان قد أعدى الناس بشر أي ألزق بهم منه شرا، وقد جلست إليه فأعداني شرا أي أصابني بشره.
And so-and-so has inflicted evil upon people, meaning he attached more evil to them than he had; and I sat with him, and he inflicted evil upon me, meaning his evil afflicted me.
عرفتني بالحجاز وأنكرتني بالعراق فما عدا مما بدا؟
You recognized me in the Hijaz and denied me in Iraq, so what has turned you away from what was apparent?
أي ما الذي صرفك ومنعك وحملك على التخلف، بعد ما ظهر منك من التقدم في الطاعة والمتابعة
Meaning, what turned you away, prevented you, and led you to lag behind, after your prior commitment to obedience and following was evident.
ألم يعد الحق من بدأ بالظلم، ولو أراد الإخبار قال: قد عدا من بدانا بالظلم أي قد اعتدى، أو إنما عدا من بدا.
Has the truth not transgressed against him who initiated the injustice? And if he wanted to state it as a fact, he would say: He has transgressed against us who initiated the injustice, meaning he has transgressed, or indeed he transgressed against him who initiated it.
ويقال فعل فلان ذلك الأمر عدوا بدوا أي ظاهرا جهارا.
And it is said: So-and-so did that deed openly and publicly.
وعوادي الدهر: عواقبه؛ قال الشاعر: هجرت غضوب وحب من يتجنب، ... وعدت عواد دون وليك تشعب
And 'awādi al-dahr are its consequences; the poet said: You abandoned the angry one and loved the one who avoids, ... and calamities intervened between you and your beloved, scattering them.
وما شعرت أن ظهري ابتلا، ... حتى رأيت الماء يعدو شلا
And I did not feel that my back was wet, ... until I saw the water flowing rapidly.
وهو عدي بن كعب بن لؤي بن غالب بن فهر بن مالك بن النضر، والنسبة إليه عدوي وعديي، وحجة من أجاز ذلك أن الياء في عدي لما جرت مجرى الصحيح في اعتقاب حركات الإعراب عليها فقالوا عدي وعديا وعدي، جرى مجرى حنيف فقالوا عديي كما قالوا حنفي، فيمن نسب إلى حنيف.
And he is 'Adi son of Ka'b son of Lu'ayy son of Ghalib son of Fihr son of Malik son of al-Nadr, and the nisbah to him is 'Adawi and 'Adiyyi. The argument for those who permit this is that the 'ya' in 'Adi, when it took on the grammatical case endings like a sound letter, they said 'Adi, 'Adiyan, and 'Adiyyan, it followed the pattern of Hanif, so they said Hanifiyyan as they said Hanifiyyan, for one who is attributed to Hanif.
عذير الحي من عدوان، ... كانوا حية الأرض أراد: كانوا حيات الأرض، فوضع الواحد موضع الجمع.
A plea for the tribe of 'Idwan, ... they were the snakes of the earth; he meant: they were the life of the earth, so he used the singular in place of the plural.
بنو العدوية: قوم من حنظلة وتميم.
Banu al-'Adawiyyah: a people from Hanzalah and Tamim.
قال: عداوية، هيهات منك محلها ... إذا ما هي احتلت بقدس وآرة
He said: 'Adawiyyah, far from you is her place ... when she occupies Quds and Arah.
هن ابن الأعرابي؛ وأنشد: ألم تر أننا، وبني عداء، ... توارثنا من الآباء داء؟
This is from Ibn al-A'rabi; and he recited: Have you not seen that we, and Banu 'Adda', ... have inherited a disease from our fathers?
هلا سألت بعادياء وبيته، ... والخل والخمر التي لم تمنع
Why did you not ask about 'Adiya' and his house, ... and the vinegar and wine that were not forbidden?
بنى لي عاديا حصنا حصينا، ... إذا ما سامني ضيم أبيت
He built for me 'Adiyan, a strong fortress, ... if oppression assails me, I remain steadfast.