عدا

Root entry · 22 derived lemmas

The root عدا (ʿadā) primarily concerns the concept of exceeding, surpassing, or going beyond a limit or boundary. This extends to actions like passing over, skipping, or deviating from something, as well as concepts of moving past or leaving behind. It also encompasses notions of opposition, enmity, and mutual action.

Derived headwords

عَدْوَاءnoun

1.
lingering distressclassical
The lingering distress or affliction that remains with someone, often due to intense longing or emotion.

مُتَعَدٍّadjective

1.
transitive (verb)both
A verb that surpasses its direct object and affects another entity, as opposed to an intransitive verb.
2.
exceeding the limitclassical
One who or that which goes beyond a prescribed limit, rule, or obligation.

تَعَدٍّnoun

1.
transgressionboth
The act of exceeding a limit, boundary, or obligation; transgression or going beyond what is required.
2.
vowel movement in rhymeclassical
A specific vowel movement in the final part of a verse, particularly the movement of the 'hā' of a pronoun, which is considered an addition beyond the metrical limit.

عَدَاverb

1.
to pass overboth
To go beyond, surpass, or exceed a limit, boundary, or expectation.
2.
to skipboth
To omit or leave out something, to bypass it.
3.
to deviateboth
To turn aside from a course, path, or intention.
4.
to be enmityclassical
To act as an enemy or be in opposition.

عَدَاparticle

1.
exceptclassical
Used as a particle of exception, similar to 'illa' (إلا), meaning 'except' or 'save'.

عَدَاverb

1.
to pass on (disease)classical
To transmit or pass on a disease or affliction to another.

عَدَّىverb

1.
to make transitiveclassical
To render a verb transitive, causing it to affect an object.
2.
to cause to exceedclassical
To cause something or someone to go beyond a limit or boundary.
3.
to transmit (disease)classical
To cause a disease or affliction to be transmitted to another.
4.
to pass onclassical
To pass something on to someone else, to convey.

عَدْوَىnoun

1.
contagionboth
The transmission of a disease or affliction from one person or animal to another; contagion.
2.
mutual afflictionclassical
A state where one person or animal suffers from the same ailment as another.
3.
supportclassical
Help, support, or assistance.

إعْدَاءnoun

1.
transmission of diseaseclassical
The act of transmitting a disease or affliction to another.
2.
strengtheningclassical
The act of making something stronger or more powerful; support.

مُعْدٍadjective

1.
contagiousboth
Capable of being transmitted from one to another; contagious.
2.
transmittingclassical
That which transmits or passes on something, especially a disease.

تَعَادَىverb

1.
to afflict each otherclassical
To suffer from the same ailment or affliction as another.
2.
to die in successionclassical
To die one after another, especially within a short period.

عَدَاءnoun

1.
enmityboth
Hostility, opposition, or antagonism.
2.
successionclassical
A sequence or series of actions or events happening one after another.

مُعَادَاةnoun

1.
enmityboth
The state of being enemies; hostility or opposition.
2.
successionclassical
The act of following one after another; succession.

عَدَّاءnoun

1.
flankclassical
The side or flank of something, such as a mountain, river, or path.
2.
trackclassical
A path or track, especially one that follows the contour of terrain.

عَدْوَةnoun

1.
riverbankboth
The bank or shore of a river or valley.
2.
high groundclassical
An elevated place or a raised area.
3.
distant placeclassical
A place that is far away or remote.

تَعْدَاءnoun

1.
exceedingclassical
A form indicating excessive or extreme exceeding or surpassing.

عَدِيّnoun

1.
sideclassical
The side or flank of a valley or river.

عَدَوِيَّةnoun

1.
summer pastureclassical
Green vegetation that appears after the spring, providing pasture for animals.
2.
young sheepclassical
Young sheep, typically around forty days old.

عَادَىverb

1.
to befriendclassical
To be on friendly terms with someone; to ally or associate with.
2.
to strike successivelyclassical
To strike or hit two things or beings in quick succession.

اسْتَعْدَىverb

1.
to seek helpboth
To ask for or seek help, support, or assistance.
2.
to seek vengeanceclassical
To ask someone to take revenge or seek justice against an oppressor.

عَادِيَةnoun

1.
flankclassical
The side or flank of a mountain, river, or path.
2.
pastureclassical
Pastureland, especially that which is rich in certain plants like 'khulla' or 'hamdh'.

عَادِيَاتnoun

1.
pasture animalsclassical
Animals, particularly camels, that graze on specific types of pasture like 'khulla' or 'hamdh'.

Parallel reading

وعدواء الشوق: ما برح بصاحبه.

And the lingering distress of longing: what remains with its companion.

والمتعدي من الأفعال: ما يجاوز صاحبه إلى غيره.

And the transitive of verbs: what surpasses its subject to something else.

والتعدي في القافية: حركة الهاء التي للمضمر المذكر الساكنة في الوقف؛ والمتعدي الواو التي تلحقه من بعدها كقوله: تنفش منه الخيل ما لا يغزلهو

And transgression in rhyme: the movement of the 'hā' of the silent masculine pronoun at the pause; and the 'wāw' that follows it, like in his saying: the horses stir from it what is not spun.

وعداه إليه: أجازه وأنفذه.

And he conveyed it to him: he approved it and executed it.

ورأيتهم عدا أخاك وما عدا أخاك أي ما خلا

And I saw them except your brother and what is except your brother, meaning 'save'.

تقول جاءني القوم ما عدا زيدا، وجاؤوني عدا زيدا، تنصب ما بعدها بها والفاعل مضمر فيها.

You say: the people came to me, except Zayd, and they came to me, 'adā Zayd, making what follows it accusatory, and the subject is implied within it.

ما رأيت أحدا ما عدا زيدا كقولك ما خلا زيدا، وتنصب زيدا في هذين

I did not see anyone except Zayd, like your saying 'mā khala Zayd', and you make Zayd accusative in these two.

فإذا أخرجت ما خفضت ونصبت فقلت ما رأيت أحدا عدا زيدا وعدا زيد

And if you omit 'mā', you may use genitive or accusative, saying: I did not see anyone 'adā Zayd, and 'adā Zayd.

وعد عنا حاجتك أي اطلبها عند غيرنا فإنا لا نقدر لك عليها

And turn away your need from us, meaning: seek it from someone else, for we cannot fulfill it for you.

ويقال: تعد ما أنت فيه إلى غيره أي تجاوزه.

And it is said: 'taʿuddu mā anta fīhi ilā ghayrihi', meaning: surpass what you are in to something else.

وعد عما أنت فيه أي اصرف همك وقولك إلى غيره.

And turn away from what you are in, meaning: direct your concern and speech to something else.

وعديت عني الهم أي نحيته.

And I pushed away the worry from me, meaning: I removed it.

وتقول لمن قصدك: عد عني إلى غيري

And you say to one who intends you: turn away from me to someone else.

وما عدا فلان أن صنع كذا

And so-and-so did not do such-and-such.

وما لي عن فلان معدى أي لا تجاوز لي إلى غيره ولا قصور دونه.

And I have no escape from so-and-so, meaning: do not go beyond me to someone else, nor is there any deficiency short of him.

وعدوته عن الأمر: صرفته عنه.

And I diverted him from the matter: I turned him away from it.

وعد عما ترى أي اصرف بصرك عنه.

And turn away from what you see, meaning: avert your gaze from it.

أنه أتي بسطيحتين فيهما نبيذ فشرب من إحداهما وعدى عن الأخرى أي تركها لما رابه منها.

That he was brought two skins containing wine, so he drank from one and turned away from the other, meaning he left it due to suspicion about it.

يقال: عد عن هذا الأمر أي تجاوزه إلى غيره

It is said: 'ʿud ʿan hādhā al-amr', meaning: pass over this matter to something else.

والإعداء: إعداء الحرب.

And 'al-iʿdāʾ': the instigation of war.

وأعداه الداء يعديه إعداء: جاوز غيره إليه، وقيل: هو أن يصيبه مثل ما بصاحب الداء.

And the disease transmitted it to him, transmitting it: it surpassed another to him, and it was said: it is that he is afflicted with the same as the one with the disease.

والاسم من كل ذلك العدوى.

And the noun from all of that is 'al-ʿadwā'.

لا عدوى ولا هامة ولا صفر ولا طيرة ولا غول أي لا يعدي شيء شيئا.

There is no contagion, nor owl superstition, nor 'safar', nor omen, nor ghoul, meaning nothing transmits to anything.

والعدوى: أن يكون ببعير جرب مثلا فتتقى مخالطته بإبل أخرى حذار أن يتعدى ما به من الجرب إليها فيصيبها ما أصابه.

And 'al-ʿadwā': is that a camel has scabies, for example, so you avoid mixing it with other camels for fear that the scabies on it will transmit to them and they will be afflicted with what afflicted it.

فمن الذي أعدى البعير الأول أي من أين صار فيه الجرب؟

So who transmitted to the first camel, meaning: from where did the scabies appear in it?

والعدوى أن يكون ببعير جرب أو بإنسان جذام أو برص فتتقي مخالطته أو مؤاكلته حذار أن يعدوه ما به إليك أي يجاوزه فيصيبك مثل ما أصابه.

And 'al-ʿadwā' is that a camel has scabies, or a person has leprosy or vitiligo, so you avoid mixing with it or eating with it for fear that what is on it will transmit to you, meaning it surpasses to you and you are afflicted with the same as what afflicted it.

إن الجرب ليعدي أي يجاوز ذا الجرب إلى من قاربه حتى يجرب

Indeed, scabies transmits, meaning it surpasses the one with scabies to one who is near him until he gets scabies.

وتعادَى القوم أي أصاب هذا مثل داء هذا.

And the people became afflicted with each other, meaning: this one was afflicted with the same disease as that one.

والعدوى: طلبك إلى وال ليعديك على من ظلمك أي ينتقم منه.

And 'al-ʿadwā': is your request to a guardian to avenge you against one who wronged you, meaning to take revenge on him.

وأعداه عليه: نصره وأعانه.

And he supported him against him: he aided and assisted him.

واستعداه: استنصره واستعانه.

And he sought help from him: he sought his support and assistance.

واستعدى عليه السلطان أي استعان به فأنصفه منه.

And he sought the sultan against him, meaning he sought his help and he gave him justice against him.

والهدى يعدي أي إبصارك الطريق يقويك على الطريق ويعينك

And guidance transmits, meaning your seeing the path strengthens you on the path and assists you.

وقد يعدي على النائل الوجد

And desire may be transmitted through a gift.

ويقال: استأداه، بالهمزة، فآداه أي أعانه وقواه

And it is said: he sought help from him, with hamza, and he helped him, meaning he aided and strengthened him.

ويقال: آديتك وأعديتك من العدوى، وهي المعونة.

And it is said: 'ādaytuka' and 'aʿdaytuka' from 'al-ʿadwā', which is assistance.

فعادى عداء بين ثور ونعجة، ... وبين شبوب كالقضيمة قرهب

So he struck successively between a bull and a ewe, ... and between a young camel like a sturdy one.

فعادى عداء بين ثور ونعجة دراكا، ولم ينضح بماء فيغسل

So he struck successively between a bull and a ewe, rapidly, and no water was splashed to wash.

ويقال: عادى بين عشرة من الصيد أي والى بينها قتلا ورميا.

And it is said: he 'ādā between ten of the hunt, meaning he followed them in killing and shooting.

وتعادَى القوم على نصرهم أي توالوا وتتابعوا.

And the people followed each other in their support, meaning they came one after another.

وعداء كل شيء وعداؤه وعدوته وعدوته وعدوه: طواره، وهو ما انقاد معه من عرضه وطوله

And the flank of everything, and its flank, and its side, and its side, and its enemy: its parallel, which is what follows it in its width and length.

بكت عيني، وحق لها البكاء، ... وأحرقها المحابش والعداء

My eyes wept, and it is right for them to weep, ... and the hardships and the flanks burned them.

خبي، فليس إلى عثمان مرتجع ... إلا العداء، وإلا مكنع ضرر

Go swiftly, for there is no return to Uthman ... except the flank, and except a protective enclosure of harm.

ويقال: لزمت عداء النهر وعداء الطريق والجبل أي طواره.

And it is said: 'lazimta ʿadāʾ an-nahr wa ʿadāʾ aṭ-ṭarīq wal-jabal', meaning: follow its flank.

وهو أن تأخذه لا تظلمه.

And it is that you take it without wronging it.

ويقال: خذ عداء الجبل أي خذ في سنده تدور فيه حتى تعلوه، وإن استقام فيه أيضا فقد أخذ عداءه.

And it is said: 'khudh ʿadāʾ al-jabal', meaning: take its slope, you circle on it until you ascend it, and if it is straight, you have taken its flank.

فأجاب: أيهما كان ولا عداء؛ معناه لا بد من أحدهما ولا يكونن ثالث.

So he replied: whichever it is, and no third; meaning one of them is necessary, and let there not be a third.

والأكحل عرق عداء الساعد.

And the 'akḥal' is a vein running along the flank of the forearm.

والعدى والعدا: الناحية؛ الأخيرة عن كراع، والجمع أعداء.

And 'al-ʿadā' and 'al-ʿadā': the side; the latter from Kara', and the plural is 'aʿdā'.

والعدوة: المكان المتباعد؛ عن كراع.

And 'al-ʿudwah': the distant place; from Kara'.

والعدوة: سند الوادي، قال: ومن الشاذ قراءة قتادة: إذ أنتم بالعدوة الدنيا.

And 'al-ʿudwah': the slope of the valley, he said: and from the irregular readings is Qatadah's: 'when you were on the lower bank'.

إذ أنتم بالعدوة الدنيا وهم بالعدوة القصوى ؛ قال الفراء: العدوة شاطئ الوادي، الدنيا مما يلي المدينة، والقصوى مما يلي مكة

When you were on the lower bank, and they were on the farther bank; Al-Farra' said: 'al-ʿudwah' is the bank of the valley, the lower one being nearer to the city, and the farther one nearer to Mecca.

لو كانت لك إبل فهبطت واديا له عدوتان ؛ العدوة، بالضم والكسر: جانب الوادي

If you had camels and they descended into a valley with two banks; 'al-ʿudwah', with damma and kasra: the side of the valley.

وعادى شعره: أخذ منه.

And he 'ādā his hair: he took from it.

إن تحت كل شعرة لا يصيبها الماء جنابة، فمن ثم عاديت رأسي كما ترون ؛ التفسير لشمر: معناه أنه طمه واستأصله ليصل الماء إلى أصول الشعر

Indeed, under every hair that water does not reach is ritual impurity, so from then I 'ādātu my head as you see; Shammar's explanation: meaning he flattened it and removed it so that water could reach the roots of the hair.

وقال غيره: عاديت رأسي أي جفوت شعره ولم أدهنه،

And others said: 'ʿādaytu raʾsī', meaning I neglected its hair and did not anoint it.

وقيل: عاديت رأسي أي عاودته بوضوء وغسل.

And it was said: 'ʿādaytu raʾsī', meaning I repeated washing it with ablution and rinsing.

عادى شعره رفعه ، حكاه الهروي في الغريبين، وفي التهذيب: رفعه عند الغسل.

He 'ādā his hair: he raised it, narrated by Al-Harawi in Al-Gharibayn, and in Al-Tahdhib: he raised it during washing.

وعاديت الوسادة أي ثنيتها.

And I 'ādaytu the cushion, meaning I folded it.

وعاديت الشيء: باعدته.

And I 'ādaytu the thing: I moved it away.

وتعاديت عنه أي تجافيت.

And I 'taʿaddaytu' from it, meaning I distanced myself.

فلان ما يعاديني ولا يواديني؛ قال: لا يعاديني أي لا يجافيني، ولا يواديني أي لا يواتيني.

So-and-so does not 'yuʿādinī' nor 'yuwādinī'; he said: he does not 'yuʿādinī', meaning he does not distance himself, and he does not 'yuwādinī', meaning he does not agree with me.

والعدوية: الشجر يخضر بعد ذهاب الربيع.

And 'al-ʿadawiyyah': trees that turn green after the spring has passed.

أصاب المال عدوية

The livestock found 'al-ʿadawiyyah'.

والعدوية من نبات الصيف بعد ذهاب الربيع أن تخضر صغار الشجر فترعاه الإبل، تقول: أصابت الإبل عدوية

And 'al-ʿadawiyyah' is from the plants of summer after the spring has passed, when small trees turn green and camels graze on them, you say: the camels found 'al-ʿadawiyyah'.

والعدوية الإبل التي ترعى العدوة، وهي الخلة

And 'al-ʿadawiyyah' are the camels that graze on 'al-ʿudwah', which is 'al-khullah'.

والعدوية سخال الغنم، يقال: هي بنات أربعين يوما

And 'al-ʿadawiyyah' are young sheep, it is said: they are forty days old.

تقادع القوم تقادعا وتعادوا تعاديا وهو أن يموت بعضهم في إثر بعض.

The people perished one after another and died in succession, which is that some of them die following others.

وتعادى القوم وتعادت الإبل جميعا أي موتت، وقد تعادت بالقرحة.

And the people and the camels all died, meaning they perished, and they perished from the ulcer.

وتعادَى القوم: مات بعضهم إثر بعض في شهر واحد وعام واحد

And the people died in succession: some of them died after others in one month and one year.

فما لك من أروى تعاديت بالعمى، ... ولاقيت كلابا مطلا وراميا

So what is wrong with you, O Arwa, that you died in succession from blindness, ... and met dogs, looking down and throwing?

والعدوة: الخلة من النبات، فإذا نسب إليها أو رعتها الإبل قيل إبل عدوية على القياس، وإبل عدوية على غير القياس، وعواد على النسب بغير ياء النسب؛ كل ذلك عن ابن الأعرابي.

And 'al-ʿudwah': is the 'khullah' plant, so if it is attributed to it or camels graze on it, they are called 'ibil ʿadawiyyah' by analogy, and 'ibil ʿadawiyyah' not by analogy, and 'iʿwād' by attribution without the 'yā' of attribution; all of that is from Ibn Al-A'rabi.

وإبل عادية وعواد: ترعى الحمض

And 'ibil ʿādiyah' and 'iʿwād': graze on 'al-ḥamdh'.

وإن الذي ينوي من المال أهلها ... أوارك، لما تأتلف، وعوادي

And what its people intend of wealth ... are 'awārik', when they do not associate, and 'iʿwādī.

وإبل عادية ترعى الخلة ولا ترعى الحمض، وإبل آركة وأوارك مقيمة في الحمض

And 'ibil ʿādiyah' graze on 'al-khullah' and not on 'al-ḥamdh', and 'ibil ārikah' and 'awārik' stay in 'al-ḥamdh'.