دنا

Root entry · 33 derived lemmas

This root primarily denotes closeness, proximity, and nearness in both physical and abstract senses. It extends to concepts of kinship, approaching something, and even the idea of being inferior or lowly.

Derived headwords

دَنَاverb

1.
to be nearboth
To approach or be close to something in space, time, or degree.
2.
to draw nearboth
To move closer to something.

دَنَاnoun

1.
nearnessboth
The state or quality of being near or close.

دُنُوٌّnoun

1.
nearnessboth
The state of being close or proximate.
2.
approachingboth
The act of drawing near or coming closer.

دَنَاوَةٌnoun

1.
kinshipboth
A relationship by blood or close connection; kinship or relation.
2.
nearnessboth
The state of being close or intimate.

أَدْنَىverb

1.
to bring nearboth
To cause something to approach or be close.
2.
to lowerboth
To bring something down to a lower position or level.
3.
to bring closerboth
To make something or someone nearer.

أَدْنَىadjective

1.
lowerboth
Being at a lower level, position, or rank.
2.
inferiorboth
Of lesser value, quality, or importance.
3.
nearestboth
Closest in proximity.

اسْتَدْنَىverb

1.
to seek closenessboth
To request or seek to be brought near or to approach.

الدُّنْيَاnoun

1.
this worldboth
The present life, in contrast to the hereafter.
2.
the lowerclassical
Referring to the lowest of the heavens.

دَنِيٌّadjective

1.
lowlyboth
Of low moral character or status; base or mean.
2.
inferiorboth
Of lesser quality or value; base.
3.
nearboth
Close in proximity.

دَنِيءٌadjective

1.
baseboth
Of low moral character; ignoble.
2.
meanboth
Contemptible; ignoble.
3.
inferiorboth
Of low quality or value.

دَنَاءَةٌnoun

1.
basenessboth
The quality of being base, ignoble, or mean.
2.
inferiorityboth
The state of being of low quality or value.

دَانِيَةٌadjective

1.
nearboth
Close by; proximate.
2.
hanging lowboth
Describing something that is close and within reach, often used for fruit or shade.

تَدَنَّىverb

1.
to draw near slightlyboth
To approach or come closer by a small amount.

تَدَانَوْاverb

1.
they drew near each otherboth
To approach one another.

دَانِيَةٌnoun

1.
the lower punishmentclassical
Referring to a lesser or nearer torment, as opposed to a greater one.

دَنِيَّةٌnoun

1.
humiliationboth
A state of being brought low; a base or ignominious condition.
2.
inferiorityboth
A state of being base or ignoble.

مُدْنِيَةٌadjective

1.
approaching childbirthboth
Describing a female animal or woman whose time of delivery is near.

مُدْنِيٌّadjective

1.
deficientboth
Lacking or falling short of what is required or expected.

دَنِيٌّnoun

1.
the lowlyclassical
Those who are base or inferior.

أَدْنَيَاءnoun

1.
the lowlyclassical
Those who are base, weak, or inferior.

دَنِيَverb

1.
to be baseboth
To be of low moral character or status.
2.
to be weakboth
To be feeble or lacking in strength or capability.

دَنَايَةٌnoun

1.
basenessboth
The quality of being base or ignoble.
2.
weaknessboth
The state of being feeble or lacking strength.

دَنِيٌّadjective

1.
nearclassical
Close in proximity.

دَنَاverb

1.
to approach sunsetboth
Describing the sun when it is nearing the time of setting.

أَدْنَتْverb

1.
her delivery nearedboth
Describing a female animal or woman whose time of giving birth is approaching.

دَانَفَverb

1.
to approachclassical
To draw near to something.

دَانِيَةٌverb

1.
to approachclassical
To draw near to something.

دَانِيْتُverb

1.
I approachedclassical
To draw near to something.
2.
I gatheredclassical
To bring things together or unite them.
3.
I tightenedclassical
To make a tether or restraint tighter.

مُدَنِّيَةٌnoun

1.
approaching childbirthboth
Describing a female animal or woman whose time of delivery is near.

دَنِيٌّadjective

1.
deficientclassical
Lacking or falling short of what is required.

دَنِيَverb

1.
to be nearclassical
To be close or proximate.

دَنِيٌّadjective

1.
weakclassical
Feeble or lacking strength.

دَنِيٌّadjective

1.
deficientclassical
Lacking or falling short of what is required.

Parallel reading

دنا الشيء من الشيء دنوا ودناوة: قرب.

Something drew near to something else, with 'dunūwan' and 'danāwah': it was close.

وفي حديث الإيمان: ادنه ؛ هو أمر بالدنو والقرب، والهاء فيه للسكت، وجيء بها لبيان الحركة.

And in the Hadith of Faith: 'Adnuhu'; it is a command for drawing near and closeness, and the 'hā'' is for pause, and it is brought to clarify the vowel.

وبينهما دناوة أي قرابة.

And between them is 'danāwah', meaning kinship.

فرق بين مصدر دنا ومصدر دنؤ، فجعل مصدر دنا دناوة ومصدر دنؤ دناءة

A distinction is made between the masdar of 'danā' and the masdar of 'danu'a', so the masdar of 'danā' is made 'danāwah' and the masdar of 'danu'a' is made 'danā'ah'.

إذا سبل العماء دنا عليه، ... يزل بريده ماء زلول أراد: دنا منه.

When the dust of the clouds falls upon it, ... its water flows easily. He meant: 'danā minhu' (it drew near to it).

إذا أكلتم فسموا الله ودنوا وسمتوا ؛ معنى قوله دنوا كلوا مم يليكم وما دنا منكم وقرب منكم

When you eat, invoke God's name, and 'dunū' and 'samtū'; the meaning of his saying 'dunū' is to eat what is in front of you and what is near and close to you.

واستدناه: طلب منه الدنو

And 'istadnahu': he sought closeness from him.

وسميت الدنيا لدنوها، ولأنها دنت وتأخرت الآخرة، وكذلك السماء الدنيا هي القربى إلينا

And the world is named 'ad-dunyā' because of its nearness, and because it is close while the hereafter is distant, and likewise the lowest heaven is the nearest to us.

ودانية عليهم ظلالها ؛ إنما هو على حذف الموصوف كأنه قال وجزاهم جنة دانية عليهم فحذف جنة وأقام دانية مقامها

And 'dāniyah 'alayhimun zilālahā' (its shades are near to them); it is only on the basis of omitting the described noun, as if he said 'and We recompensed them with a garden near to them', so He omitted 'garden' and put 'dāniyah' in its place.

ودانية عليهم ظلالها ، منصوبة على الحال معطوفة على قوله: متكئين فيها على الأرائك؛ قال: هذا هو القول الذي لا ضرورة فيه

'Dāniyah 'alayhimun zilālahā' (its shades are near to them), is in the accusative case as a circumstantial adverb, coordinated with his saying: 'muttaqi'īna fīhā 'alā al-arā'ik' (reclining therein on couches); he said: this is the interpretation that requires no poetic license.

ودنت الشمس للغروب وأدنت، وأدنت الناقة إذا دنا نتاجها.

And the sun drew near to setting, and 'adnat' (approached), and the she-camel 'adnat' when her delivery neared.

والدنيا: نقيض الآخرة، انقلبت الواو فيها ياء لأن فعلى إذا كانت اسما من ذوات الواو أبدلت واوها ياء

And 'ad-dunyā': the opposite of the hereafter. The 'wāw' in it was changed to a 'yā'' because 'fūlā' when it is a noun derived from a 'wāw' root, its 'wāw' is replaced by a 'yā''.

والجمع دنا مثل الكبرى والكبر والصغرى والصغر

And the plural is 'dinā' like 'al-kubrā' and 'al-kibar', and 'aṣ-ṣughrā' and 'aṣ-ṣighar'.

الجمرة الدنيا أي القريبة إلى منى، وهي فعلى من الدنو.

The 'al-jamrah al-dunyā', meaning the one near to Mina, and it is 'fūlā' from 'ad-dunū' (nearness).

فادنى بالقرية ؛ هكذا جاء في مسلم، وهو افتعل من الدنو، وأصله ادتنى فأدغمت التاء في الدال.

So he 'adná bil-qaryah' (drew near to the village); thus it came in Muslim, and it is 'ift'ala' from 'ad-dunū', and its origin is 'idtannā', so the 'tā'' was assimilated into the 'dāl'.

هو ابن عمي دنية، ودنيا، منون، ودنيا، غير منون، ودنيا، مقصور إذا كان ابن عمه لحا

He is my cousin 'daniyah', and 'dunyā' (with tanwin), and 'dunyā' (without tanwin), and 'dunyā' (shortened), if he is a close relative.

وإنما انقلبت الواو في دنية ودنيا ياء لمجاورة الكسرة وضعف الحاجز

And the 'wāw' in 'daniyah' and 'dunyā' was changed to a 'yā'' only because of the adjacent kasrah and the weakness of the intervening consonant.

والدنا ما قرب من خير أو شر.

And 'ad-danā' is that which is near, whether good or evil.

كل دني دونه دني، يقول: كل قريب وكل خلصان دونه خلصان.

Every 'dunī' has another 'dunī' below him, meaning: every close person has other close people below him.

ولقيته أدنى دني أي أول شيء

And I met him 'adnā dunī', meaning the very first thing.

أتستبدلون الذي هو أدنى ؛ أي الذي هو أخس

'Atastabdilūna alladhī huwa 'adnā'; meaning, that which is more base.

إنه لدني يدني في الأمور تدنية، غير مهموز، يتبع خسيسها وأصاغرها

He is 'dunī' who 'yunī' in matters with 'tadniyah', unhemmed, following its base and lesser aspects.

أتستبدلون الذي هو أدنى ، غير مهموز: أي أقرب، ومعنى أقرب أقل قيمة كما تقول ثوب مقارب

'Atastabdilūna alladhī huwa 'adnā', unhemmed: meaning nearer, and the meaning of nearer is less in value, as you say 'thawbun muqārib' (a close-fitting garment).

رجل دنيء من قوم أدنياء، وقد دنؤ دناءة، وهو الخبيث البطن والفرج.

A 'dunī'' man from a people of 'adnā'' (base people), and he has become 'danā'ah' (baseness), and he is corrupt in stomach and private parts.

رجل دني من قوم أدنياء، وقد دني يدنى ودنو يدنو دنوا: وهو الضعيف الخسيس الذي لا غناء عنده المقصر في كل ما أخذ فيه

A 'dunī' man from a people of 'adnā'' (base people), and he has become 'dunī' who 'yudnā', and 'danā' who 'yadnū' with 'dunūwan': and he is the weak, base one who has no capability, falling short in everything he undertakes.

علام نعطي الدنية في ديننا أي الخصلة المذمومة

Why do we accept 'ad-daniyah' in our religion? Meaning the blameworthy trait.

ولنذيقنهم من العذاب الأدنى دون العذاب الأكبر ؛ قال الزجاج: كل ما يعذب به في الدنيا فهو العذاب الأدنى، والعذاب الأكبر عذاب الآخرة.

And We will surely let them taste the nearer punishment before the greater punishment; Az-Zajjāj said: Everything by which one is punished in this world is the 'al-'adhāb al-'adnā' (the nearer punishment), and the 'al-'adhāb al-akbar' (the greater punishment) is the punishment of the hereafter.

ودانيت الأمر: قاربته.

And 'dānaytu al-amr': I approached the matter.

ودانيت بينهما: جمعت.

And 'dānaytu baynahumā': I gathered them.

ودانيت القيد في البعير أو للبعير: ضيقته عليه

And 'dānaytu al-qayda fī al-ba'īr aw lil-ba'īr': I tightened the tether on the camel or for the camel.

ما لي أراه دانفا قد دني له إنما أراد قد دني له.

What is it that I see him 'dānifan' (approaching)? He has become 'dunī' for him. He only meant 'qad dunī lahu' (he has become near to him).

فتركوا الواو بحالها ولم يردوها إلى الياء، كما تركوا الياء في دنيا بحالها ولم يردوها إلى الواو

So they left the 'wāw' as it was and did not return it to a 'yā'', just as they left the 'yā'' in 'dunyā' as it was and did not return it to a 'wāw'.

ناقة مدنية ومدن: دنا نتاجها، وكذلك المرأة.

A she-camel 'muddaniyah' and 'mudinn': her delivery neared, and likewise a woman.

والمدني من الناس الضعيف الذي إذا آواه الليل لم يبرح ضعفا وقد دنى في مبيته

And 'al-madnī' among people is the weak one who, when night shelters him, does not move from his weakness, and he has 'danā' (drawn near) in his lodging.

والدني من الرجال: الساقط الضعيف الذي إذا آواه الليل لم يبرح ضعفا، والجمع أدنياء.

And 'ad-dunī' among men: the fallen, weak one who, when night shelters him, does not move from his weakness, and the plural is 'adnā''.

وما كان دنيا ولقد دني دنا ودناية ودناية، الياء فيه منقلبة عن الواو لقرب الكسرة

And it was 'dunyā', and indeed he became 'dunī', 'danā', 'danāyah', and 'danāyah'. The 'yā'' in it is a replacement for the 'wāw' due to the proximity of the kasrah.