حشا

Root entry · 10 derived lemmas

The root حشا primarily relates to the concept of being inside, within, or a part of something, often implying proximity or a specific region. It extends to notions of exception, exclusion, and even indifference or detachment.

Derived headwords

حاشىparticle

1.
exceptboth
A particle used for exception, often followed by a noun in the genitive case (when preceded by 'li') or accusative case (when the verb is implied).
2.
God forbidboth
Used as an exclamation to express strong disapproval or to distance oneself from something, often translated as 'God forbid' or 'far be it from God'.

قلن حاش لله — They said, 'Far be it from God!'

ضربتهم حاشى زيدا — I struck them, except Zayd.

حشاverb

1.
to excludeclassical
To exclude someone or something from a group or consideration, to set aside.
2.
to be indifferentclassical
To be unconcerned or indifferent towards something.

ولا يتحشى الفحل إن أعرضت به — And the stallion is not indifferent if you turn away from it.

حاشparticle

1.
exceptclassical
A variant of 'حاشى' where the final alif is dropped, used for exception.

حاش لفلان — Except for so-and-so.

حاشاكparticle

1.
far be it from youboth
An expression used to distance oneself from a negative implication, meaning 'far be it from you' or 'that is not like you'.

حاشاك وحاشى لك والمعنى واحد — 'Far be it from you' and 'far be it for you' have the same meaning.

حاشى لكparticle

1.
far be it for youboth
An expression similar to 'حاشاك', used to convey distance from a negative statement.

حاشاك وحاشى لك والمعنى واحد — 'Far be it from you' and 'far be it for you' have the same meaning.

حشاnoun

1.
insideclassical
The inner part or interior of something.
2.
side, vicinityclassical
The side or vicinity of a person or thing.

كنت في حشا فلان أي في ناحية فلان — I was in so-and-so's 'husha', meaning in his vicinity.

تحاشىverb

1.
to avoidclassical
To avoid or keep away from something, to be cautious.
2.
to be ashamedclassical
To feel shame or to behave in a self-deprecating manner.

تحشيت من فلان أي تذممت — I avoided so-and-so, meaning I acted shamefully towards him.

لولا التحشي من رياح رميتها — Were it not for the avoidance of the winds, I would have thrown her...

انحشىverb

1.
to mergeclassical
For sounds or letters to merge into one another.

انحشى صوت في صوت وانحشى حرف في حرف — A sound merged into a sound, and a letter merged into a letter.

حشىnoun

1.
innards, entrailsclassical
The internal organs, the belly.

حاشايparticle

1.
far be it from meboth
An expression used to distance oneself from a negative implication, meaning 'far be it from me'.

حاشاي، إني مسلم معذور — Far be it from me, indeed I am a forgiven Muslim.

Parallel reading

بحورا لا تكدرها الدلاء

Seas that the buckets do not make turbid.

فمن قال حاشى لفلان خفضه باللام الزائدة

And whoever says 'حاشى لفلان' (except for so-and-so), they make it genitive with the added 'li'.

ومن قال حاشى فلانا أضمر في حاشى مرفوعا ونصب فلانا بحاشى

And whoever says 'حاشى فلانا' (so-and-so), they imply a nominative subject in 'حاشى' and make 'فلانا' accusative with 'حاشى'.

والتقدير حاشى فعلهم فلانا

And the estimation is: 'Their action spared so-and-so'.

ومن قال حاشى فلان خفض بإضمار اللام لطول صحبتها حاشى

And whoever says 'حاشى فلان' (so-and-so), they make it genitive by implying 'li' due to the long association of 'حاشى'.

ويجوز أن يخفضه بحاشى لأن حاشى لما خلت من الصاحب أشبهت الاسم فأضيفت إلى ما بعدها

And it is permissible to make it genitive with 'حاشى' because 'حاشى', when devoid of its companion (verb), resembles a noun and is thus attached to what follows it.

ومن العرب من يقول حاش لفلان فيسقط الألف

And some Arabs say 'حاش لفلان' (except for so-and-so), dropping the alif.

وقد قرئ في القرآن بالوجهين

And it has been recited in the Quran in both ways.

قلن حاش لله*

They said, 'Far be it from God!'

اشتق من قولك كنت في حشا فلان أي في ناحية فلان

It is derived from your saying 'I was in so-and-so's husha', meaning in his vicinity.

والمعنى في حاش لله براءة لله من هذا

And the meaning in 'حاش لله' is God's innocence from this.

وإذا قلت حاشى لزيد هذا من التنحي

And when you say 'حاشى لزيد' (except for Zayd), this is from 'تنحي' (moving aside).

والمعنى قد تنحى زيد من هذا وتباعد عنه كما تقول تنحى من الناحية

And the meaning is that Zayd has moved aside from this and distanced himself, just as you say 'he moved aside from the vicinity'.

كذلك تحاشى من حاشية الشيء، وهو ناحيته

Similarly, 'taḥashshā' is from the 'ḥāshiyah' (side) of a thing, which is its vicinity.

معناه قد استثنيته وأخرجته فلم أدخله في جملة المذكورين

Its meaning is: I have excepted you and excluded you, so I did not include you in the group of those mentioned.

جعله من حشى الشيء وهو ناحيته

He derived it from 'ḥashā' al-shay' (the inside of a thing), which is its side.

ولا يتحشى الفحل إن أعرضت به

And the stallion is not indifferent if you turn away from it.

يقال حاشاك وحاشى لك والمعنى واحد

It is said 'ḥāshāk' and 'ḥāshā lak', and the meaning is the same.

وإن جعلتها فعلا نصبت بها فقلت ضربتهم حاشى زيدا

And if you make it a verb, you make it transitive, saying 'I struck them, except Zayd'.

وإن جعلتها حرفا خفضت بها

And if you make it a particle, you make it genitive.

لأنها لو كانت فعلا لجاز أن تكون صلة لما كما يجوز ذلك في خلا

Because if it were a verb, it would be permissible for it to be a complement to 'mā' as it is permissible for 'khulā'.

فلما امتنع أن يقال جاءني القوم ما حاشى زيدا دلت أنها ليست بفعل

And when it is impermissible to say 'The people came to me, except Zayd', it indicates that it is not a verb.

واستدل بقول النابغة: ولا أرى فاعلا في الناس يشبهه، ... وما أحاشي من الأقوام من أحد

And he used the verse of Al-Nābighah as evidence: 'And I do not see any doer among people who resembles him... And I do not exclude anyone from the people'.

ولأنه يقال حاشى لزيد، فحرف الجر لا يجوز أن يدخل على حرف الجر

And because it is said 'ḥāshā li-Zayd', a preposition cannot enter upon a preposition.

ولأن الحذف يدخلها كقولهم حاش لزيد، والحذف إنما يقع في الأسماء والأفعال دون الحروف

And because elision occurs in it, like their saying 'ḥāsh li-Zayd', and elision only occurs in nouns and verbs, not particles.

شاهده قول سبرة بن عمرو الأسدي: حاشى أبي ثوبان، إن به ... ضنا عن الملحاة والشتم

The evidence for this is the saying of Sabrah ibn 'Amr al-Asadi: 'Except for Abi Thawban, indeed he is... stingy with reproach and insult'.

حاشاي، إني مسلم معذور

Far be it from me, indeed I am a forgiven Muslim.

تحشيت من فلان أي تذممت

I acted shamefully towards so-and-so, meaning I behaved with shame.

لولا التحشي من رياح رميتها

Were it not for the avoidance of the winds, I would have thrown her.

انحشى صوت في صوت وانحشى حرف في حرف

A sound merged into a sound, and a letter merged into a letter.

إن بأجزاع البريراء، فالحشى، ... فوكد إلى النقعين من وبعان

Indeed, in the parts of Al-Barīrā', and Al-Ḥashā, ... then to Al-Naq'ayn from Waba'ān.