لوم

Root entry · 49 derived lemmas

This root primarily concerns the particle 'lam' (ل) and its various functions and meanings in Arabic grammar. It explores its use in interrogatives, as a preposition with diverse meanings (for, to, until, after, upon), and as a particle of emphasis or تعقيب (following up). The entry also touches upon related particles and grammatical phenomena.

Derived headwords

لِمَparticle

1.
whyboth
An interrogative particle used to inquire about the reason or cause for an action.

لَمَّاparticle

1.
whenboth
A particle used to connect two clauses, often indicating that the second event occurred upon the occurrence of the first, or to express a reason.
2.
not yetclassical
Used with a past tense verb to indicate that something has not yet happened.

لِمَهْparticle

1.
whyclassical
An interrogative particle, an alternative form of 'lima' (لِمَ) with the addition of the 'ha' of silence (هاء السكت).

عَلَامَparticle

1.
whyboth
An interrogative particle formed by combining 'ala' (على) and 'ma' (ما), meaning 'why' or 'for what reason'.

عَمَّparticle

1.
about whatboth
An interrogative particle, often a contraction of 'an' (عن) and 'ma' (ما), meaning 'about what' or 'concerning what'.

إِلَامَparticle

1.
until whenboth
An interrogative particle formed from 'ila' (إلى) and 'ma' (ما), meaning 'until when' or 'to what extent'.

حَتَامَparticle

1.
until whenboth
An interrogative particle, often from 'hatta' (حتى) and 'ma' (ما), meaning 'until when' or 'how long'.

لِـparticle

1.
forboth
A preposition with numerous meanings, including possession, purpose, cause, and destination.
2.
toboth
Indicating direction or purpose.
3.
because ofboth
Indicating the reason or cause.
4.
uponclassical
Indicating a state or condition.
5.
afterclassical
Indicating sequence in time.

اللامother

1.
the letter Lamboth
Refers to the Arabic letter 'lam' (ل) itself, or specifically to the definite article 'al-' (ال).

الرؤياnoun

1.
visionboth
A dream or a vision seen while awake.

عابرadjective

1.
interpretingclassical
One who interprets dreams or visions.

راهبadjective

1.
fearfulboth
One who fears or is in awe of something, particularly God.

أوحىverb

1.
to revealboth
To inspire or reveal something, often divinely.

سابقونnoun

1.
those who precedeboth
Those who go ahead or are foremost, often in a race or in virtue.

سجداnoun

1.
prostratingboth
Those who are in a state of prostration, typically in prayer.

أجلparticle

1.
for the sake ofboth
Used to indicate the reason or purpose for which something is done.

لهاparticle

1.
upon itclassical
A prepositional phrase meaning 'upon it' or 'for it', used in specific contexts.

اجتماعnoun

1.
gatheringboth
The act of coming together or meeting.

بائصnoun

1.
a measure of grainclassical
A specific measure or quantity, likely of grain or food.

خَلَوْنَverb

1.
passedboth
Past tense of 'khala' (خلا), meaning 'to pass' or 'to elapse' (referring to time).

القومnoun

1.
the peopleboth
A collective noun referring to a group of people.

خارجونadjective

1.
going outboth
Those who are leaving or departing.

الناسnoun

1.
the peopleboth
A collective noun for humanity or a group of people.

طاعنونadjective

1.
attackingboth
Those who are attacking or speaking ill of others.

الحمارnoun

1.
the donkeyboth
A common domesticated animal.

الفرسnoun

1.
the horseboth
A common domesticated animal.

لحمnoun

1.
meatboth
The flesh of an animal used as food.

لعسverb

1.
to lickboth
To pass the tongue over something.

لومnoun

1.
blameboth
The act of finding fault or holding someone responsible for a mistake.

فَعَمَadjective

1.
corpulentclassical
Describing someone or something as full or corpulent.

عَنْسَلَadjective

1.
sturdyclassical
Describing a she-camel as strong and sturdy.

قَصْمَلَverb

1.
to breakclassical
To break something into pieces.

ذَاكَpronoun

1.
thatboth
A demonstrative pronoun referring to something distant.

أُولَئِكَpronoun

1.
thoseboth
A demonstrative pronoun referring to multiple distant things or people.

لَقَدْparticle

1.
indeedboth
A particle of emphasis used with a past tense verb to confirm or assert a statement.

اليَضْرِبُكَother

1.
the one who strikes youclassical
A poetic construction meaning 'the one who strikes you', using 'al-' as a relative pronoun.

يَجْدَعُverb

1.
to cut offboth
To cut off a part of something, often the nose or ear.

يَتَتَبَّعُverb

1.
to followboth
To pursue or track someone or something.

أَلْمَعَاverb

1.
to gleamclassical
To shine or flash brightly.

أَحْصَنَverb

1.
to be more chasteclassical
To be more virtuous or chaste, used in comparative constructions.

أَعَزَّverb

1.
to be more mightyclassical
To be more powerful or esteemed, used in comparative constructions.

أَكْرَمَverb

1.
to be more nobleclassical
To be more generous or noble, used in comparative constructions.

أَبْخَلَverb

1.
to be more stingyclassical
To be more miserly or stingy, used in comparative constructions.

أَشْجَعَverb

1.
to be braverclassical
To be more courageous, used in comparative constructions.

الْمُبْتَذَلُadjective

1.
the commonplaceclassical
Something that is common, ordinary, or easily obtained.

فَطِنَverb

1.
to be intelligentboth
To be intelligent, discerning, or quick-witted.

الْغَفْلَةُnoun

1.
heedlessnessboth
A state of being unaware or neglectful.

الْمُشَاهَدَةُnoun

1.
observationboth
The act of seeing or observing.

أَمْسِnoun

1.
yesterdayboth
The day before today.

Parallel reading

وقولهم: لم فعلت، معناه لأي شيء فعلته؟

And their saying: 'Lim fa'alta?' means 'For what did you do it?'

والأصل فيه لما فعلت فجعلوا ما في الاستفهام مع الخافض حرفا واحدا واكتفوا بفتحة الميم من الألف فأسقطوها

And the origin of it is 'lima fa'alta', so they made 'ma' in the interrogative with the preposition a single letter and sufficed with the fatha on the 'mim' instead of the 'alif', so they dropped it.

وكذلك قالوا: علام تركت وعم تعرض وإلام تنظر وحتام عناؤك؟

And likewise they said: 'Alam taraktu?' (Why did you leave?), 'Amm ta'aridu?' (About what do you turn away?), 'Ilam tandhuru?' (Until when do you look?), and 'Hatam 'ana'uka?' (Until when is your hardship?).

فلم قتلتموهم؛ أراد لأي علة وبأي حجة

So 'Falam qataltumuhum?' (Then why did you kill them?); it means 'for what reason and by what argument'.

يقال لم فعلت، ولم فعلت، ولما فعلت، ولمه فعلت، بإدخال الهاء للسكت

It is said: 'Lim fa'alta?', 'Lam fa'alta?', 'Lamma fa'alta?', and 'Lammah fa'alta?', by inserting the 'ha' of silence.

يا فقعسي، لم أكلته لمه؟

O Fuqaysi, why did you eat it, 'limmah?'

فلان عابر الرؤيا وعابر للرؤيا

So-and-so is an interpreter of dreams and an interpreter for dreams.

وفلان راهب ربه وراهب لربه.

And so-and-so is fearful of his Lord and fearful for his Lord.

للذين هم لربهم يرهبون

For those who fear their Lord.

إن كنتم للرءيا تعبرون

If it is for dreams that you interpret.

المعنى هم راهبون لربهم وراهبو ربهم، ثم أدخلوا اللام على هذا، والمعنى لأنها عقبت للإضافة

The meaning is: they are fearful of their Lord and fearful of their Lord; then they introduced the 'lam' after this, and the meaning is because it followed the addition.

تجيء اللام بمعنى إلى وبمعنى أجل

The 'lam' comes with the meaning of 'ila' (to) and with the meaning of 'ajal' (for the sake of).

بأن ربك أوحى لها؛ أي أوحى إليها

That your Lord revealed to it; meaning, revealed to her.

وهم لها سابقون؛ أي وهم إليها سابقون

And they are foremost for it; meaning, they are foremost to it.

وخروا له سجدا؛ أي خروا من أجله سجدا

And they fell down to him prostrate; meaning, they fell down for his sake prostrate.

فلذلك فادع واستقم كما أمرت؛ معناه فإلى ذلك فادع

So for that, call out and stand firm as you are commanded; the meaning is: so to that, call out.

إن أحسنتم أحسنتم لأنفسكم وإن أسأتم فلها؛ أي عليها

If you do good, you do good for yourselves; and if you do evil, then for it (meaning, upon it).

لطول اجتماع لم نبت ليلة معا

Due to the length of our gathering, we did not spend a night together.

إذا مضى شيء فكأنه لم يكن

If something passes, it is as if it did not happen.

حتى وردن لتم خمس بائص

Until they arrived after five 'bā'is' (measures).

لثلاث خلون من الشهر

Three nights having passed from the month.

القوم خارجون والناس طاعنون

The people are going out, and the people are attacking.

فعل للفعم

He did it for the corpulent one.

ناقة عنسل للعنس الصلبة

A sturdy she-camel for the strong one.

قصمله أي كسره

He broke it, meaning he shattered it.

فدخلت تأكيدا لقد فاتصلت بها كأنها منها

So it entered as emphasis for 'laqad', it connected to it as if it were part of it.

اليضربك ورأيت اليضربك، يريد الذي يضربك

The one who strikes you, and I saw the one who strikes you, meaning 'the one who strikes you'.

صوت الحمار اليجدع

The voice of the donkey that is cut off.

لذحلها اليتتبع

For its grievance that is followed.

وعمرا وحونا بالمشقر ألمعا

And 'Amran and 'Huwana' in Al-Mushaqqar, they gleamed.

يعني اللذين معا فأدخل عليه الألف واللام صلة

Meaning 'the two together', so the 'alif' and 'lam' were added as an اتصال (connection).

هو الحصن أن يرام، وهو العزيز أن يضام، والكريم أن يشتم

He is too fortified to be sought, and too mighty to be oppressed, and too noble to be insulted.

هو أبخل من أن يرغب إليه

He is too stingy to be approached.

هو صدق المبتذل

He is truthful upon being commonplace.

وهو فطن الغفلة فظع المشاهدة

And he is intelligent regarding heedlessness, and difficult to observe.

ما أنت بالحكم الترضى حكومته، ولا الأصيل، ولا ذي الرأي والجدل

You are not the judge whose judgment is accepted, nor the elder, nor the one of opinion and argument.

ويدخلون الألف واللام على أمس وألى

And they introduce the 'alif' and 'lam' on 'ams' (yesterday) and 'ula' (those).

وإني جلست اليوم والأمس قبله ببابك، حتى كادت الشمس تغرب

And indeed I sat today and yesterday before it at your door, until the sun almost set.