علم

Root entry · 16 derived lemmas

This root primarily concerns signs, marks, indications, and knowledge. It extends to concepts of leadership, guidance, and the vastness of creation, including the universe and its inhabitants.

Derived headwords

عَلِمَverb

1.
to knowboth
To possess knowledge or understanding of something.
2.
to be awareboth
To have consciousness or perception of something.

عَلَمٌnoun

1.
sign, markboth
A visible indication or distinguishing feature.
2.
flag, bannerboth
A piece of cloth used as a symbol or signal, especially by a military group.
3.
landmarkboth
A natural or artificial feature that serves as a guide or point of reference.
4.
leader, chiefclassical
A person who is in charge or in a position of authority.

والليل فوق علامه متقوض — And the night above its marks is collapsing

والعلم: الراية التي تجتمع إليها الجند — And 'alam: the banner to which the soldiers gather

عَلَّمَverb

1.
to mark, to signboth
To put a mark or sign on something.
2.
to teachboth
To impart knowledge or skill to someone.

وقد أعلمه: جعل فيه علامة وجعل له علما — And he marked it: he made a sign in it and made a banner for it

وأعلم القصار الثوب، فهو معلم، والثوب معلم — And the fuller marked the garment, so he is a marker, and the garment is marked

مُعْلِمٌadjective

1.
markedboth
Having a mark or sign on it.
2.
teacherboth
A person who teaches, especially in a school.

وأعلم القصار الثوب، فهو معلم، والثوب معلم — And the fuller marked the garment, so he is a marker, and the garment is marked

مَعْلَمٌnoun

1.
landmark, guideboth
A feature that serves as a guide or point of reference, especially for a route.
2.
indication, signboth
A trace or evidence that indicates something.
3.
place of learningclassical
A place where knowledge is acquired, such as a school or institution.

ومعلم الطريق: دلالته، وكذلك معلم الدين على المثل — And the landmark of the road: its indication, and likewise the landmark of religion by way of example

والمعلم: الأثر يستدل به على الطريق، وجمعه المعالم — And the 'ma'lam: the trace by which one is guided on the road, and its plural is 'ma'alim

عَالَمٌnoun

1.
worldboth
The universe, or the earth and all its inhabitants.
2.
creationboth
All that has been created by God.
3.
mankindboth
Human beings collectively.

والعالم: الخلق كله، وقيل: هو ما احتواه بطن الفلك — And 'alam: all of creation, and it is said: it is what the interior of the celestial sphere contains

الحمد لله رب العالمين — Praise be to Allah, Lord of the Worlds

عَالَمُونَnoun

1.
worldsboth
Plural of 'alam, referring to different realms or universes.
2.
all creationboth
All beings and things that exist.

والعالمون: أصناف الخلق — And 'alamun: the categories of creation

الحمد لله رب العالمين — Praise be to Allah, Lord of the Worlds

عَلَامٌnoun

1.
falconclassical
A type of bird of prey, specifically a saker falcon.
2.
hennaclassical
A plant used to dye hair and skin.

والعلام: الباشق؛ قال الأزهري: وهو ضرب من الجوارح — And 'allam: the saker falcon; Al-Azharī said: it is a type of bird of prey

وأما العلام، بالتشديد، فقد روي عن ابن الأعرابي أنه الحناء، وهو الصحيح — As for 'allām, with shadda, it has been narrated from Ibn al-A'rābī that it is henna, and this is correct

عَلَّامٌname

1.
name of a personboth
A proper name for a male individual.

وعلام وأعلم وعبد الأعلم: أسماء — And 'Allām and A'lam and 'Abd al-A'lam: are names

أَعْلَمَverb

1.
to markboth
To make a mark or sign on something.
2.
to indicateboth
To point out or show something.

وقد أعلمه: جعل فيه علامة وجعل له علما — And he marked it: he made a sign in it and made a banner for it

وأعلمت على موضع كذا من الكتاب علامة — And I marked a certain place in the book with a sign

عَلَامِيٌّadjective

1.
quick-witted, intelligentclassical
A person who is mentally sharp and perceptive.

والعلامي: الرجل الخفيف الذكي مأخوذ من العلام — And 'allāmī: the quick and intelligent man, derived from 'allām

عَيْلَمٌnoun

1.
deep wellclassical
A well that is abundant with water.
2.
seaclassical
A large body of saltwater.
3.
waterclassical
Water that covers the land or is hidden beneath it.

والعيلم: البئر الكثيرة الماء — And 'aylam: the well with abundant water

والعيلم: البحر — And 'aylam: the sea

عَيْلَامٌnoun

1.
male hyenaclassical
A male hyena.

والعيلام: الضبعان وهو ذكر الضباع — And 'aylām: the male hyena, which is the male of the hyenas

فإذا هو عيلام أمدر — So he was a spotted male hyena

عُلَمَاءُnoun

1.
shieldsclassical
A type of armor, specifically shields.

والعلماء من أسماء الدروع — And 'ulamā' are among the names of shields

اعْتَلَمَverb

1.
to flash (lightning)classical
Lightning that appears briefly.

واعتلم البرق: لمع في العلم — And lightning flashed: it gleamed in the sky

عَلِيمٌname

1.
name of a manboth
A proper name for a male individual.

وعليم: اسم رجل وهو أبو بطن، وقيل: هو عليم بن جناب الكلبي — And 'Alīm: the name of a man, and he is the father of a lineage, and it is said: he is 'Alīm ibn Janāb al-Kalbī

Parallel reading

والليل فوق علامه متقوض

And the night above its marks is collapsing

نظيره جبل وأجبال وجبال، وجمل وأجمال وجمال، وقلم وأقلام وقلام.

Its parallel is jabal and ajbāl and jibāl, and jamal and ajmāl and jamāl, and qalam and aqlām and qulām.

واعتلم البرق: لمع في العلم؛ قال: بل بريقا بت أرقبه، ... بل لا يرى إلا إذا اعتلما

And lightning flashed: it gleamed in the sky; he said: rather a flash I watched over, ... but it is not seen except when it flashes

والعلم: رسم الثوب، وعلمه رقمه في أطرافه.

And 'ilm: the pattern of the garment, and its mark is its numbering on its edges.

وقد أعلمه: جعل فيه علامة وجعل له علما.

And he marked it: he made a sign in it and made a banner for it.

وأعلم القصار الثوب، فهو معلم، والثوب معلم.

And the fuller marked the garment, so he is a marker, and the garment is marked.

والعلم: الراية التي تجتمع إليها الجند، وقيل: هو الذي يعقد على الرمح؛

And 'alam: the banner to which the soldiers gather, and it is said: it is that which is tied to the spear;

فإن ابن جني قال فيه: ينبغي أن يحمل على أنه أراد علمها، فأشبع الفتحة فنشأت بعدها ألف كقوله:

For Ibn Jinni said about it: it should be understood that he intended 'alamahā, so he lengthened the fatḥa, and an alif arose after it, as in his saying:

وأعلام القوم: ساداتهم، على المثل، الواحد كالواحد.

And the 'a'lām of the people: their leaders, by way of example, the singular is like the singular.

ومعلم الطريق: دلالته، وكذلك معلم الدين على المثل.

And the landmark of the road: its indication, and likewise the landmark of religion by way of example.

ومعلم كل شيء: مظنته، وفلان معلم للخير كذلك، وكله راجع إلى الوسم والعلم، وأعلمت على موضع كذا من الكتاب علامة.

And the indicator of everything: its likely place, and so-and-so is an indicator for good likewise, and all of it refers back to branding and marking, and I marked a certain place in the book with a sign.

والمعلم: الأثر يستدل به على الطريق، وجمعه المعالم.

And the 'ma'lam: the trace by which one is guided on the road, and its plural is 'ma'alim.

والعالمون: أصناف الخلق.

And 'alamun: the categories of creation.

والعالم: الخلق كله، وقيل: هو ما احتواه بطن الفلك؛

And 'alam: all of creation, and it is said: it is what the interior of the celestial sphere contains;

فخندف هامة هذا العالم

So Khindif is the head of this world

إن أباك كان يهمز العالم والخاتم، يذهب إلى أن الهمز هاهنا يخرجه من التأسيس إذ لا يكون التأسيس إلا بالألف الهوائية.

Your father used to hamz 'alam and khātam, proceeding that the hamza here removes it from foundational status, as foundational status is only with the airy alif.

والجمع عالمون، ولا يجمع شيء على فاعل بالواو والنون إلا هذا، وقيل: جمع العالم الخلق العوالم.

And the plural is 'alamun, and nothing is pluralized as fā'il with waw and nun except this, and it is said: the plural of 'alam is the creation, 'awālim.

الحمد لله رب العالمين*

Praise be to Allah, Lord of the Worlds*

رب الجن والإنس

Lord of Jinn and Humans

رب الخلق كلهم.

Lord of all creation.

تبارك الذي نزل الفرقان على عبده ليكون للعالمين نذيرا؛

Blessed is He who sent down the Criterion upon His servant that he may be a warner to the worlds;

وإنما بعث محمد، صلى الله عليه وسلم، نذيرا للجن والإنس.

Muhammad, peace be upon him, was only sent as a warner to Jinn and Humans.

لله تعالى ثمانية عشر ألف عالم، الدنيا منها عالم واحد، وما العمران في الخراب إلا كفسطاط في صحراء ؛

Allah Almighty has eighteen thousand worlds, of which this world is one, and the inhabited place is to the ruin like a tent in a desert;

وهو رب كل شيء، وهو جمع عالم، قال: ولا واحد لعالم من لفظه لأن عالما جمع أشياء مختلفة، فإن جعل عالم لواحد منها صار جمعا لأشياء متفقة.

And He is the Lord of all things, and it is the plural of 'alam, he said: and 'alam has no singular from its form because 'alam is a plural of different things, and if 'alam is made for one of them, it becomes a plural of similar things.

وهو اسم بني على مثال فاعل كما قالوا خاتم وطابع ودانق.

And it is a noun formed on the pattern of fā'il, as they said khātam, ṭābi', and dāniq.

والعلام: الباشق؛ قال الأزهري: وهو ضرب من الجوارح،

And 'allām: the saker falcon; Al-Azharī said: it is a type of bird of prey,

وأما العلام، بالتشديد، فقد روي عن ابن الأعرابي أنه الحناء، وهو الصحيح، وحكاهما جميعا كراع بالتخفيف؛

As for 'allām, with shadda, it has been narrated from Ibn al-A'rābī that it is henna, and this is correct, and both were narrated by Kurā' with tanfīf;

حتى إذا ما هوت كف العلام لها ... طارت، وفي كفه من ريشها بتك

Until when the hand of the falcon descended upon it... it flew, and in its hand was from its feathers

قال: العلام هنا الصقر، قال: وهذا من طريف الرواية وغريب اللغة.

He said: 'allām here means the falcon, he said: and this is from curious narration and strange language.

ليس أحد يقول إن العلام لب عجم النبق إلا الطائي؛

No one says that 'allām is the kernel of the Rhamnus alaternus except Al-Ṭā'ī;

يشغلها ... عن حاجة الحي علام وتحجيل

It occupies it... from the need of the living, 'allām and anklets

والعلامي: الرجل الخفيف الذكي مأخوذ من العلام.

And 'allāmī: the quick and intelligent man, derived from 'allām.

والعيلم: البئر الكثيرة الماء؛ قال الشاعر:

And 'aylam: the well with abundant water; the poet said:

من العيالم الخسف

From the deep wells

قال لحافر البئر أخسفت أم أعلمت ؛ يقال: أعلم الحافر إذا وجد البئر عيلما أي كثيرة الماء وهو دون الخسف،

He said to the digger of the well: Did you find a deep well or a flowing one? It is said: The digger found a flowing well ('a'lama) if he found an 'aylam, meaning abundant with water, which is less than a deep well,

وقيل: العيلم الملحة من الركايا، وقيل: هي الواسعة، وربما سب الرجل فقيل: يا ابن العيلم يذهبون إلى سعتها.

And it is said: 'aylam is the abundant well among the water sources, and it is said: it is the wide one, and sometimes a man is insulted and told: O son of the wide one, referring to its vastness.

والعيلم: البحر.

And 'aylam: the sea.

والعيلم: الماء الذي عليه الأرض، وقيل: العيلم الماء الذي علته الأرض يعني المندفن؛ حكاه كراع.

And 'aylam: the water upon which the land is, and it is said: 'aylam is the water that the land covers, meaning the buried one; Kurā' narrated this.

والعيلم: التار الناعم.

And 'aylam: the soft, smooth one.

والعيلم: الضفدع؛ عن الفارسي.

And 'aylam: the frog; according to Al-Fārisī.

والعيلام: الضبعان وهو ذكر الضباع، والياء والألف زائدتان.

And 'aylām: the male hyena, which is the male of the hyenas, and the yā' and alif are extra.

أنه يحمل أباه ليجوز به الصراط فينظر إليه فإذا هو عيلام أمدر ؛ هو ذكر الضباع.

That he carries his father to cross the bridge with him and look at him, and behold, he is a spotted male hyena; it is the male hyena.

وعليم: اسم رجل وهو أبو بطن، وقيل: هو عليم بن جناب الكلبي.

And 'Alīm: the name of a man, and he is the father of a lineage, and it is said: he is 'Alīm ibn Janāb al-Kalbī.

وعلام وأعلم وعبد الأعلم: أسماء؛

And 'Allām and A'lam and 'Abd al-A'lam: are names;

وقولهم: علماء بنو فلان، يريدون على الماء فيحذفون اللام تخفيفا.

And their saying: 'Ulamā' are the sons of so-and-so, they mean 'alā al-mā' (at the water) and they omit the lām for brevity.

والعلماء من أسماء الدروع؛ قال: ولم أسمعه إلا في بيت زهير بن جناب:

And 'ulamā' are among the names of shields; he said: And I have not heard it except in the verse of Zuhayr ibn Janāb:

جلح الدهر فانتحى لي، وقدما ... كان ينحي القوى على أمثالي

Time has worn me down and targeted me, and previously... it used to push the strong towards my likes

وتصدى ليصرع البطل الأروع ... بين العلماء والسربال

And it confronted me to fell the magnificent hero... between the shields and the tunic