سوم

Root entry · 17 derived lemmas

This root primarily relates to concepts of movement, ranging from grazing and passing to actively seeking, selling, or even attacking. It also encompasses notions of authority, judgment, and destiny, as well as specific terms for types of trees, people, and places.

Derived headwords

صَعْلadjective

1.
thin-headedclassical
Describing something as having a thin or small head, specifically referring to the head of a palm tree.

سَامَverb

1.
to grazeboth
To graze or pasture, referring to animals feeding on vegetation.
2.
to seekclassical
To seek or look for something.
3.
to sellclassical
To sell something.
4.
to sufferclassical
To suffer or be tormented.
5.
to passclassical
To pass by or move along.

وسام إذا رعى — and 'to graze'

وسام إذا طلب — and 'to seek'

وسام إذا باع — and 'to sell'

وسام إذا عذب — and 'to suffer'

سام يسوم إذا مر — 'to pass by'

سَامَتِ النَّاقَةُverb

1.
the she-camel movedclassical
The she-camel moved or proceeded.

وسامت الناقة إذا مضت — and 'the she-camel moved if it proceeded'

سَوْمُهَاnoun

1.
its courseclassical
Its course or direction, referring to the path taken by a she-camel.

وخلي لها سومها — and leave its course to it

سَامُواverb

1.
they traveledclassical
They traveled or journeyed.

يقال سار القوم وساموا بمعنى واحد — It is said 'the people traveled' and 'they traveled' with the same meaning.

السَّامَةُnoun

1.
the rear guardclassical
The rear guard of an army or group.
2.
deathclassical
Death or mortality.
3.
gold nuggetclassical
A nugget or lump of gold.
4.
silver nuggetclassical
A nugget or lump of silver.

السامة الساقة — the rear guard

والسامة الموتة — and 'death'

والسامة السبيكة من الذهب — and 'a nugget of gold'

والسامة السبيكة من الفضة — and 'a nugget of silver'

سَامَتِ الطَّيْرُverb

1.
the birds circledclassical
The birds circled or hovered over something.

وسامت الطير على الشيء تسوم سوما: حامت — and 'the birds circled over a thing, circling, circling': they hovered.

سَوْمًاnoun

1.
circlingclassical
The act of circling or hovering, especially by birds.

تسوم سوما: حامت — circling, circling: they hovered.

سُومُهُnoun

1.
its desiresclassical
Its desires, intentions, or what it wants.

وخليته وسومه أي وما يريد — and I left it to its desires, meaning, and what it wants.

وسومه: خلاه وسومه أي وما يريد — and 'its desires': I left it to its desires, meaning, and what it wants.

عَبْدٌ وَسَوْمٌphrase

1.
a slave left to his willclassical
A slave who is left to do as he pleases.

عبد وسوم أي وخلي وما يريد — 'a slave and his desires', meaning, 'and left to what he wants'.

سَوَّمَهُverb

1.
he judged himclassical
To judge or give authority to someone over one's property.

وسومه في مالي: حكمه — 'and his judgment in my property': his ruling.

وسومت الرجل تسويما إذا حكمته في مالك — and 'I gave the man authority' if I gave you authority over your property.

وسومت فلانا في مالي إذا حكمته في مالك — and 'I gave authority to so-and-so' if I gave you authority over your property.

تَسْوِيمًاnoun

1.
giving authorityclassical
The act of giving someone authority or judgment over property.

وسومت الرجل تسويما إذا حكمته في مالك — and 'I gave the man authority' if I gave you authority over your property.

أَغَارَ عَلَيْهِمْverb

1.
he raided themclassical
To raid or attack them, causing destruction.

وسومت على القوم إذا أغرت عليهم فعثت فيهم — and 'I raided the people' if you raided them and caused destruction among them.

السَّوْمُnoun

1.
عرضclassical
Display or presentation.

والسوم: العرض؛ عن كراع — and 'al-sawm': display; according to Kra'a.

السَّوَامُnoun

1.
a birdclassical
A type of bird.

والسوّام: طائر — and 'al-sawwam': a bird.

سَامٌname

1.
Noah's sonclassical
A descendant of Noah, considered the father of Arabs.

سام: من بني آدم، قال ابن سيده: وقضينا على ألفه بالواو لأنها عين — 'Sam': from the children of Adam, Ibn Sidah said: and we determined its alif to be waw because it is 'ayn.

الجوهري: سام أحد بني نوح، عليه السلام، وهو أبو العرب — Al-Jawhari: Sam is one of Noah's descendants, peace be upon him, and he is the father of the Arabs.

سِيُومٌname

1.
a mountainclassical
A mountain.

وسيوم: جبل «2». يقولون، والله أعلم: من حطها من رأس سيوم؟ يريدون شاة مسروقة من هذا الجبل — and 'Sayum': a mountain. They say, and God knows best: 'Who brought it down from the head of Sayum?' meaning a stolen sheep from this mountain.

Parallel reading

صعل من السام ورباني أجرد يقول الدقل لا قشر عليه، والصعل الدقيق الرأس، يعني رأس الدقل، والسام شجر يقول الدقل منه

Sa'l from al-sam and rubbani ajrad, meaning the palm tree has no peel on it, and al-sa'l is thin-headed, meaning the head of the palm tree, and al-sam is a tree from which the palm tree comes.

وسام إذا رعى، وسام إذا طلب، وسام إذا باع، وسام إذا عذب.

And 'to graze', and 'to seek', and 'to sell', and 'to suffer'.

النضر: سام يسوم إذا مر.

Al-Nadr: 'to pass by'.

وسامت الناقة إذا مضت، وخلى لها سومها أي وجهها.

And the she-camel moved if it proceeded, and leave its course to it, meaning its direction.

وقال شجاع: يقال سار القوم وساموا بمعنى واحد.

And Shuja' said: It is said 'the people traveled' and 'they traveled' with the same meaning.

ابن الأعرابي: السامة الساقة، والسامة الموتة، والسامة السبيكة من الذهب، والسامة السبيكة من الفضة

Ibn al-A'rabi: 'al-samah' is the rear guard, and 'al-samah' is death, and 'al-samah' is a nugget of gold, and 'al-samah' is a nugget of silver.

وأما قولهم لا سيما فإن تفسيره في موضعه لأن ما فيها صلة.

As for their saying 'la siyyama', its explanation is in its place because 'ma' in it is a connector.

وسامت الطير على الشيء تسوم سوما: حامت، وقيل: كل حوم سوم.

And the birds circled over a thing, circling, circling: they hovered, and it was said: every hovering is 'sawm'.

وخليته وسومه أي وما يريد.

And I left it to its desires, meaning, and what it wants.

ومن أمثالهم: عبد وسوم أي وخلي وما يريد.

And among their proverbs: 'a slave and his desires', meaning, 'and left to what he wants'.

وسومه في مالي: حكمه.

And 'his judgment in my property': his ruling.

وسومت الرجل تسويما إذا حكمته في مالك.

And 'I gave the man authority' if I gave you authority over your property.

والسوم: العرض؛ عن كراع.

And 'al-sawm': display; according to Kra'a.

والسوّام: طائر.

And 'al-sawwam': a bird.

سام: من بني آدم، قال ابن سيده: وقضينا على ألفه بالواو لأنها عين.

'Sam': from the children of Adam, Ibn Sidah said: and we determined its alif to be waw because it is 'ayn.

الجوهري: سام أحد بني نوح، عليه السلام، وهو أبو العرب.

Al-Jawhari: Sam is one of Noah's descendants, peace be upon him, and he is the father of the Arabs.

وسيوم: جبل «2». يقولون، والله أعلم: من حطها من رأس سيوم؟ يريدون شاة مسروقة من هذا الجبل.

And 'Sayum': a mountain. They say, and God knows best: 'Who brought it down from the head of Sayum?' meaning a stolen sheep from this mountain.