حكم

Root entry · 10 derived lemmas

This root primarily concerns concepts of restraint, control, wisdom, and judgment. It extends to the physical restraint of animals via a bit, the metaphorical restraint of human actions by wisdom, and the act of judging or governing. It also encompasses the idea of a person's status or head, and the concept of equitable compensation.

Derived headwords

حِكْمَةnoun

1.
wisdomboth
The quality of having experience, knowledge, and good judgment; the quality of being wise.
2.
bit (of a bridle)classical
An iron piece in a bridle that goes in the horse's mouth and controls it, preventing it from disobeying its rider.
3.
forehead/headclassical
The front part of the face or the head, metaphorically referring to one's status or importance.
4.
chinclassical
The chin of a sheep or goat.

ما من آدمي إلا وفي رأسه حكمة — There is no human being except that on his head is a wisdom (or bit).

والحكمة: حديدة في اللجام تكون على أنف الفرس وحنكه تمنعه عن مخالفة راكبه — And the ḥikmah: an iron piece in the bridle that is on the horse's nose and jaw, preventing it from disobeying its rider.

حَكَمَverb

1.
to rule, to judgeboth
To exercise authority, to make a decision or judgment.
2.
to restrain (a horse)classical
To put a bit in a horse's mouth to control it.

أَحْكَمَverb

1.
to make firm, to perfectboth
To make something strong, sound, or complete; to master or control something.
2.
to equip with a bitclassical
To fit a horse's bridle with a bit.

قد أحكمت حكمات القد والأبقا — It has been fitted with the bits of the qad and the abaq.

مَحْكُومَةnoun

1.
bridled horseclassical
A horse that has been fitted with a bit.

وفرس محكومة في رأسها حكمة — And a bridled horse with a bit in its head.

محكومة حكمات القد والأبقا — Bridled with the bits of the qad and the abaq.

حُكُومَةnoun

1.
compensation, equitable assessmentclassical
An equitable assessment of compensation for injuries, especially those that leave a scar but do not incapacitate, based on a proportional reduction of the full value.
2.
governmentmodern
The governing body of a nation, state, or community.

في أرش الجراحات الحكومة — In the compensation for wounds, the ḥukūmah (equitable assessment).

حَكِيمname

1.
Hakim (name)both
A proper name, often given to males.

حَكَمname

1.
Hakam (name)both
A proper name, often given to males.

حُكَّامname

1.
Hukkam (name)both
A proper name, often given to males.

حَكَمَانname

1.
Hakamān (name)both
A proper name, often given to males.

حَكَمname

1.
Hakam (tribe)classical
A tribe from Yemen.

شفاعتي لأهل الكبائر من أمتي حتى حكم وحاء — My intercession is for the sinners of my Ummah, even for Hakam and Ḥuḥā'.

Parallel reading

ما من آدمي إلا وفي رأسه حكمة

There is no human being except that on his head is a wisdom.

وفي رواية: في رأس كل عبد حكمة إذا هم بسيئة، فإن شاء الله تعالى أن يقدعه بها قدعه

And in another narration: On the head of every servant is a wisdom; if he intends to do evil, God Almighty will prevent him with it if He wills.

والحكمة: حديدة في اللجام تكون على أنف الفرس وحنكه تمنعه عن مخالفة راكبه

And the ḥikmah: an iron piece in the bridle that is on the horse's nose and jaw, preventing it from disobeying its rider.

ولما كانت الحكمة تأخذ بفم الدابة وكان الحنك متصلا بالرأس جعلها تمنع من هي في رأسه كما تمنع الحكمة الدابة

And when the bit takes hold of the animal's mouth and the jaw is connected to the head, it makes it prevent what is in its head, just as the bit prevents the animal.

وحكم الفرس حكما وأحكمه بالحكمة: جعل للجامه حكمة

And he bridled the horse with a bit (ḥakama) and fitted it with a bit (aḥkamahu bil-ḥikmah): he made a bit for its bridle.

قال زهير: القائد الخيل منكوبا دوائرها، ... قد أحكمت حكمات القد والأبقا

Zuhayr said: Leading the horses, their circles overturned, ... it has been fitted with the bits of the qad and the abaq.

ويروى: محكومة حكمات القد والأبقا على اللغتين جميعا

And it is narrated: bridled with the bits of the qad and the abaq, according to both linguistic usages.

وفرس محكومة في رأسها حكمة

And a bridled horse with a bit in its head.

ابن شميل: الحكمة حلقة تكون في فم الفرس

Ibn Shumayl said: The ḥikmah is a ring that is in the horse's mouth.

وحكمة الإنسان: مقدم وجهه

And the ḥikmah of a human: the front of his face.

ورفع الله حكمته أي رأسه وشأنه

And God raised his ḥikmah, meaning his head and his status.

إن العبد إذا تواضع رفع الله حكمته أي قدره ومنزلته

Indeed, when the servant is humble, God raises his ḥikmah, meaning his rank and position.

يقال: له عندنا حكمة أي قدر

It is said: He has a ḥikmah with us, meaning a status.

وفلان عالي الحكمة

And so-and-so is of high ḥikmah (status).

وقيل: الحكمة من الإنسان أسفل وجهه، مستعار من موضع حكمة اللجام، ورفعها كناية عن الإعزاز لأن من صفة الذليل تنكيس رأسه

And it was said: The ḥikmah of a human is the lower part of his face, borrowed from the place of the bridle's bit, and raising it is a metaphor for honor, because lowering one's head is a characteristic of the humiliated.

وحكمة الضائنة: ذقنها

And the ḥikmah of a sheep: its chin.

وفي الحديث: في أرش الجراحات الحكومة

And in the Hadith: In the compensation for wounds is the ḥukūmah.

فإن يجرح الإنسان في موضع في بدنه يبقي شينه ولا يبطل العضو، فيقتاس الحاكم أرشه بأن يقول: هذا المجروح لو كان عبدا غير مشين هذا الشين بهذه الجراحة كانت قيمته ألف درهم، وهو مع هذا الشين قيمته تسعمائة درهم فقد نقصه الشين عشر قيمته، فيجب على الجارح عشر ديته في الحر لأن المجروح حر

If a person is wounded in a place on his body that leaves a scar but does not incapacitate the limb, the judge measures its compensation by saying: This wounded person, if he were a slave without this scar from this wound, his value would be a thousand dirhams, and with this scar, his value is nine hundred dirhams; the scar has reduced his value by one-tenth. Therefore, the assailant must pay one-tenth of his blood-wit for a free person, because the wounded person is free.

وهذا وما أشبهه بمعنى الحكومة التي يستعملها الفقهاء في أرش الجراحات، فاعلمه

And this and what is similar to it is in the sense of the ḥukūmah that jurists use in the compensation for wounds; know this.

وقد سموا حكما وحكيما وحكيما وحكاما وحكمان

And they named [people] Hakam, Hakim, Hakim, Hukkam, and Hakamān.

وفي الحديث: شفاعتي لأهل الكبائر من أمتي حتى حكم وحاء ؛ وهما قبيلتان جافيتان من وراء رمل يبرين

And in the Hadith: My intercession is for the sinners of my Ummah, even for Hakam and Ḥuḥā'; and they are two nomadic tribes from beyond the sands of Yabrin.