جثم

Root entry · 21 derived lemmas

The root جثم primarily denotes the act of settling down, perching, or lying low, often with a sense of immobility or heaviness. It extends to concepts of being stuck, sluggish, or even a physical presence like a body or a phantom.

Derived headwords

جَثَمَverb

1.
to perch, settle downboth
To settle down firmly on the ground, like a bird or other creature, remaining in place.
2.
to lie down on the chestclassical
To fall or lie down on one's chest, a specific posture of settling.
3.
to stick, adhereclassical
To cling or stick to the ground, remaining fixed.
4.
to be halfway throughclassical
Used for the night, meaning to be halfway through its duration.
5.
to gatherclassical
Used for mud, dust, or ash, meaning to accumulate or gather.

جثم الإنسان والطائر والنعامة والخشف والأرنب واليربوع يجثم ويجثم جثما وجثوما — The human, bird, ostrich, young gazelle, rabbit, and jerboa perch and settle down, performing jathman and juthuman.

جَثْمًاnoun

1.
settling downboth
The act of perching or settling down firmly on the ground.

جُثُومًاnoun

1.
settling downboth
The act of perching or settling down firmly on the ground.
2.
sticking toclassical
The act of adhering or sticking to the ground.
3.
midpoint of the nightclassical
The state of the night being halfway through.

جثم فلان بالأرض يجثم جثوما: لصق بها ولزمها — So-and-so stuck to the ground, he sticks to it, performing juthuman: he clung to it and remained on it.

جَاثِمadjective

1.
perched, settledboth
One who is settled or perched firmly in place, not moving.
2.
lying downclassical
Lying down, especially on the chest or on one's knees.
3.
stuck, immobileclassical
Remaining fixed in place, unable to move.

فهو جاثم: لزم مكانه فلم يبرح — So he is jaathim: he remained in his place and did not move.

فأصبحوا في ديارهم جاثمين — So they became in their dwellings, jaathimeen (perched/lying/immobile).

جَاثِمِينَadjective

1.
perched, settledboth
Plural of جاثم, referring to those who are settled or perched firmly in place.
2.
lying downclassical
Plural of جاثم, lying down, especially on the chest or on one's knees.
3.
stuck, immobileclassical
Plural of جاثم, remaining fixed in place, unable to move.

فأصبحوا في ديارهم جاثمين — So they became in their dwellings, jaathimeen (perched/lying/immobile).

جُثُومnoun

1.
perching, settlingboth
The act of perching or settling down firmly.
2.
rabbitclassical
A rabbit, named because it tends to settle or crouch.
3.
pl. of جاثمclassical
Plural of جاثم, referring to those who are settled or immobile.
4.
cluster of datesclassical
A cluster of dates when its fruit has grown large.

وجمع الجاثم جثوم — And the plural of jaathim is juthum.

والجثوم: الأرنب لأنها تجثم — And al-juthum: the rabbit because it settles down.

والجمع جثوم — And the plural is juthum.

جُثْمَةnoun

1.
heavy sleeperclassical
A very sleepy person who does not travel or move much.
2.
something gatheredclassical
That which is gathered, like mud or dust.
3.
nightmare, incubusclassical
A nightmare or oppressive entity that sits on a person while sleeping.

رجل جثمة وجثامة للنؤوم الذي لا يسافر — A man is juthmah and juthamah for the sleeper who does not travel.

جُثَامَةnoun

1.
heavy sleeperclassical
A very sleepy person who does not travel or move much.
2.
sluggish personclassical
A dull or slow-witted person.
3.
leader, dignified personclassical
A leader or a dignified, patient person.

رجل جثمة وجثامة للنؤوم الذي لا يسافر — A man is juthmah and juthamah for the sleeper who does not travel.

يعيا بها الجثامة — The juthamah is baffled by it.

الجَاثِمَةnoun

1.
immobilityclassical
The state of being immobile or stuck in place.
2.
heavy sleeperclassical
A person who is very sleepy and stays put.

والجاثمة واللبد الذي لا يبرح بيته — And al-jaathimah is the one who does not leave his house.

الجَاثُومnoun

1.
nightmare, incubusclassical
A nightmare or oppressive entity that sits on a person while sleeping.

والجثام والجاثوم: الكابوس يجثم على الإنسان — And al-juthām and al-jāthūm: the nightmare that sits on a person.

جُثَامnoun

1.
nightmare, incubusclassical
A nightmare or oppressive entity that sits on a person while sleeping.

والجثام والجاثوم: الكابوس يجثم على الإنسان — And al-juthām and al-jāthūm: the nightmare that sits on a person.

رَاِزمnoun

1.
nightmare, incubusclassical
A nightmare or oppressive entity that sits on a person while sleeping.

ويقال للذي يقع على الإنسان وهو نائم جاثوم وجثم وجثمة ورازم وركاب وجثامة — And the one who falls upon a person while sleeping is called jāthūm, jathm, juthmah, rāzim, rākib, and juthāmah.

رَكَّابnoun

1.
nightmare, incubusclassical
A nightmare or oppressive entity that sits on a person while sleeping.

مَجْثَمnoun

1.
place where one settlesclassical
The place where a rabbit or other creature settles or crouches.
2.
place of settlingclassical
A place where something settles or accumulates.

ومكانها مجثم — And its place is majtham.

المَجْثُمَةnoun

1.
trapped animalclassical
An animal, especially a bird or rabbit, that is trapped or confined and unable to move.
2.
animal killed by throwing stonesclassical
An animal, particularly a sheep, that is killed by being pelted with stones.
3.
animal killed by arrowsclassical
An animal, such as a sheep, killed by being shot with arrows.

ونهى عن المصبورة والمجثمة — And he prohibited the trapped animal and the majthumah.

جُثْمَانnoun

1.
body, corpseboth
A physical body, often referring to a corpse or a substantial form.
2.
form, shapeclassical
The form or shape of something, a physical manifestation.

وباتت بجثمانية الماء نيبها — And her she-camels spent the night at the juthmāniyyah of the water.

جُثْمَانِيَّةnoun

1.
body of waterclassical
Referring to the water itself, its substance or mass.
2.
midpoint of waterclassical
The middle or center of a body of water.

وباتت بجثمانية الماء نيبها — And her she-camels spent the night at the juthmāniyyah of the water.

جُثْمَانِيّadjective

1.
bodilyclassical
Relating to the body or physical form.

وقد دعوا لي أقواما، وقد غسلوا، ... بالسدر والماء، جثماني وأطباقي — And people have called for me, and they have washed, ... with sidr and water, my body and my dishes.

جُثْمَانnoun

1.
plant growthclassical
Plants that have risen slightly from the ground and whose growth has become established.

والجثم والجثم: الزرع إذا ارتفع عن الأرض شيئا واستقل نباته — And al-jathm and al-juthm: the crop when it has risen slightly from the ground and its growth has become established.

جُثُومnoun

1.
hillockclassical
A small hill or mound.

نهضت إليها من جثوم كأنها ... عجوز — I rose to it from a juthūm as if it were... an old woman.

جُثَامnoun

1.
sluggish personclassical
A dull, slow-witted, or sluggish person.

يعيا بها الجثامة — The juthāmah is baffled by it.

Parallel reading

جثم الإنسان والطائر والنعامة والخشف والأرنب واليربوع يجثم ويجثم جثما وجثوما، فهو جاثم: لزم مكانه فلم يبرح

The human, bird, ostrich, young gazelle, rabbit, and jerboa perch and settle down, performing jathman and juthuman, so he is jaathim: he remained in his place and did not move.

وقيل: هو أن يقع على صدره؛ قال الراجز: إذا الكماة جثموا على الركب، ... ثبجت، يا عمرو، ثبوج المحتطب

And it is said: it is to fall on one's chest; the rajaz poet said: When the warriors settled on their knees...

وهي بمنزلة البروك للإبل؛ ومنه الحديث: فلزمها حتى تجثمها تجثم الطير أنثاه إذا علاها للسفاد.

And it is like the kneeling of camels; and from it is the hadith: So he clung to it until he made it settle, like a bird mounts its female for mating.

وجثم فلان بالأرض يجثم جثوما: لصق بها ولزمها؛ قال النابغة يصف ركب امرأة: وإذا لمست لمست أجثم جاثما.

And so-and-so stuck to the ground, he sticks to it, performing juthuman: he clung to it and remained on it; Al-Nabighah said describing a woman's mount: And if I touched, I touched a settled, immobile one.

الليث: الجاثم اللازم مكانه لا يبرح.

Al-Layth said: Al-jaathim is one who remains in his place and does not move.

الليث: الجاثمة واللبد الذي لا يبرح بيته؛ يقال: رجل جثمة وجثامة للنؤوم الذي لا يسافر.

Al-Layth said: Al-jaathimah is the one who does not leave his house; it is said: a man is juthmah and juthamah for the sleeper who does not travel.

ويقال: إن العسل يجثم على المعدة ثم يقذف بالداء، وفي بعض الكلام: إذا شربت العسل جثم على رأس المعدة ثم قذف الداء؛

And it is said: Honey settles on the stomach and then causes illness, and in some speech: If you drink honey, it settles on the top of the stomach and then causes illness;

وقوله تعالى: فأصبحوا في ديارهم جاثمين*

And His saying, the Almighty: So they became in their dwellings, jaathimeen (perched/lying/immobile).

أي أصابهم البلاء فبركوا فيها، والجاثم: البارك على رجليه كما يجثم الطير، أي أصابهم العذاب فماتوا جاثمين أي باركين.

Meaning, affliction struck them, so they knelt in them, and al-jaathim is one kneeling on his legs as a bird perches, meaning, torment struck them, so they died jaathimeen, i.e., kneeling.

والجثوم: الأرنب لأنها تجثم، ومكانها مجثم.

And al-juthum: the rabbit because it settles down, and its place is majtham.

والجثام والجاثوم: الكابوس يجثم على الإنسان، وهو الديثاني.

And al-juthām and al-jāthūm: the nightmare that sits on a person, and it is al-daythānī.

ويقال للذي يقع على الإنسان وهو نائم جاثوم وجثم وجثمة ورازم وركاب وجثامة؛ قال: وهو هذا النجت «1» الذي يقع على النائم.

And the one who falls upon a person while sleeping is called jāthūm, jathm, juthmah, rāzim, rākib, and juthāmah; he said: It is this 'najt' that falls on the sleeper.

وجثم الليل جثوما: انتصف؛ عن ثعلب.

And the night reached its midpoint, performing juthuman: it became halfway through; from Tha'lab.

والجثوم: الأكمة؛ قال تأبط شرا: نهضت إليها من جثوم كأنها ... عجوز، عليها هدمل ذات خيعل

And al-juthūm: the hillock; Ta'abbata Sharran said: I rose to it from a hillock as if it were... an old woman, wearing a tattered garment of Khay'al.

والجثامة: البليد؛ قال الراعي: من أمر ذي بدوات لا تزال له ... بزلاء، يعيا بها الجثامة اللبد

And al-juthāmah: the dullard; Al-Rā'ī said: Concerning one with peculiarities that always befall him... follies, by which the sluggish one is baffled.

والمجثمة: المحبوسة. وفي الحديث: أنه نهى عن المصبورة والمجثمة ؛ قال أبو عبيد: المجثمة التي نهى عنها هي المصبورة وهي كل حيوان ينصب ويرمى ويقتل.

And al-majthumah: the confined one. And in the hadith: That he prohibited the trapped animal and the majthumah; Abu Ubayd said: Al-majthumah which was prohibited is al-masbūrah, and it is any animal that is set up, pelted, and killed.

قال أبو عبيد: ولكن المجثمة لا تكون إلا من الطير والأرانب وأشباهها مما يجثم بالأرض أي يلزمها، لأن الطير تجثم بالأرض إذا لزمتها ولبدت عليها، فإن حبسها إنسان قيل: قد جثمت، فهي مجثمة إذا فعل ذلك بها، وهي المحبوسة، فإذا فعلت هي من غير فعل أحد قيل: جثمت تجثم وتجثم جثوما، فهي جاثمة.

Abu Ubayd said: But al-majthumah is only from birds, rabbits, and their like, from what settles on the ground, meaning adheres to it, because birds settle on the ground when they cling to it and lie upon it. If a person confines it, it is said: it has been majthumah, meaning confined. If it does so on its own without anyone's action, it is said: it settled, performing tajaththum and tajaththum juthuman, so it is jaathimah.

شمر: المجثمة هي الشاة التي ترمى بالحجارة حتى تموت ثم تؤكل، قال: والشاة لا تجثم إنما الجثوم للطير ولكنه استعير.

Shammar said: Al-majthumah is the sheep that is pelted with stones until it dies, then eaten. He said: And a sheep does not jathum; juthum is only for birds, but it is used metaphorically.

وجثم الطين والتراب والرماد: جمعها، وهي الجثمة.

And mud, dust, and ash gathered, and it is al-juthmah.

والجثم والجثم: الزرع إذا ارتفع عن الأرض شيئا واستقل نباته، وقد جثم يجثم.

And al-jathm and al-juthm: the crop when it has risen slightly from the ground and its growth has become established, and it has jathama (grown).

قال أبو حنيفة: الجثم العذق إذا عظم بسره، والجمع جثوم.

Abu Hanifa said: Al-jathm is the cluster of dates when its fruit has grown large, and the plural is juthum.

وجثمت العذوق تجثم، بضم الثاء، جثوما: عظم بسرها شيئا، وفي التهذيب: إذا عظمت فلزمت مكانها.

And the date clusters jathamat, with damma on the tha', performing juthuman: their fruit grew somewhat large, and in Al-Tahdhib: when they grew large and remained in their place.

والجثمان: الجسم؛ وقول الفرزدق: وباتت بجثمانية الماء نيبها، ... إلى ذات رحل كالمآتم حسرا

And al-juthmān: the body; and Al-Farazdaq's saying: And her she-camels spent the night at the juthmāniyyah of the water...

جثمانية الماء: الماء نفسه. ويقال: جثمانية الماء وسطه ومجتمعه ومكانه؛

Juthmāniyyat al-mā': the water itself. And it is said: Juthmāniyyat al-mā' is its middle, its gathering place, and its location;

واعطف على باز تراخى مجثمه أي بعد وكره.

And turn towards a falcon whose perch has receded, meaning its resting place is distant.

التهذيب: الجثمان بمنزلة الجسمان جامع لكل شيء تريد به جسمه وألواحه.

Al-Tahdhib: Al-juthmān is like al-juthmān, encompassing everything for which you intend its body and its parts.

ويقال: ما أحسن جثمان الرجل وجسمانه أي جسده؛ قال الممزق العبدي: وقد دعوا لي أقواما، وقد غسلوا، ... بالسدر والماء، جثماني وأطباقي

And it is said: How beautiful is the juthmān of a man and his juthmān, meaning his body; Al-Mumazziq Al-Abdi said: And people have called for me, and they have washed, ... with sidr and water, my body and my dishes.

الأزهري: قال الأصمعي الجثمان الشخص، والجسمان الجسم؛ قال بشر: أمون كدكان العبادي فوقها ... سنام كجثمان البنية أتلعا

Al-Azhari said: Al-Asma'i said al-juthmān is the person/figure, and al-juthmān is the body; Bishr said: A she-camel like the shop of Al-Abadi, above her... a hump like the figure of the Banah, towering.

يعني بالبنية الكعبة، وهو شخص وليس بجسد؛ قال ابن بري: صواب إنشاده أمونا بالنصب لأنه منصوب بقوله فكلفت قبله، وهو: فكلفت ما عندي، وإن كنت عامدا ... من الوجد كالثكلان، بل أنا أوجع وأتلع بالرفع لأنه نعت لسنام، والذي في شعره كجثمان البلية، وهي الناقة تجعل عند قبر الميت؛ شبه سنام ناقته بجثمانها.

He means by Al-Bunyah the Kaaba, and it is a figure, not a body; Ibn Bri said: The correct recitation is amūnan in the accusative because it is منصوب by his saying 'I was tasked' before it, which is: I was tasked with what I have, even if I intended... from longing like the bereaved, rather I am more pained. And atla'a in the nominative because it is an adjective for sanām, and what is in his poetry is like the figure of the calamity, which is the she-camel placed at the grave of the deceased; he likened his she-camel's hump to its figure.

ويقال: جاءني بثريد مثل جثمان القطاة.

And it is said: He brought me thareed like the figure of a sandgrouse.

والجثوم: جبل؛ قال: جبل يزيد على الجبال إذا بدا، ... بين الربائع والجثوم مقيم

And al-juthūm: a mountain; he said: A mountain that surpasses the mountains when it appears... between Al-Rabābi' and Al-Juthūm it resides.