تهم

Root entry · 22 derived lemmas

This root primarily relates to a change in state, often involving a foul smell or taste, and also encompasses the concept of intense heat and stillness of wind. It is strongly associated with the geographical region of Tihamah and its inhabitants.

Derived headwords

تَهِمَverb

1.
to change, to spoilboth
To undergo a change, particularly in smell or taste, becoming foul or rancid.
2.
to become weak, helplessclassical
To show one's weakness or become bewildered and unable to act.

تُهْمَةnoun

1.
foul smell, rancidityboth
A foul or unpleasant smell, similar to the 'zahūmah' (greasy smell).
2.
accusationmodern
A charge or suspicion of wrongdoing.
3.
low-lying landclassical
Land that slopes down towards the sea, possibly derived from Tihamah.

التَّهِمnoun

1.
intense heat and stillnessclassical
Severe heat accompanied by a lack of wind.

تِهَامَةname

1.
Tihamah (region)both
A geographical region, often referring to the low-lying coastal plain of western Arabia, including Mecca.

مُتَّهِمadjective

1.
inhabitant of Tihamahclassical
One who resides in or is associated with the region of Tihamah.
2.
accusedmodern
Someone who is suspected of having done something wrong.
3.
descending towards Tihamahclassical
Describing something that is oriented or moving towards the Tihamah region.

تِهَامِيّadjective

1.
from Tihamahboth
Relating to or originating from the Tihamah region; an inhabitant of Tihamah.

تِهَامname

1.
Tihamah (poetic form)classical
A poetic or non-standard form of Tihamah, used in specific contexts.

أَتْهَمَverb

1.
to accusemodern
To formally charge someone with a crime or wrongdoing.
2.
to reach Tihamahclassical
To arrive at or enter the region of Tihamah.

تَهَامَverb

1.
to descend towards Tihamahclassical
To move downwards or towards the Tihamah region.

تُهِمَverb

1.
to become weak or bewilderedclassical
To show one's helplessness or become confused and lost.

تَهَامَىverb

1.
to descend towards Tihamahclassical
To move downwards or towards the Tihamah region (intensive form).

تَهَامِيّadjective

1.
from Tihamahboth
Relating to or originating from the Tihamah region; an inhabitant of Tihamah.

تَهَامِيُّونnoun

1.
inhabitants of Tihamahclassical
People who live in or belong to the Tihamah region.

تَهَمَةnoun

1.
low-lying landclassical
Land that slopes down towards the sea, possibly derived from Tihamah.

التَّهَائِمnoun

1.
low-lying landsclassical
Lands that slope down towards the sea.

مُتَهِمadjective

1.
descending towards Tihamahclassical
Describing something that is oriented or moving towards the Tihamah region.

مُتَهَامadjective

1.
frequent visitor to Tihamahclassical
One who often comes to or visits the Tihamah region.

مَتَاهِيمnoun

1.
camels going to Tihamahclassical
Camels that are heading towards or frequenting the Tihamah region.

مَتَاهِمnoun

1.
camels going to Tihamahclassical
Camels that are heading towards or frequenting the Tihamah region.

تَهِمَverb

1.
to dislike pasture, to declineclassical
When a camel dislikes its pasture and its condition deteriorates.
2.
to become weak from heatclassical
To become weak and emaciated due to intense heat.
3.
to have a foul smellclassical
For a person's breath or body odor to become unpleasant.

تَهَامِيَّةadjective

1.
from Tihamah (feminine)both
Relating to or originating from the Tihamah region, applied to a female.

تَهَامِيّadjective

1.
from Tihamahboth
Relating to or originating from the Tihamah region; an inhabitant of Tihamah.

Parallel reading

تهم الدهن واللحم تهما، فهو تهم: تغير.

Fat and meat spoil (تهمa), so it is spoiled (تهم): it has changed.

وفيه تهمة أي خبث ريح نحو الزهومة.

And in it is a foul smell (tuhmah), meaning a foulness of smell like rancidity.

والتهم: شدة الحر وسكون الريح.

And 'at-tiham' is intense heat and stillness of the wind.

وتهامة: اسم مكة والنازل فيها متهم، يجوز أن يكون اشتقاقها من هذا، ويجوز أن يكون من الأول لأنها سفلت عن نجد فخبث ريحها،

And Tihamah is the name of Mecca and the one descending in it is 'mutahamm'. Its derivation may be from this, or from the first [meaning spoiled smell] because it is lower than Najd, so its air is foul.

والنسب إليه تهامي وتهام على غير قياس، كأنهم بنوا الاسم على تهمي أو تهمي، ثم عوضوا الألف قبل الطرف من إحدى الياءين اللاحقتين بعدها؛

And the nisbah (attribution) to it is 'tihami' and 'tiham' irregularly, as if they built the name on 'tihmi' or 'tihmi', then substituted the alif before the end from one of the two following ya's;

فإن قلت فإن في تهامة ألفا فلم ذهبت في تهام إلى أن الألف عوض من إحدى ياءي الإضافة؟

If you say, 'But in Tihamah there is an alif, so why did it disappear in 'tiham' such that the alif is a substitute for one of the ya's of addition?'

قيل: قال الخليل في هذا إنهم كأنهم نسبوا إلى فعل أو فعل، فكأنهم فكوا صيغة تهامة فأصاروها إلى تهم أو تهم، ثم أضافوا إليه فقالوا تهام،

It is said: Al-Khalil said regarding this that it is as if they attributed it to 'fa'al' or 'fu'al', so it is as if they broke down the form of Tihamah and made it 'tihm' or 'tuhm', then they added to it and said 'tiham',

وإنما مثل الخليل بين فعل وفعل ولم يقطع بأحدهما لأنه قد جاء هذا العمل في هذين جميعا، وهما الشام واليمن؛

And Al-Khalil only gave examples between 'fa'al' and 'fu'al' and did not commit to one because this process occurred in both of them, which are Ash-Sham and Al-Yaman;

فانظر إلى قوة تصور الخليل إلى أن هجم به الظن على اليقين،

So look at the strength of Al-Khalil's conception that conjecture led him to certainty,

ومن كسر التاء قال تهامي؛ هذا قول سيبويه.

And whoever breaks the 'ta' says 'tihami'; this is the view of Sibawayh.

الجوهري: النسبة إلى تهامة تهامي وتهام، إذا فتحت التاء لم تشدد كما قالوا يمان وشآم، إلا أن الألف في تهام من لفظها، والألف في يمان وشآم عوض من ياءي النسبة؛

Al-Jawhari said: The attribution to Tihamah is 'tihami' and 'tiham'. If you open the 'ta', it is not doubled, as they said 'yamani' and 'shami', except that the alif in 'tiham' is from its own letters, while the alif in 'yamani' and 'shami' is a substitute for the two ya's of attribution;

وكنا وهم كابني سبات تفرقا ... سوى، ثم كانا منجدا وتهاميا

And we were, and they were like the two sons of Sabat, separated... apart, then they became one from Najd and one from Tihamah.

وألقى التهامي منهما بلطاته، ... وأحلط هذا: لا أريم مكانيا

And the Tihami threw from them his offerings, ... And this one is settled: I will not leave my place.

وحكى ابن قتيبة في غريب الحديث عن الزيادي عن الأصمعي أن التهمة الأرض المتصوبة إلى البحر، كأنها مصدر من تهامة.

And Ibn Qutaybah narrated in Gharib al-Hadith from Al-Ziyadi from Al-Asma'i that 'at-tuhmah' is land sloping towards the sea, as if it is a masdar from Tihamah.

وشاهد تهام قول أبي بكر بن الأسود المعروف بابن شعوب الليثي وشعوب أمه: ذريني أصطبح يا بكر، إني ... رأيت الموت نقب عن هشام تخيره ولم يعدل سواه، ... فنعم المرء من رجل تهام

And the evidence for 'tiham' is the saying of Abu Bakr bin Al-Aswad, known as Ibn Shu'ub Al-Laythi: 'Leave me to have my morning, O Bakr, indeed... I saw death choose Hisham and not deviate from him, ... What a man is 'tiham' (one who descends to Tihamah)'

وأتهم الرجل وتتهم: أتى تهامة؛

And 'at-hama' the man and 'tahama': he came to Tihamah;

فإن تتهموا أنجد خلافا عليكم، ... وإن تعمنوا مستحقبي الحرب أعرق

If you go to Tihamah (tatahamu) in opposition to you, ... and if you go to Najd, I will go to the coast.

شآم يمان منجد متتهم، ... حجازية أعجازه وهو مسهل

Sham, Yaman, Najd, and Tihamah, ... Hijazi in its hindquarters, and it is easy.

إذا انحدرت من ثنايا ذات عرق فقد أتهمت.

When you descend from the passes of Dhat 'Irq, you have reached Tihamah ('at-hamta').

وفي الحديث: أن رجلا أتى النبي، صلى الله عليه وسلم، وبه وضح، فقال: انظر بطن واد لا منجد ولا متهم فتمعك فيه، ففعل فلم يزد الوضح حتى مات ؛

And in the Hadith: A man came to the Prophet, peace be upon him, with vitiligo, and he said: 'Look for the bottom of a valley that is neither in Najd nor in Tihamah ('mutahamm'), and roll in it.' He did so, but the vitiligo did not decrease until he died;

فالمتهم: الذي ينصب ماؤه إلى تهامة؛

And 'al-mutahamm' is he whose water flows towards Tihamah;

والمَدِينَة لا تهامية ولا نجدية فإنها فوق الغور ودون نجد.

And Al-Madinah is neither Tihami nor Najdi, for it is above the lowlands and below Najd.

وقوم تهامون: كما يقال يمانون.

And people of Tihamah are 'tihamun': just as they say 'yamanun' (people of Yemen).

والتهمة: تستعمل في موضع تهامة كأنها المرة في قياس قول الأصمعي.

And 'at-tuhmah' is used in the place of Tihamah, as if it is a single instance ('marrah') according to Al-Asma'i's measure.

والتهم، بالتحريك: مصدر من تهامة؛

And 'at-tiham', with vowel movement, is a masdar from Tihamah;

نظرت، والعين مبينة التهم، ... إلى سنا نار وقودها الرتم، شبت بأعلى عاندين من إضم

I looked, and the eye clearly showed the heat ('at-tiham'), ... at the gleam of a fire whose fuel was the 'ratam' plant, kindled on the heights of 'Aandin from Idhm.

والمتهام: الكثير الإتيان إلى تهامة.

And 'al-mutahamm' is one who frequently comes to Tihamah.

وإبل متاهيم ومتاهم: تأتي تهامة؛

And camels are 'matahim' and 'matahim': they come to Tihamah;

يقول: نحن نأتي نجدا ثم كثيرا ما نأخذ منها إلى تهامة.

He means: We come to Najd, then often we take from it towards Tihamah.

وأتهم الرجل إذا أتى بما يتهم عليه؛

And a man 'at-hama' if he does something for which he is suspected;

هما سقياني السم من غير بغضة، ... على غير جرم في أقاويل متهم

They gave me poison without hatred, ... without fault in the sayings of the accused ('mutahamm').

ورجل تهام وامرأة تهامية إذا نسبا إلى تهامة.

And a man is 'tiham' and a woman is 'tihamiyyah' if they are attributed to Tihamah.

والتهائم: المتصوبة إلى البحر.

And 'at-tahaim' are those sloping towards the sea.

إنما قالوا رجل تهام في النسبة إلى التهمة لأن الأصل تهمة، فلما زادوا ألفا خففوا ياء النسبة كما قالوا رجل يمان إذا نسبوا إلى اليمن، خففوا لما زادوا ألفا، وشآم إذا نسبت إلى الشام زادوا ألفا في تهام وخففوا ياء النسبة.

They only said 'rajul tiham' in attribution to 'at-tuhmah' because the origin is 'tuhmah'. When they added an alif, they lightened the ya' of attribution, just as they said 'rajul yaman' when attributing to Yemen, they lightened it when they added an alif, and 'shamm' when attributing to Sham, they added an alif in 'tiham' and lightened the ya' of attribution.

وتهم البعير تهما: وهو أن يستنكر المرعى ولا يستمرئه وتسوء حاله، وقد تهم أيضا، وهو تهم إذا أصابه حرور فهزل،

And a camel 'tahama' (tahman): which is when it dislikes the pasture and does not find it palatable, and its condition worsens. It may also 'tahama', and it is 'tahim' if it is afflicted by heat and becomes thin,

وتهم الرجل، فهو تهم: خبثت ريحه.

And a man 'tahama', so he is 'tahim': his breath became foul.

وتهم الرجل، فهو تهم: ظهر عجزه وتحير؛

And a man 'tahama', so he is 'tahim': his helplessness appeared and he became bewildered;

من مبلغ الحسنا ان بعلها تهم، ... وأن ما يكتم منه قد علم؟

Who will inform the beautiful woman that her husband is bewildered ('yaham'), ... And that what he conceals from her has been known?

أراد الحسناء فقصر للضرورة، وأراد أن فحذف الهمزة للضرورة أيضا كقراءة من قرأ: أن ارضعيه.

He meant 'al-hasnaa'' and shortened it out of necessity, and he meant 'anna' and deleted the hamza also out of necessity, like the reading of one who recites: 'an ardi'eehi' (that you nurse him).