تخم

Root entry · 22 derived lemmas

This root primarily concerns the concept of boundaries, limits, and demarcations, both physical and metaphorical. It extends to the idea of a destination or endpoint, and by extension, can refer to the quality or nature of a place or its produce.

Derived headwords

التُخُومnoun

1.
boundariesboth
The lines or markers that separate lands, territories, or properties. This is often used in the context of borders and landmarks.
2.
limitsboth
The furthest extent of a village, territory, or land. It signifies the end point or boundary of a specific area.
3.
landmarksclassical
Distinctive features or markers used for guidance or identification, especially along routes.

يا بني التخوم لا تظلموها — O my sons, do not wrong the boundaries.

تُخُمnoun

1.
boundaryclassical
A single boundary or limit of land. It is considered the singular form of 'tukhūm' by some.
2.
limitclassical
The end or furthest point of a village or land.

تُخُمَةnoun

1.
richness (of food)classical
Refers to the richness or heaviness of food, often leading to indigestion. The entry notes its origin is from 'wakhmah'.

تُخُومnoun

1.
boundariesboth
The lines or markers that separate lands, territories, or properties. This is often used in the context of borders and landmarks.
2.
limitsboth
The furthest extent of a village, territory, or land. It signifies the end point or boundary of a specific area.
3.
landmarksclassical
Distinctive features or markers used for guidance or identification, especially along routes.

ملعون من غير تخوم الأرض — Cursed is he who changes the boundaries of the land.

تُخُومnoun

1.
boundariesboth
The lines or markers that separate lands, territories, or properties. This is often used in the context of borders and landmarks.
2.
limitsboth
The furthest extent of a village, territory, or land. It signifies the end point or boundary of a specific area.
3.
landmarksclassical
Distinctive features or markers used for guidance or identification, especially along routes.

إن ظلم التخوم ذو عقال — Indeed, injustice regarding boundaries has consequences.

تُخُومnoun

1.
boundariesboth
The lines or markers that separate lands, territories, or properties. This is often used in the context of borders and landmarks.
2.
limitsboth
The furthest extent of a village, territory, or land. It signifies the end point or boundary of a specific area.
3.
landmarksclassical
Distinctive features or markers used for guidance or identification, especially along routes.

وإن أفخر بمجد بني سليم ... أكن منها التخومة والسرارا — And if I boast of the glory of Banu Sulaym... I shall be from them the boundary and the secret.

تُخُومnoun

1.
boundariesboth
The lines or markers that separate lands, territories, or properties. This is often used in the context of borders and landmarks.
2.
limitsboth
The furthest extent of a village, territory, or land. It signifies the end point or boundary of a specific area.
3.
landmarksclassical
Distinctive features or markers used for guidance or identification, especially along routes.

وإنّه لطيب التخوم والتخوم أي السعوف يعني الضرائب — And indeed, he is good in the boundaries and the boundaries, meaning the revenues, meaning the taxes.

تُخُومnoun

1.
boundariesboth
The lines or markers that separate lands, territories, or properties. This is often used in the context of borders and landmarks.
2.
limitsboth
The furthest extent of a village, territory, or land. It signifies the end point or boundary of a specific area.
3.
landmarksclassical
Distinctive features or markers used for guidance or identification, especially along routes.

ولهم دان كل من قلت العير ... بنجد إلى تخوم العراق — And to them submitted everyone who said the camel... in Najd to the borders of Iraq.

تُخُومnoun

1.
boundariesboth
The lines or markers that separate lands, territories, or properties. This is often used in the context of borders and landmarks.
2.
limitsboth
The furthest extent of a village, territory, or land. It signifies the end point or boundary of a specific area.
3.
landmarksclassical
Distinctive features or markers used for guidance or identification, especially along routes.

إذا نزلوا أرض الحرام تباشرت، ... بطحاؤها وتخومها — When they descended into the sacred land, its plains and its boundaries rejoiced at seeing them.

تُخُومnoun

1.
boundariesboth
The lines or markers that separate lands, territories, or properties. This is often used in the context of borders and landmarks.
2.
limitsboth
The furthest extent of a village, territory, or land. It signifies the end point or boundary of a specific area.
3.
landmarksclassical
Distinctive features or markers used for guidance or identification, especially along routes.

وبورك من فيها وطابت تخومها — And blessed is whoever is in it, and its boundaries are good.

تُخُومnoun

1.
boundariesboth
The lines or markers that separate lands, territories, or properties. This is often used in the context of borders and landmarks.
2.
limitsboth
The furthest extent of a village, territory, or land. It signifies the end point or boundary of a specific area.
3.
landmarksclassical
Distinctive features or markers used for guidance or identification, especially along routes.

جاعلا قبره تخوما وقد جرر ... العذارى عليه وافي الشكير — Making his grave a boundary, and the young women have been led to him, fully adorned.

تُخُومnoun

1.
goalclassical
A limit or endpoint to aim for; a destination.
2.
desired stateclassical
The condition or state one wishes to achieve.

جاعلا سرك التخوم، فما أحفل ... قول الوشاة والأنذال — Making your secret the goal, and I do not care for the words of the slanderers and the base.

تُخُومnoun

1.
boundariesboth
The lines or markers that separate lands, territories, or properties. This is often used in the context of borders and landmarks.
2.
limitsboth
The furthest extent of a village, territory, or land. It signifies the end point or boundary of a specific area.
3.
landmarksclassical
Distinctive features or markers used for guidance or identification, especially along routes.

ويقال: اجعل همك تخوما أي حدا تنتهي إليه ولا تجاوزه — And it is said: Make your concern a limit, meaning a boundary to reach and not exceed.

تُخُومnoun

1.
boundariesboth
The lines or markers that separate lands, territories, or properties. This is often used in the context of borders and landmarks.
2.
limitsboth
The furthest extent of a village, territory, or land. It signifies the end point or boundary of a specific area.
3.
landmarksclassical
Distinctive features or markers used for guidance or identification, especially along routes.

قال كثير في التخوم، بالضم: ... وعل ثرى تلك الحفيرة بالندى، ... وطابت تخومها — Kathir said about 'al-tukhūm' (with damma): And the soil of that hollow is watered with dew, and its boundaries are good.

تُخُومnoun

1.
boundariesboth
The lines or markers that separate lands, territories, or properties. This is often used in the context of borders and landmarks.
2.
limitsboth
The furthest extent of a village, territory, or land. It signifies the end point or boundary of a specific area.
3.
landmarksclassical
Distinctive features or markers used for guidance or identification, especially along routes.

ويقال: هي التخوم، بفتح التاء، ويجعلونها واحدة، وأما أهل الشام فيقولون التخوم، ويجعلونها جمعا، والواحد تخم — And it is said: 'al-tukhūm', with fatha on the ta', and they make it singular, while the people of Sham say 'al-tukhūm', and they make it plural, and the singular is 'tukhm'.

تُخُومnoun

1.
boundariesboth
The lines or markers that separate lands, territories, or properties. This is often used in the context of borders and landmarks.
2.
limitsboth
The furthest extent of a village, territory, or land. It signifies the end point or boundary of a specific area.
3.
landmarksclassical
Distinctive features or markers used for guidance or identification, especially along routes.

قال أبو عبيد: أصحاب العربية يقولون هي التخوم، بفتح التاء، ويجعلونها واحدة، وأما أهل الشام فيقولون التخوم، ويجعلونها جمعا، والواحد تخم — Abu Ubaid said: The linguists say it is 'al-tukhūm', with fatha on the ta', and they make it singular, while the people of Sham say 'al-tukhūm', and they make it plural, and the singular is 'tukhm'.

تُخُومnoun

1.
boundariesboth
The lines or markers that separate lands, territories, or properties. This is often used in the context of borders and landmarks.
2.
limitsboth
The furthest extent of a village, territory, or land. It signifies the end point or boundary of a specific area.
3.
landmarksclassical
Distinctive features or markers used for guidance or identification, especially along routes.

قال الفراء: هي التخوم العلامة — Al-Farra' said: It is 'al-tukhūm', the sign.

تُطَاخِمverb

1.
to borderclassical
To be adjacent to or share a border with another land or territory. This is a variant pronunciation with 'ta'.

وتطاخم، بالطاء، بهذا المعنى لغة، قلبت التاء طاء لقرب مخرجهما — And 'taṭākham', with a ta', is a dialect for this meaning, the ta' being changed to ta' due to the proximity of their articulation points.

تُحَادُّverb

1.
to borderboth
To be adjacent to or share a border with another land or territory. This is the standard form.

يقال هذه الأرض تتاخم أرض كذا أي تحادها — It is said: This land borders such-and-such land, meaning it is adjacent to it.

تُخُومnoun

1.
boundariesboth
The lines or markers that separate lands, territories, or properties. This is often used in the context of borders and landmarks.
2.
limitsboth
The furthest extent of a village, territory, or land. It signifies the end point or boundary of a specific area.
3.
landmarksclassical
Distinctive features or markers used for guidance or identification, especially along routes.

التخوم: مفصل ما بين الكورتين والقريتين — Al-tukhūm: The joint between two districts and two villages.

تُخُومnoun

1.
boundariesboth
The lines or markers that separate lands, territories, or properties. This is often used in the context of borders and landmarks.
2.
limitsboth
The furthest extent of a village, territory, or land. It signifies the end point or boundary of a specific area.
3.
landmarksclassical
Distinctive features or markers used for guidance or identification, especially along routes.

ومنتهى أرض كل كورة وقرية تخومها — And the limit of the land of every district and village is its boundaries.

تُخُومnoun

1.
boundariesboth
The lines or markers that separate lands, territories, or properties. This is often used in the context of borders and landmarks.
2.
limitsboth
The furthest extent of a village, territory, or land. It signifies the end point or boundary of a specific area.
3.
landmarksclassical
Distinctive features or markers used for guidance or identification, especially along routes.

بلاد عمان تتاخم بلاد الشحر — The lands of Oman border the lands of Shihr.

Parallel reading

التخوم: الفصل بين الأرضين من الحدود والمعالم، مؤنثة

Al-tukhūm: The separation between two lands, from boundaries and landmarks, feminine.

يا بني التخوم لا تظلموها

O my sons, do not wrong the boundaries.

إن ظلم التخوم ذو عقال

Indeed, injustice regarding boundaries has consequences.

والتخم: منتهى كل قرية أو أرض

And al-tukhm: The limit of every village or land.

يقال: فلان على تخم من الأرض

It is said: So-and-so is at the limit of the land.

تخومها حدودها

Its boundaries are its limits.

ألا ترى أنه قال لا تظلموها ولم يقل لا تظلموه؟

Do you not see that he said 'do not wrong them' and not 'do not wrong him'?

سمعت أبا عمرو يقول هي تخوم الأرض، والجمع تخم

I heard Abu Amr say: They are the boundaries of the land, and the plural is 'tukhm'.

وهي التخوم أيضا على لفظ الجمع ولا يفرد لها واحد

And they are also 'al-tukhūm' in the form of the plural, and no singular is derived for them.

وقد قيل: واحدها تخم وتخم، شامية

And it has been said: Its singular is 'tukhm' and 'tukhm', a Syrian usage.

روي عن النبي، صلى الله عليه وسلم، أنه قال: ملعون من غير تخوم الأرض

It is narrated from the Prophet, peace be upon him, that he said: Cursed is he who changes the boundaries of the land.

التخوم هاهنا الحدود والمعالم

Al-tukhūm here means the boundaries and landmarks.

قال السلمي التخومة، بالفتح

Al-Sulami said: Al-tukhūmah, with fatha.

وإنّه لطيب التخوم والتخوم أي السعوف يعني الضرائب

And indeed, he is good in the boundaries and the boundaries, meaning the revenues, meaning the taxes.

التخوم مفصل ما بين الكورتين والقريتين

Al-tukhūm: The joint between two districts and two villages.

ومنتهى أرض كل كورة وقرية تخومها

And the limit of the land of every district and village is its boundaries.

يقال هذه الأرض تتاخم أرض كذا أي تحادها

It is said: This land borders such-and-such land, meaning it is adjacent to it.

وتطاخم، بالطاء، بهذا المعنى لغة، قلبت التاء طاء لقرب مخرجهما

And 'taṭākham', with a ta', is a dialect for this meaning, the ta' being changed to ta' due to the proximity of their articulation points.

قال الفراء: هي التخوم مضمومة

Al-Farra' said: It is 'al-tukhūm', with damma.

وقال الكسائي: هي التخوم العلامة

And Al-Kisa'i said: It is 'al-tukhūm', the sign.

ومن روى هذا البيت التخوم فهو جمع تخم

And whoever narrates this verse with 'al-tukhūm' means it is the plural of 'tukhm'.

أصحاب العربية يقولون هي التخوم، بفتح التاء، ويجعلونها واحدة

The linguists say it is 'al-tukhūm', with fatha on the ta', and they make it singular.

وأما أهل الشام فيقولون التخوم، ويجعلونها جمعا، والواحد تخم

While the people of Sham say 'al-tukhūm', and they make it plural, and the singular is 'tukhm'.

قال ابن بري: يقال تخوم وتخوم وزبور وزبور وعذوب وعذوب في هذه الأحرف الثلاثة

Ibn al-Bari said: It is said 'tukhūm' and 'tukhūm', 'zabūr' and 'zabūr', 'ʿadhūb' and 'ʿadhūb' in these three letters.

والبصريون يقولون تخوم، بالضم، والكوفيون يقولون تخوم، بالفتح

And the Basrans say 'tukhūm', with damma, and the Kufans say 'tukhūm', with fatha.

قال كثير في التخوم، بالضم: ... وطابت تخومها

Kathir said about 'al-tukhūm' (with damma): ... and its boundaries are good.

ويروى: وتخومها، بالفتح أيضا

And it is narrated: And 'tukhūmahā', with fatha also.

ولهم دان كل من قلت العير ... بنجد إلى تخوم العراق

And to them submitted everyone who said the camel... in Najd to the borders of Iraq.

قال: العير هنا البصر

He said: 'Al-ʿayr' here means sight.

ويقال: اجعل همك تخوما أي حدا تنتهي إليه ولا تجاوزه

And it is said: Make your concern a limit, meaning a boundary to reach and not exceed.

جاعلا قبره تخوما وقد جرر ... العذارى عليه وافي الشكير

Making his grave a boundary, and the young women have been led to him, fully adorned.

جاعلا سرك التخوم، فما أحفل ... قول الوشاة والأنذال

Making your secret the goal, and I do not care for the words of the slanderers and the base.

قال: التخوم الحال الذي تريده

He said: 'Al-tukhūm' is the state that you desire.

وأما التخمة من الطعام فأصلها وخمة، وسيأتي ذكرها إن شاء الله تعالى

As for 'al-tukhmah' from food, its origin is 'wakhmah', and its mention will come, God willing.