شفق

Root entry · 23 derived lemmas

This root primarily concerns the concept of fear, apprehension, and concern, often stemming from a desire to advise or protect someone. It also extends to the twilight phenomenon in the sky and, metaphorically, to low quality or scarcity.

Derived headwords

الشَّفَقُnoun

1.
Twilightboth
The reddish or whitish glow remaining in the sky after sunset, visible until the 'isha' prayer.
2.
Fear, apprehensionboth
A feeling of fear or anxiety, often related to a strong desire to advise or protect someone.
3.
Low qualityclassical
Referring to something of poor quality, especially in things like textiles or provisions.

الشَّفَقَةُnoun

1.
Concern, compassionboth
A tenderness arising from advice or love, leading to fear for the well-being of the one advised or loved.

أَشْفَقَverb

1.
To fear, to be apprehensiveboth
To feel fear or apprehension, especially concerning a potential negative outcome for someone else.
2.
To be wary, to guard againstboth
To be cautious or watchful, anticipating something negative.
3.
To enter twilightclassical
To experience or enter into the time of twilight.

شَفِقَverb

1.
To fear, to be apprehensiveclassical
To feel fear or apprehension; used interchangeably with 'ashfaqa' by some, though disputed by others.
2.
To be stingy, to hold backclassical
To be reluctant to give or spend, implying a fear of loss or scarcity.

شَفَقًاnoun

1.
Fearfullyclassical
An adverbial accusative indicating the state of fear or apprehension.

شَفِيقٌadjective

1.
Concerned, compassionateboth
One who is tender, concerned, and eager for the well-being of another.
2.
Fearfulboth
Experiencing fear or apprehension.

مُشْفِقٌadjective

1.
Concerned, compassionateboth
One who feels concern, compassion, or apprehension for another.
2.
Fearfulboth
Experiencing fear or apprehension.
3.
Scanty, meagerclassical
Referring to provisions or offerings that are small in quantity.

شَفِيقًاadjective

1.
Fearfulclassical
An adjective used in a comparative sense, similar to 'aleem' and 'wajea'.

شَفَقَverb

1.
To fear, to be apprehensiveclassical
A less common form of the verb meaning to fear or be apprehensive.

شَفْشَلِيقٌadjective

1.
Old and flabbyclassical
Describing an old woman whose flesh has become loose and flabby.

شَفْشَلِيقَةٌnoun

1.
Old and flabby womanclassical
An old woman characterized by loose and flabby flesh.

شَمْشَلِيقٌadjective

1.
Old and flabbyclassical
Similar to 'shafshaleeq', describing an old woman with loose flesh.

شَمْشَلِيقَةٌnoun

1.
Old and flabby womanclassical
An old woman characterized by loose and flabby flesh.

جَنَفْلِيقٌadjective

1.
Large (woman)classical
Describing a large or stout woman.

شَفَقَnoun

1.
Red dyeclassical
A red dye used for coloring fabrics.

مَلْحَفَةٌ شَفَقُ النَّسْجِother

1.
Poorly woven blanketclassical
A blanket that is of poor quality in its weaving.

عَطَاءٌ مُشْفِقٌother

1.
Meager giftclassical
A gift or giving that is small in quantity or amount.

أَشْفَقَ العَطَاءَverb

1.
To give sparinglyclassical
To give or offer something in a limited or meager amount.

شَفَقَ المِلْحَفَةَverb

1.
To weave poorlyclassical
To weave a blanket or fabric in a way that results in poor quality.

أَشْفَقْنَاverb

1.
We entered twilightclassical
We entered into the time of twilight.

أَشْفَقَverb

1.
To bring twilightclassical
To bring about or be associated with twilight.

شَفَقٌnoun

1.
Daytimeclassical
The period of daylight.

أَشْفَاقٌnoun

1.
Apprehensions, concernsclassical
Plural of 'ishfaq', referring to multiple instances of fear or concern.

Parallel reading

والشَّفَقُ: الخيفة.

And 'al-shafaq' means fear.

وأشفقت عليه وأنا مشفق وشفيق

And I felt apprehensive for him, and I am one who feels apprehension and is compassionate.

وإذا قلت: أشفقت منه، فإنما تعني حذرته، وأصلهما واحد

And if you say: 'ashfaqt minhu', you mean 'I was wary of him', and their origin is one.

الليث: الشفق الخوف.

Al-Layth said: 'Al-shafaq' is fear.

تقول: أنا مشفق عليك أي أخاف.

You say: 'Ana mushfiq 'alayk', meaning 'I am afraid for you'.

والشَّفَقُ أيضا الشفقة وهو أن يكون الناصح من بلوغ النصح خائفا على المنصوح.

And 'al-shafaq' is also 'al-shafaqah', which is when the advisor is fearful for the one being advised due to the extent of the advice.

تقول: أشفقت عليه أن يناله مكروه.

You say: 'Ashfaqt 'alayhi an yanalahu makrooh', meaning 'I was apprehensive that harm might befall him'.

وابن سيده: وأشفق عليه حذر، وأشفق منه جزع

And Ibn Sidah said: 'Ashfaqa 'alayhi' means to be wary, and 'ashfaqa minhu' means to be distressed.

والشَّفِيقُ: الناصح الحريص على صلاح المنصوح.

And 'al-shafiq' is the sincere advisor, keen on the well-being of the one being advised.

إنا كنا قبل في أهلنا مشفقين

Indeed, before this, we were among our families, feeling apprehensive.

وشفيق: بمعنى مشفق مثل أليم ووجيع وداع وسميع.

And 'shafiq' is in the sense of 'mushfiq', like 'aleem' (painful) and 'wajea' (sick) and 'da'i' (calling) and 'samee'' (hearing).

والشفق والشفقة: رقة من نصح أو حب يؤدي إلى خوف.

And 'al-shafaq' and 'al-shafaqah' are tenderness from advice or love that leads to fear.

شفقت من الأمر شفقة: بمعنى أشفقت

'Shafiqt min al-amr shafaqah' means 'I was apprehensive about the matter'.

فإني ذو محافظة لقومي، ... إذا شفقت على الرزق العيال

For I am one who maintains my people, ... when I am concerned about providing for the family.

وإنما كان يفعل ذلك شفقا من أن يدركه الموت

He was only doing that out of apprehension that death might overtake him.

الشفق والإشفاق: الخوف، يقال: أشفقت أشفق إشفاقا؛ وهي اللغة العالية.

Al-shafaq and al-ishfaq mean fear; it is said: 'ashfaqt, yushfiqu, ishfaqan', and this is the elevated form of speech.

قال عبيدة أتيناه فازدحمنا على مدرجة رثة فقال: أحسنوا ملأكم أيها المرؤون وما على البناء، شفقا ولكن عليكم

Ubaydah said: We came to him, and we crowded onto a dilapidated ramp, so he said: 'Improve your filling, O men, and what is on the building, out of apprehension, but [focus] on yourselves'.

كما شفقت على الزاد العيال أراد بخلت وضنت، وهو من ذلك لأن البخيل بالشيء مشفق عليه.

As the family was apprehensive about the provisions, meaning they were stingy and miserly, and it is from this, because the miser is apprehensive about his possessions.

والشفق: الرديء من الأشياء وقلما يجمع.

And 'al-shafaq' is the inferior of things, and it is rarely pluralized.

ويقال: عطاء مشفق أي مقلل

And it is said: 'Ata' mushfiq', meaning a meager gift.

ملك أغر من الملوك، تحلبت ... للسائلين يداه، غير مشفق

A noble king among kings, his hands dripped ... for the beggars, not holding back [giving].

وقد أشفق العطاء.

And the giving was meager.

وملحفة شفق النسج: رديئة.

And a 'malhafah shafaq al-nasj' is poorly woven.

وشفق الملحفة: جعلها شفقا في النسج.

And 'shafaq al-malhafah' means to make it of poor quality in weaving.

والشفق: بقية ضوء الشمس وحمرتها في أول الليل ترى في المغرب إلى صلاة العشاء.

And 'al-shafaq' is the remaining sunlight and its redness in the early night, seen in the west until the 'isha' prayer.

والشفق: النهار أيضا؛ عن الزجاج، وقد فسر بهما جميعا قوله تعالى: فلا أقسم بالشفق.

And 'al-shafaq' also means daytime; according to Al-Zajjaj, and both meanings are used to interpret the Almighty's saying: 'So I swear by the twilight'.

وقال الخليل: الشفق الحمرة من غروب الشمس إلى وقت العشاء الأخيرة، فإذا ذهب قيل غاب الشفق

And Al-Khalil said: 'Al-shafaq' is the redness from sunset until the time of the last 'isha' prayer; when it disappears, it is said that 'al-shafaq' has set.

وكان بعض الفقهاء يقول: الشفق البياض لأن الحمرة تذهب إذا أظلمت، وإنما الشفق البياض الذي إذا ذهب صليت العشاء الأخيرة

And some jurists used to say: 'Al-shafaq' is the whiteness because the redness disappears when it gets dark, and 'al-shafaq' is the whiteness which, when it disappears, the last 'isha' prayer is performed.

وكان بعض العرب يقول عليه ثوب مصبوغ كأنه الشفق، وكان أحمر، فهذا شاهد الحمرة.

And some Arabs used to say about someone: 'He is wearing a dyed garment that looks like 'al-shafaq', and it was red', so this is evidence for the redness.

أبو عمرو: الشفق الثوب المصبوغ بالحمرة.

Abu Amr said: 'Al-shafaq' is a garment dyed with redness.

وأشفقنا: دخلنا في الشفق.

And 'ashfaqna' means: we entered into the twilight.

وأشفق وشفق: أتى بشفق وفي مواقيت الصلاة حتى يغيب الشفق؛ هو من الأضداد يقع على الحمرة التي ترى بعد مغيب الشمس، وبه أخذ الشافعي، وعلى البياض الباقي في الأفق الغربي بعد الحمرة المذكورة، وبه أخذ أبو حنيفة.

And 'ashfaqa' and 'shafaq' mean: to bring twilight and [to observe] the prayer times until twilight disappears; it is one of the antonyms, applying to the redness seen after sunset, which Al-Shafi'i adopted, and to the remaining whiteness in the western horizon after the aforementioned redness, which Abu Hanifa adopted.

أنا في أشفاق من هذا الأمر أي في نواح منه، ومثله: أنا عروض منه وفي أعراض منه أي في نواح.

I am in 'ashfaq' from this matter, meaning I am in its peripheries; and similarly: 'Ana 'urood minhu' and 'fi a'raad minhu', meaning in its peripheries.

يقال: عجوز شفشليق وشمشليق إذا استرخى لحمها.

It is said: 'Ajuz shafshaleeq wa shamshaleeq' if her flesh has become loose.

الليث: الجنفليق من النساء العظيمة، وكذلك الشفشليق.

Al-Layth said: 'Al-janfaleeq' refers to a large woman, and likewise 'al-shafshaleeq'.