ضيف

Root entry · 23 derived lemmas

The root ضيف (ḍ-y-f) primarily concerns the concept of being a guest or hosting a guest, involving concepts of hospitality, visiting, and receiving. It extends to related ideas of seeking hospitality, offering shelter, and even metaphorical applications like leaning on something or being drawn to something.

Derived headwords

ضَافَverb

1.
to be a guestboth
To descend upon someone as a guest and be inclined towards them.
2.
to seek hospitalityclassical
To request hospitality from someone.
3.
to hostboth
To offer hospitality to someone, to make them a guest.
4.
to lean onboth
To lean one's back on something, to rely on it.
5.
to be drawn toboth
To incline towards or approach something.
6.
to approach sunsetclassical
Said of the sun when it nears the time of sunset.
7.
to deviateclassical
Said of an arrow when it deviates from the target.
8.
to fearclassical
To be apprehensive or fearful of something.

ضفت الرجل ضيفا وضيافة وتضيفته: نزلت به ضيفا وملت إليه — I stayed with the man as a guest and inclined towards him.

ضفته وتضيفته: طلبت منه الضيافة — I sought hospitality from him.

أضفته وضيفته: أنزلته عليك ضيفا وأملته إليك وقربته — You hosted him, making him your guest, bringing him near to you.

فلما دخلناه، أضفنا ظهورنا إلى كل حاري قشيب مشطب — When we entered it, we leaned our backs against every new, decorated tent.

حتى أضاف إلى واد ضفادعه غرقى ردافى — Until it approached a valley with its drowned, successive frogs.

إذا تضيفت للغروب — When it approaches sunset.

ضَافَةnoun

1.
hospitalityboth
The act or state of being a guest or hosting a guest; hospitality.

ضفت الرجل ضيفا وضيافة وتضيفته: نزلت به ضيفا وملت إليه — I stayed with the man as a guest and inclined towards him, offering hospitality.

تَضَيَّفَverb

1.
to be a guestboth
To descend upon someone as a guest and be inclined towards them.
2.
to seek hospitalityboth
To request hospitality from someone.

تضيفته يوما، فأكرم مقعدي — I stayed with him as a guest for a day, and he honored my seating.

تضيفته: سألته أن يضيفني — I asked him to host me.

أَضَافَverb

1.
to hostboth
To make someone a guest, to offer them hospitality.
2.
to addboth
To attribute or ascribe something to something else; to connect or link.
3.
to cause to leanclassical
To cause someone to lean on or rely on something.
4.
to make fearfulclassical
To cause someone to be apprehensive or fearful.

أضفته وضيفته: أنزلته عليك ضيفا وأملته إليك وقربته — You hosted him, making him your guest, bringing him near to you.

فأبوا أن يضيفوهما — But they refused to host them.

أضفته إلى كذا أي ألجأته — You made it lean on something, meaning you forced it to.

والمضاف: الملجأ المحرج المثقل بالشر — And the 'muḍāf' is the one who is cornered, burdened with evil.

إِضَافَةnoun

1.
hostingboth
The act of offering hospitality.
2.
additionboth
The act of attributing, connecting, or adding something to something else.
3.
grammatical annexationboth
The grammatical construction where one noun is annexed to another, typically for specification or definition.

وأضيفه وضيفته إضافة إذا ألجأه إلى ذلك — And you make him lean on it, meaning you force him to.

إضافة الاسم إلى الاسم كقولك غلام زيد — The annexation of a noun to a noun, like your saying 'the slave of Zayd'.

مُضِيفnoun

1.
hostboth
One who hosts guests.
2.
one who fearsclassical
One who is apprehensive or fearful.

هؤلاء ضيفي فلا تفضحون — These are my guests, so do not disgrace me.

والمضوفة: الأمر يشفق منه ويخاف — And 'al-muḍūfah' is the matter that is feared and dreaded.

ضَيْفnoun

1.
guestboth
A person who is visiting or staying with someone.
2.
sideboth
A side, flank, or edge, particularly of a mountain or valley.

هل أتاك حديث ضيف إبراهيم المكرمين — Has there come to you the story of Abraham's honored guests?

والضيف: جانبا الجبل والوادي — And 'al-ḍayf' is the side of the mountain and the valley.

أَضْيَافnoun

1.
guestsboth
Plural of guest.

إذا نزل الأضياف، كان عذورا — If guests arrive, it is an excuse.

ضُيُوفnoun

1.
guestsboth
Plural of guest.

إذا جاء ضيف، جاء للضيف ضيفن، — When a guest comes, a follower comes for the guest,

ضَيْفَانnoun

1.
guestsboth
Plural of guest.

إذا نزل الأضياف، كان عذورا على الحي حتى تستقل مراجله — If guests arrive, it is an excuse for the household until their cooking pots are emptied.

ضَيْفَةnoun

1.
female guestboth
A female guest.
2.
menstruating womanclassical
A woman who is menstruating.

لقى حملته أمه، وهي ضيفة — Her mother met her pregnancy while she was menstruating.

اِسْتَضَافَverb

1.
to request hospitalityboth
To ask someone for hospitality.
2.
to seek refugeclassical
To seek shelter or refuge with someone.

استضافه: طلب إليه الضيافة — He requested hospitality from him.

فأصبحت عن حقه مستضيفا — So I became seeking refuge from his right.

مُسْتَضِيفnoun

1.
one seeking hospitalityboth
One who is requesting hospitality.
2.
one seeking refugeclassical
One who is seeking refuge.

كما طار قدح المستضيف الموشم — Like the flight of the marked cup of the one seeking hospitality.

ضَيْفَنnoun

1.
follower of a guestclassical
One who comes along with a guest, often to partake in the hospitality.

إذا جاء ضيف، جاء للضيف ضيفن — When a guest comes, a follower comes for the guest.

مُضَافnoun

1.
attachedboth
Attached, connected, or ascribed to something else.
2.
dependentboth
One who is dependent on or allied with a group to which they do not originally belong.
3.
corneredclassical
One who is cornered, trapped, or in a difficult situation, especially in war.

وهو مضاف إلى كذا أي ممال إليه — And it is attributed to such-and-such, meaning inclined towards it.

مضيف ظهره إلى القبة أي مسنده — Leaning his back against the tent, meaning resting it.

وكري إذا نادى المضاف محنبا — And I charge forward when the cornered one calls out, with a swift horse.

تَضَايُفَverb

1.
to narrowclassical
Said of valleys or spaces when they become narrow or constricted.
2.
to be close toclassical
To become close to someone's side.

تضايف الوادي: تضايق — The valley narrowed: it became constricted.

إذا تضايفن عليه انسلا — When they became close to his side, they slipped off.

مُضَوَّفَةnoun

1.
feared matterclassical
A matter that is feared or dreaded.

وكنت إذا جاري دعا لمضوفة، أشمر — And when my neighbor called for a feared matter, I would gird myself.

مُضَافَةnoun

1.
feared matterclassical
A matter that is feared or dreaded.

وهذا البيت يروى على ثلاثة أوجه: على المضوفة، والمضيفة، والمضافة — And this verse is narrated in three ways: 'al-muḍūfah', 'al-muḍīfah', and 'al-muḍāfah'.

مُضِيفَةnoun

1.
feared matterclassical
A matter that is feared or dreaded.

مُضَافِيnoun

1.
guestsboth
Plural of guest.

تقول هؤلاء ضيفي وأضيافي وضيوفي وضيافي — You say 'these are my guests', 'my guests', 'my guests', and 'my guests'.

ضَائِفnoun

1.
one who deviatesclassical
One who deviates or turns aside.

على أن ضيفا قد يجوز أن يكون هاهنا جمع ضائف الذي هو النازل — On the basis that 'ḍayf' here could be the plural of 'ḍā'if', which is one who descends.

مُضِيفًاadjective

1.
deviatingclassical
Deviating or turning aside.

وأراد ضائفا كرابها أي عادلة معوجة فوضع اسم المفعول موضع المصدر — He meant 'ḍā'ifan' like its 'kurāb', meaning deviating and crooked, so he used the passive participle in place of the masdar.

مُضَوَّفnoun

1.
one who is corneredclassical
One who is cornered or burdened with evil.

وبني المضوف على لغة من قال في بيع بوع — And 'al-muḍūf' is constructed according to the dialect of one who says 'bu' for 'bayʿ'.

Parallel reading

ضفت الرجل ضيفا وضيافة وتضيفته: نزلت به ضيفا وملت إليه

I stayed with the man as a guest and inclined towards him.

وقيل: نزلت به وصرت له ضيفا

And it was said: I stayed with him and became his guest.

وضفته وتضيفته: طلبت منه الضيافة

I sought hospitality from him.

وجدت الثرى فينا إذا التمس الثرى، ... ومن هو يرجو فضله المتضيف

I found the earth in us when the earth is sought, ... and he who hopes for the favor of the one seeking hospitality.

تحيز عني خشية أن أضيفها، ... كما انحازت الأفعى مخافة ضارب

He moved away from me fearing that I would host her, ... just as the snake moved away fearing a striker.

ضافها ضيف فأمرت له بملحفة صفراء

A guest visited her, so she ordered a yellow cloak for him.

تضيفت أبا هريرة سبعا

I stayed with Abu Hurayrah as a guest for seven days.

وأضفته وضيفته: أنزلته عليك ضيفا وأملته إليك وقربته

You hosted him, making him your guest, bringing him near to you.

ولذلك قيل: هو مضاف إلى كذا أي ممال إليه

And for that reason it is said: it is attributed to such-and-such, meaning inclined towards it.

فأبوا أن يضيفوهما

But they refused to host them.

استعار له التضييف، وإنما يريد أنه أمنه وسالمه

He metaphorically used 'al-taḍyīf' for him, meaning he wanted that he secured him and made peace with him.

ضيفته إذا أطعمته، قال: والتضييف الإطعام، قال: وأضافه إذا لم يطعمه

I offered him hospitality if I fed him, he said: And 'al-taḍyīf' is feeding, he said: And 'aḍāfahu' if he did not feed him.

فأبوا أن يضيفوهما : يطعموهما

But they refused to host them: meaning to feed them.

أضافه وضيفه عندنا بمعنى واحد كقولك أكرمه الله وكرمه، وأضفته وضيفته

He hosted him and he hosted him are the same to us, like your saying 'Allah honored him' and 'He honored him', and 'you hosted him' and 'you hosted him'.

سألاهم الإضافة فلم يفعلوا

They asked them for hospitality, and they did not do so.

تضيفته يوما، فأكرم مقعدي، ... وأصفدني على الزمانة قائدا

I stayed with him as a guest for a day, and he honored my seating, ... and he gave me a leader in spite of my infirmity.

ومنا خطيب لا يعاب، وقائل ... ومن هو يرجو فضله المتضيف

And among us is an orator who is not blamed, and a speaker ... and he who hopes for the favor of the one seeking hospitality.

ضيفته أنزلته منزلة الأضياف

I treated him as a guest, meaning I placed him in the position of guests.

هل أتاك حديث ضيف إبراهيم المكرمين

Has there come to you the story of Abraham's honored guests?

هؤلاء ضيفي فلا تفضحون

These are my guests, so do not disgrace me.

إذا نزل الأضياف، كان عذورا ... على الحي حتى تستقل مراجله

If guests arrive, it is an excuse ... for the household until their cooking pots are emptied.

تقول هؤلاء ضيفي وأضيافي وضيوفي وضيافي

You say 'these are my guests', 'my guests', 'my guests', and 'my guests'.

لقى حملته أمه، وهي ضيفة، ... فجاءت بيتن للضيافة أرشما

Her mother met her pregnancy while she was menstruating, ... and she came to a house of hospitality, built.

استضافه: طلب إليه الضيافة

He requested hospitality from him.

يطير إذا الشعراء ضافت بحلبه، ... كما طار قدح المستضيف الموشم

It flies when the poets visit its milking place, ... like the flight of the marked cup of the one seeking hospitality.

إذا جاء ضيف، جاء للضيف ضيفن، ... فأودى بما تقرى الضيوف الضيافن

When a guest comes, a follower comes for the guest, ... and he perished with what the guests are served.

حتى أضاف إلى واد ضفادعه ... غرقى ردافى، تراها تشتكي النشجا

Until it approached a valley with its drowned, successive frogs, ... which you see complaining of thirst.

ضافني الهم كذلك

Worry also approached me.

فلما دخلناه، أضفنا ظهورنا ... إلى كل حاري قشيب مشطب

When we entered it, we leaned our backs ... against every new, decorated tent.

مضيف ظهره إلى القبة أي مسنده

Leaning his back against the tent, meaning resting it.

أخليد، إن أباك ضاف وساده ... همان، باتا جنبة ودخيلا

Khalid, your father's pillow was visited by ... two worries, they spent the night beside him and inside him.

إذا تضيفت للغروب

When it approaches sunset.

نهى رسول الله، صلى الله عليه وسلم، عن الصلاة إذا تضيفت الشمس لغروب

The Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, forbade prayer when the sun approaches sunset.

ضاف عنك يوم بدر أي ملت عنك وعدلت

I deviated from you on the day of Badr, meaning I turned away from you and deviated.

أراد ضائفا كرابها أي عادلة معوجة فوضع اسم المفعول موضع المصدر

He meant 'ḍā'ifan' like its 'kurāb', meaning deviating and crooked, so he used the passive participle in place of the masdar.

أنت تجيب دعوة المضوف

You answer the call of the one who is cornered.

ويحمي المضاف إذا ما دعا، ... إذا ما دعا اللمة الفيلم

And he protects the cornered one when he calls, ... when the group calls.

وكري إذا نادى المضاف محنبا، ... كسيد الغضا، نبهته، المتورد

And I charge forward when the cornered one calls out, with a swift horse, ... like the master of the thorny bush, I roused him, the thirsty one.

وأحمي المستضافا

And I protect the one seeking refuge.

فأصبحت عن حقه مستضيفا

So I became seeking refuge from his right.

وكان النكير أن تضيف وتجأرا

And the severity was that you should fear and cry out.

وكنت إذا جاري دعا لمضوفة، ... أشمر حتى ينصف الساق مئزري

And when my neighbor called for a feared matter, ... I would gird myself until my loincloth reached halfway up my leg.

أن ابن الكواء وقيس بن عباد «1» جاآه فقالا له: أتيناك مضافين مثقلين

That Ibn al-Kawwā' and Qays ibn ʿAbbād came to him and said to him: We have come to you as those who fear, burdened.

مضافين أي خائفين، وقيل: مضافين ملجأين

Meaning fearful, and it was said: meaning those seeking refuge.

أضاف من الأمر إذا أشفق

He feared the matter if he was apprehensive.

وحذر من إضافة الشيء إلى الشيء إذا ضمه إليه

And he warned against annexing a thing to a thing if he joined it to it.

يقال: أضاف من الأمر وضاف إذا خافه وأشفق منه

It is said: 'aḍāfa' from the matter and 'ḍāfa' if he feared it and was apprehensive of it.

والضيف: جانبا الجبل والوادي

And 'al-ḍayf' is the side of the mountain and the valley.

إذا تضايفن عليه انسلا

When they became close to his side, they slipped off.

أن العدو يوم حنين كمنوا في أحناء الوادي ومضايفه

That the enemy on the day of Hunayn lay in ambush in the ravines and sides of the valley.

تضيف إلى صوته الغيلم

She is drawn to the voice of the beautiful young woman.

تضيف إلى صوته الغيلم

She is drawn to his voice, the beautiful young woman.