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دنف

Root entry · 15 derived lemmas

This root primarily concerns severe illness, often to the point of near-death. It also extends metaphorically to describe something nearing its end or becoming yellowed, like the setting sun.

Derived headwords

دَنَفnoun
  1. 1.
    persistent illnessclassical

    A persistent and consuming illness, or simply any illness.

دَنِفadjective
  1. 1.
    illclassical

    A person afflicted by illness to the point of near-death. This form, when used as an adjective, is treated as a مصدر (verbal noun) and is not inflected for number or gender.

دَنِفadjective
  1. 1.
    illclassical

    A person afflicted by illness to the point of near-death. This form, when inflected, is treated as a regular adjective and can be dualized, pluralized, and feminized.

دَنِفَانadjective
  1. 1.
    two ill peopleclassical

    The dual form of 'دَنِف', referring to two men afflicted by severe illness.

أَدْنَافadjective
  1. 1.
    ill peopleclassical

    The plural form of 'دَنِف', referring to a group of men afflicted by severe illness.

دَنِفَةadjective
  1. 1.
    ill womanclassical

    The feminine form of 'دَنِف', referring to a woman afflicted by severe illness.

دَنِفَاتadjective
  1. 1.
    ill womenclassical

    The feminine plural form of 'دَنِف', referring to a group of women afflicted by severe illness.

مُدَنَّفadjective
  1. 1.
    severely illclassical

    A person who is severely ill, almost to the point of death. This is an active participle form.

مُدْنِفadjective
  1. 1.
    severely illclassical

    A person who is severely ill, almost to the point of death. This is an active participle form.

دَنِفَverb
  1. 1.
    to be illclassical

    The patient became seriously ill, with the illness becoming severe.

أَدْنَـفَverb
  1. 1.
    to be illclassical

    The patient became seriously ill, with the illness becoming severe. This is Form IV.

أَدْنَـفَverb
  1. 1.
    to bring nearclassical

    To make something approach or come near. This verb can be transitive or intransitive.

أَدْنَـفَـهُ اللهverb
  1. 1.
    God made him illclassical

    God caused him to become ill. This is the transitive usage of Form IV.

دَنَـفَـتِ الشمسverb
  1. 1.
    the sun neared sunsetclassical

    The sun approached the horizon, becoming yellowed as it neared sunset. This is a metaphorical usage.

أَدْنَـفَـتِ الشمسverb
  1. 1.
    the sun neared sunsetclassical

    The sun approached the horizon, becoming yellowed as it neared sunset. This is a metaphorical usage, using Form IV.

Parallel reading

الدنف: المرض اللازم المخامر، وقيل: هو المرض ما كان.
Al-danf: the persistent, consuming illness, and it was said: it is illness, whatever it may be.
ورجل دنف ودنف ومدنف ومدنف: براه المرض حتى أشفى على الموت
And a man is danif and danif and mudannaf and mudannaf: illness has worn him out until he is on the verge of death.
فمن قال دنف لم يثنه ولم يجمعه ولم يؤنثه كأنه وصف بالمصدر
So whoever says 'danif' (with fathah) does not dualize, pluralize, or feminize it, as if describing with the verbal noun.
ومن كسر ثنى وجمع وأنث لا محالة فقال: رجل دنف، بالكسر، ورجلان دنفان وأدناف، وامرأة دنفة ونسوة دنفات، ثنيت وجمعت وأنثت.
And whoever uses kasrah dualizes, pluralizes, and feminizes it necessarily, saying: a man is danif (with kasrah), two men are danifan and adnaf, a woman is danifah and women are danifat; it was dualized, pluralized, and feminized.
الفراء: رجل دنف وضنى وقوم دنف، قال: ويجوز أن يثنى الدنف ويجمع فيقال: أخوان دنفان وإخوتك أدناف.
Al-Farra' said: a man is danif and danif (sickly) and a people are danif. He said: it is permissible to dualize and pluralize 'danif', so one says: two brothers are danifan and your brothers are adnaf.
الجوهري: رجل دنف وامرأة دنف وقوم دنف يستوي فيه المذكر والمؤنث والتثنية والجمع.
Al-Jawhari said: a man is danif, a woman is danif, and a people are danif; the masculine, feminine, dual, and plural are the same.
وقد دنف المريض، بالكسر، أي ثقل
And the patient became ill, with kasrah, meaning he became severely ill.
وأدنف مثله
And 'adnafa' is similar.
وأدنفه يتعدى ولا يتعدى.
And 'adnafa' can be transitive and intransitive.
قال سيبويه: لا يقال دنف وإن كانوا قد قالوا دنف يذهب به إلى النسب
Sibawayh said: 'danifa' (as a verb) is not said, even though they have said 'danif' (as an adjective) referring to lineage.
والعجاج: والشمس قد كادت تكون دنفا، ... أدفعها بالراح كي تزحلفا
And Al-A'raj said: And the sun was almost danif, ... I push it away with my hand to make it slide.
أي حين اصفرت، أراد مداناتها للغروب فكأنها دنف حينئذ، وهو استعارة
Meaning when it yellowed, intending its proximity to sunset, so it was like danif at that time, and this is a metaphor.
يقال: دنفت الشمس وأدنفت إذا دنت للمغيب واصفرت.
It is said: the sun 'danifat' and 'adnafat' when it nears sunset and yellows.