خوف

Root entry · 36 derived lemmas

This root primarily concerns the concept of fear, apprehension, and dread. It extends to related ideas such as causing fear, being feared, and the state of being afraid. It also encompasses related concepts like caution, vigilance, and even specific objects or places associated with fear.

Derived headwords

خَافَverb

1.
to fearboth
To experience fear, apprehension, or dread.
2.
to be afraid ofboth
To feel fear towards someone or something.

يَخَافُverb

1.
he fearsboth
The present tense form of the verb 'to fear'.

خَوْفًاnoun

1.
fearboth
The state of being afraid; apprehension or dread.

خِيفَةًnoun

1.
fearboth
A specific instance or feeling of fear; apprehension.

مَخَافَةًnoun

1.
fearboth
The act or state of fearing; apprehension.

التَّخْوِيفُnoun

1.
intimidationboth
The act of causing fear or intimidation in someone.

الإِخَافَةُnoun

1.
causing fearboth
The act of making someone afraid or causing them to fear.

التَّخَوُّفُnoun

1.
apprehensionboth
A feeling of fear or anxiety about the future; apprehension.
2.
diminutionclassical
The act of diminishing or reducing something, often by taking from its edges.

خَائِفٌadjective

1.
fearfulboth
Experiencing fear; feeling apprehension.

خَوَّفَverb

1.
to frightenboth
To make someone afraid; to intimidate.
2.
to make fearedboth
To cause someone or something to be feared by others.

خِفْverb

1.
fear!both
The imperative form of the verb 'to fear'.

خَائِفُونَnoun

1.
the fearfulboth
Plural of 'khā'if', referring to those who are fearful.

خَوَّفَverb

1.
to make fearfulboth
To cause someone to become fearful.

أَخَافَverb

1.
to cause to fearboth
To make someone else fear; to intimidate.

مُخَوَّفٌadjective

1.
fearedboth
Causing fear; something that is feared.
2.
intimidatingboth
Having the quality of inspiring fear.

مُخِيفٌadjective

1.
frighteningboth
Causing fear or alarm.
2.
intimidatingboth
Having the quality of inspiring fear.

خَيْفٌnoun

1.
fearclassical
A state of fear or apprehension.

خِيَافٌnoun

1.
fearclassical
A state of fear or apprehension.

خَوَّافٌnoun

1.
black birdclassical
A type of black bird, the reason for the name is unclear.

خَافَةٌnoun

1.
leather bagclassical
A bag made of leather, often used for carrying honey or other goods.
2.
garmentclassical
A garment worn by a beekeeper to protect against stings.
3.
container for seedsclassical
A container for seeds or grain.

تَخَوَّفَverb

1.
to fearboth
To feel fear or apprehension.
2.
to diminishclassical
To reduce or lessen something, often by taking from its edges.

مَخَافٌnoun

1.
place of fearclassical
A place where fear is experienced or felt.

مَخِيفٌnoun

1.
place of fearclassical
A place that inspires fear.

أَخْيِفُواverb

1.
make them fearclassical
To cause something to be feared; to make them afraid.

خَاوَفَverb

1.
to overcome in fearclassical
To be more fearful than someone else, or to overcome them in fear.

مَخُوفٌadjective

1.
fearedboth
Something that is feared or causes fear.
2.
dangerousboth
Likely to cause harm or danger.

طَرِيقٌ مَخُوفٌadjective phrase

1.
dangerous roadboth
A road that is feared due to potential danger, such as from bandits.

وَجَعٌ مُخِيفٌadjective phrase

1.
frightening painboth
Pain that causes fear or alarm to those who witness it.

ثَغْرٌ مُتَخَوِّفٌadjective phrase

1.
vulnerable frontierclassical
A frontier or border from which danger is feared to come.

ثَغْرٌ مُخِيفٌadjective phrase

1.
frightening frontierclassical
A frontier that inspires fear or is a source of danger.

الخَوْفُnoun

1.
fearboth
The general concept of fear, dread, or apprehension.
2.
killingclassical
The act of killing.
3.
fightingclassical
The act of fighting or combat.
4.
knowledgeclassical
Knowledge or awareness.

خَائِفٌadjective

1.
fearfulboth
Experiencing fear.

خَافَadjective

1.
fearfulclassical
Intensely fearful.

تَحَوَّفَverb

1.
to diminishclassical
To diminish or take away from, especially from the edges.

تَحَيَّفَverb

1.
to diminishclassical
To diminish or take away from, especially from the edges.

تَخَيَّفَverb

1.
to diminishclassical
To diminish or take away from, especially from the edges.

Parallel reading

خافه يخافه خوفا وخيفة ومخافة.

He feared him, fearing him with fear, apprehension, and dread.

وإنما صارت الواو ألفا في يخاف لأنه على بناء عمل يعمل، فاستثقلوا الواو فألقوها.

The 'waw' became an 'alif' in 'yakhāf' because it follows the pattern of 'yaʿmalu', and they found the 'waw' heavy so they dropped it.

ومننه التخويف والإخافة والتخوف.

Among its derivatives are 'al-takhwīf' (intimidation), 'al-īkhāfah' (causing fear), and 'al-takhawwuf' (apprehension).

والنعت خائف وهو الفزع.

And the adjective is 'khā'if', which means 'al-fazaʿ' (terror).

إنما أراد بالخوف المخافة فأنث لذلك.

He intended 'al-makhāfah' (dread) by 'al-khawf' (fear), and therefore made it feminine.

وقوم خوف على الأصل، وخيف على اللفظ، وخيف وخوف؛ الأخيرة اسم للجمع، كلهم خائفون.

And 'qawm khawf' is according to the original form, 'qawm khīf' according to the pronunciation, and 'qawm khīf' and 'qawm khūf'; the latter is a plural noun, all of them are 'khā'ifūn' (fearful).

والأمر منه خف، بفتح الخاء.

And the command from it is 'khiff', with a 'fatha' on the 'kha'.

وتخوفت عليه الشيء أي خفت.

And 'takhawwaftu 'alayhi al-shay' means 'I feared it'.

وتخوفه: كخافه، وأخافه إياه إخافة وإخافا؛ عن اللحياني.

And 'takhawwafahu' is like 'khāfahū' (he feared him), and 'akhāfahū iyyāhu ikhāfatan wa ikhāfā; according to Al-Lahyānī.

فسره فقال: يكفيهن أن يضرب غيرهن.

He explained it, saying: 'It is enough for them that others are struck.'

وخوف الرجل إذا جعل فيه الخوف، وخوفته إذا جعلته بحالة يخافه الناس.

And 'khawwafa al-rajul' means when fear is put into him, and 'khawwaftuhu' means when you put him in a state where people fear him.

وخوف الرجل جعل الناس يخافونه.

And 'khawwafa al-rajul' means making people fear him.

إنما ذلكم الشيطان يخوف أولياءه أي يجعلكم تخافون أولياءه؛

That is only Satan who makes you fear his allies, meaning he makes you fear his allies.

والعرب تضيف المخافة إلى المخوف فتقول أنا أخافك كخوف الأسد أي كما أخوف بالأسد؛

And the Arabs attribute 'al-makhāfah' (fear) to the 'al-makhūf' (feared one), saying 'I fear you like the lion's fear', meaning 'as I cause fear with the lion'.

وقد خفت حتى ما تزيد مخافتي ... على وعل، بذي المطارة، عاقل

And I have feared so much that my fear does not exceed that of a mountain goat, in Dhi al-Matarah, a wise man.

والاسم من ذلك كله الخيفة، والخيفة الخوف.

And the noun from all of that is 'al-khīfah', and 'al-khīfah' is 'al-khawf' (fear).

واذكر ربك في نفسك تضرعا وخيفة.

And remember your Lord within yourself in supplication and fear.

والجمع خيف وأصله الواو؛

And the plural is 'khayf', and its origin is 'waw'.

فلا تقعدن على زخة، ... وتضمر في القلب وجدا وخيفا

So do not sit upon a precipice, and harbor in your heart longing and fear.

وإنما يخيف قاطع الطريق، وخص بالمخيف الوجع أي يخيف من رآه.

Only the highwayman causes fear, and 'al-mukhīf' is specified for pain, meaning it frightens whoever sees it.

والإخافة: التخويف.

And 'al-īkhāfah' is 'al-takhwīf' (intimidation).

وحائط مخوف إذا كان يخشى أن يقع هو؛ عن اللحياني.

And a 'ḥā'iṭ makhūf' is a wall that is feared to fall; according to Al-Lahyānī.

وثغر متخوف ومخيف: يخاف منه، وقيل: إذا كان الخوف يجيء من قبله.

And a 'thaghr mutakhawwif' and 'mukhīf' is one from which fear is felt, or it is said: if fear comes from its direction.

ولنبلونكم بشيء من الخوف والجوع.

And We will surely test you with something of fear and hunger.

وإذا جاءهم أمر من الأمن أو الخوف أذاعوا به.

And when an affair of security or fear comes to them, they spread it around.

فمن خاف من موص جنفا أو إثما وإن امرأة خافت من بعلها نشوزا أو إعراضا.

So whoever fears injustice or sin from a testator, or if a woman fears ill-conduct or aversion from her husband.

والخوف: أديم أحمر يقد منه أمثال السيور ثم يجعل على تلك السيور شذر تلبسه الجارية؛

And 'al-khawf' is red leather from which strips are cut, then beads are placed on those strips, which a young woman wears.

والخواف: طائر أسود، قال ابن سيده: لا أدري لم سمي بذلك.

And 'al-khawwāf' is a black bird, Ibn Sīdah said: I do not know why it was named that.

والخافة: خريطة من أدم؛ وأنشد في ترجمة عنظب: غدا كالعملس في خافة ... رؤوس العناظب كالعنجد

And 'al-khāfah' is a leather bag; and he recited in the entry 'ʿanzab': He went forth like a swift gazelle in a bag... the heads of the wild asses like cinnabar.

والخافة: خريطة من أدم ضيقة الأعلى واسعة الأسفل يشتار فيها العسل.

And 'al-khāfah' is a leather bag, narrow at the top and wide at the bottom, in which honey is extracted.

والخافة: جبة يلبسها العسال، وقيل: هي فرو من أدم يلبسها الذي يدخل في بيت النحل لئلا يلسعه؛

And 'al-khāfah' is a cloak worn by the beekeeper, or it is said: it is a fur of leather worn by one who enters a beehive so as not to be stung.

تأبط خافة فيها مساب، ... فأصبح يقتري مسدا بشيق

He carried under his arm a bag containing honeycombs, and began to acquire honey with a tool.

عين خافة عند أبي علي ياء مأخوذة من قولهم الناس أخياف أي مختلفون لأن الخافة خريطة من أدم منقوشة بأنواع مختلفة من النقش، فعلى هذا كان ينبغي أن تذكر الخافة في فصل خيف، وقد ذكرناها هناك أيضا.

The 'ʿayn' of 'khāfah' according to Abū ʿAlī is 'yā', derived from their saying 'al-nās akhyāf' (people are diverse) because 'al-khāfah' is a leather bag engraved with different types of patterns, so according to this, 'al-khāfah' should have been mentioned in the section on 'khayf', and we have mentioned it there as well.

والخافة: العيبة.

And 'al-khāfah' is 'al-ʿaybah' (a bag or pouch).

مثل المؤمن كمثل خافة الزرع ؛ الخافة وعاء الحب، سميت بذلك لأنها وقاية له، والرواية بالميم، وسيأتي ذكره في موضعه.

The likeness of the believer is like the bag of seeds; 'al-khāfah' is a container for seeds, named so because it protects them, and the narration is with a 'mīm', and its mention will come in its place.

أو يأخذهم على تخوف ؛ قال الفراء: جاء في التفسير بأنه التنقص.

Or He takes them by 'takhawwuf'; Al-Farra' said: It came in the interpretation as 'diminution'.

والعرب تقول تخوفته أي تنقصته من حافاته، قال: فهذا الذي سمعته، قال: وقد أتى التفسير بالحاء، قال الزجاج: ويجوز أن يكون معناه أو يأخذهم بعد أن يخيفهم بأن يهلك قرية فتخاف التي تليها؛

And the Arabs say 'takhawwaftuhu' meaning 'I diminished it from its edges'. He said: This is what I heard. He said: And the interpretation came with 'ḥā'. Al-Zajjāj said: It is also possible that its meaning is 'or He takes them after He frightens them by destroying a village, so the next one fears'.

تخوف السير منها تامكا قردا، ... كما تخوف عود النبعة السفن

The journey diminished it, making it lean like a monkey, just as the السفن (iron tool) diminishes the 'nabʿah' wood.

يقال: خوفه وخوف منه؛ قال ابن السكيت: يقال هو يتحوف المال ويتخوفه أي يتنقصه ويأخذ من أطرافه.

It is said: 'khawwafahu' and 'khawwaf minhu'; Ibn Al-Sukayt said: It is said 'he 'yataḥawwafu' al-māl wa 'yatakhawwafuhu', meaning he diminishes it and takes from its edges.

تحوفته وتحيفته وتخوفته وتخيفته إذا تنقصته؛

'Taḥawwaftuhu', 'taḥayraftuhu', 'takhawwaftuhu', and 'takhayraftuhu' if you diminish it.

وجامل خوف من نيبه ... زجر المعلى أصلا والسفيح

And a camel diminished from its hump... the call of the leader, the original and the lower part.

وخوف غنمه: أرسلها قطعة قطعة.

And 'khawwafa ghanamahū' means he sent his sheep out piece by piece.