فرس

Root entry · 22 derived lemmas

This root primarily concerns horses, their riders, and related concepts of skill, insight, and action. It extends to the act of killing or breaking, particularly the neck, and metaphorically to keen observation and understanding.

Derived headwords

فَرَسnoun

1.
horseboth
The singular of 'khayl' (horses), referring to the animal. Both male and female are called 'faras'.
2.
starclassical
A known star, named for its resemblance in shape to a horse.

أَفْرَاسnoun

1.
horsesboth
The plural of 'faras' (horse).

فَرِيسnoun

1.
foalclassical
A diminutive form of 'faras' (horse), considered rare.
2.
killed animalclassical
An animal that has been killed, especially by a predator like a wolf or lion.
3.
humpclassical
A hump on the back, or a condition causing a hump.
4.
wooden ringclassical
A wooden ring attached to the end of a rope.

فَرِسَةnoun

1.
female horseclassical
Specifically refers to a female horse, though the term 'faras' is generally used for both genders.
2.
humpclassical
A hump on the back, or a condition causing a hump.
3.
wind causing humpclassical
A wind that causes a hump or curvature of the spine.
4.
sore on humpclassical
A sore that can occur on a hump.

فَرِيسَةnoun

1.
preyboth
An animal that is hunted and killed by a predator.
2.
diminutive of female horseclassical
The diminutive form of a female horse.

فَارِسnoun

1.
riderboth
One who rides a horse, or any riding animal like a mule or donkey.
2.
skilled personboth
A person who is knowledgeable and skilled in a particular matter.

فُرْسَانnoun

1.
ridersboth
The plural of 'fāris' (rider).

فَوَارِسnoun

1.
ridersclassical
An irregular plural of 'fāris' (rider), used for masculine nouns.

فَرَاسَةnoun

1.
insightboth
Keen observation, discernment, and understanding of matters, often through intuition or divine inspiration.
2.
skill in horsemanshipboth
Expertise and skill in riding and managing horses.

فُرُوسِيَّةnoun

1.
horsemanshipboth
The art, skill, and practice of riding horses.
2.
skill in combatclassical
Skill in warfare, particularly involving horses.

فُرُوسَةnoun

1.
horsemanshipboth
Skill and expertise in riding horses.
2.
insightclassical
Discernment and understanding of matters.

فَارَسَverb

1.
to engage in horsemanshipclassical
To practice horsemanship or engage in riding.
2.
to sparclassical
To engage in a contest or mock combat, especially on horseback.

تَفَرَّسَverb

1.
to discernboth
To observe carefully and discern, to gain insight into something.
2.
to observe closelyboth
To look closely and attentively at something.

فَرَسَverb

1.
to break the neckclassical
To break or sever the neck of an animal, especially during slaughter.
2.
to crushclassical
To crush or break something.

أَفْرَسَverb

1.
to offer for preyclassical
To expose an animal to a predator, allowing it to be hunted.
2.
to be most insightfulclassical
To be the most discerning or insightful.

اِفْتَرَسَverb

1.
to prey uponboth
To hunt and kill another animal for food.
2.
to devourboth
To consume or destroy something completely.

فَرَّاسadjective

1.
predatoryclassical
A lion or other predator that is known for its ferocity and frequent hunting.

فَرْنَاسname

1.
lionclassical
One of the names for a lion, possibly derived from the root's meaning of breaking or crushing.

فَرَسَةnoun

1.
humpclassical
A hump on the back, or a condition causing a hump.
2.
wind causing humpclassical
A wind that causes a hump or curvature of the spine.
3.
sore on humpclassical
A sore that can occur on a hump.

مَفْرُوسadjective

1.
humpbackedclassical
Having a hump on the back.
2.
broken-backedclassical
Having a broken or injured back.

فَرِيسnoun

1.
killed animalclassical
An animal that has been killed, especially by a predator.
2.
humpclassical
A hump on the back.

فُرْسَىnoun

1.
killed onesclassical
Plural of 'farīs', referring to killed individuals.

Parallel reading

الفرس: واحد الخيل، والجمع أفراس، الذكر والأنثى في ذلك سواء، ولا يقال للأنثى فيه فرسة

The 'faras': the singular of horses, and the plural is 'afrās'. The male and female are the same in this regard, and the female is not called 'farasah'.

وتصغيرها فريس نادر

And its diminutive 'farīs' is rare.

وإن أردت تصغير الفرس الأنثى خاصة لم تقل إلا فريسة، بالهاء

And if you want to specifically form the diminutive of a female horse, you only say 'farīsah', with the 'hā'.

ورَاكِبُهُ فَارِسٌ مِثْلُ لَابِنٍ وَتَامِرٍ

And its rider is a 'fāris', like 'lābin' (one who has milk) and 'tāmir' (one who has dates).

إذا كان الرجل على حافر، برذونًا كان أو فرسًا أو بغلًا أو حمارًا، قلت: مر بنا فارس على بغل ومر بنا فارس على حمار

If a man is on a hoofed animal, whether it's a mule, a horse, a donkey, or an ass, you say: 'A rider passed us on a mule' and 'A rider passed us on an ass'.

والفرس: نجم معروف لمشاكلته الفرس في صورته

And 'al-faras': a known star, for its resemblance in shape to a horse.

والفارس: صاحب الفرس على إرادة النسب، والجمع فرسان وفوارس

And 'al-fāris': the owner of the horse, with the intention of lineage, and the plural is 'fursān' and 'fawāris'.

وهو أحد ما شذ من هذا النوع فجاء في المذكر على فواعل

And it is one of what is irregular from this type, coming in the masculine form as 'fawā'il'.

والمصدر الفراسة والفروسة، ولا فعل له

And the مصدر (verbal noun) is 'al-farāsah' and 'al-furūsiyyah', and it has no verb form.

وقد فارسه مفارسة وفراسا

And he engaged with him in 'mufārasah' and 'firās'.

والفراسة بالفتح، مصدر قولك رجل فارس على الخيل

And 'al-farāsah' (with fatḥah) is the مصدر of your saying 'a man is a 'fāris' on horseback'.

يقال: إن فلانا لفارس بذلك الأمر إذا كان عالما به

It is said: 'So-and-so is a 'fāris' in that matter if he is knowledgeable about it'.

اتقوا فراسة المؤمن فإنه ينظر بنور الله

Beware the 'farāsah' of the believer, for he sees with the light of God.

وقد فرس فلان، بالضم، يفرس فروسة وفراسة إذا حذق أمر الخيل

And so-and-so has become 'faras' (with ḍammah), he 'yafruus' with 'furūsah' and 'farāsah' if he masters the matter of horses.

وهو يتفرس إذا كان يري الناس أنه فارس على الخيل

And he is 'yatafarras' if he makes people believe he is a 'fāris' on horseback.

وهو يتفرس إذا كان يتثبت وينظر

And he is 'yatafarras' if he is deliberate and observes.

فقال: أنا أفرس بالرجال ؛ يريد أبصر وأعرف

So he said: 'I am more 'afraṣ' with men'; meaning more observant and knowledgeable.

ورجل فارس بالأمر أي عالم به بصير

And a man is 'fāris' in a matter, meaning knowledgeable and insightful about it.

والفراسة، بكسر الفاء: في النظر والتثبت والتأمل للشيء والبصر به

And 'al-farāsah' (with kasrah) is in looking, deliberating, contemplating a thing, and perceiving it.

وفي الحديث: علموا أولادكم العوم والفراسة ؛ الفراسة، بالفتح: العلم بركوب الخيل وركضها، من الفروسية

And in the Hadith: 'Teach your children swimming and 'al-farāsah' (with fatḥah): knowledge of riding horses and their gallop, from 'al-furūsiyyah'.

والفارس الحاذق بما يمارس من الأشياء كلها، وبها سمي الرجل فارسا

And the 'fāris' is the one skilled in all the things he practices, and by this, a man is named 'fāris'.

تفرس فيه الشيء: توسمه

You 'tafarras' something in him: you perceive its signs.

وفي الحديث: اتقوا فراسة المؤمن ؛ قال ابن الأثير: يقال بمعنيين

And in the Hadith: 'Beware the 'farāsah' of the believer'; Ibn al-Athīr said: it is said in two meanings.

أحدهما ما يوقعه الله تعالى في قلوب أوليائه فيعلمون أحوال بعض الناس بنوع من الكرامات وإصابة الظن والحدس

The first is what God Almighty places in the hearts of His saints, so they know the conditions of some people through a type of miracle, accurate conjecture, and intuition.

والثاني نوع يتعلم بالدلائل والتجارب والخلق والأخلاق فتعرف به أحوال الناس

The second is a type learned through signs, experiences, character, and morals, by which people's conditions are known.

أفرس الناس أي أجودهم وأصدقهم فراسة ثلاثة: امرأة العزيز في يوسف، وابنة شعيب في موسى، وأبو بكر في تولية عمر بن الخطاب

'Afraṣ' of people, meaning the most excellent and truest in 'farāsah', are three: the wife of al-Aziz concerning Joseph, the daughter of Shu'ayb concerning Moses, and Abu Bakr concerning the appointment of Umar ibn al-Khaṭṭāb.

وهو يتفرس أي يتثبت وينظر؛ تقول منه: رجل فارس النظر

And he is 'yatafarras', meaning he is deliberate and observes; from this you say: a man of 'fāris' sight.

هما كفرسي رهان أيهما سبق أخذ به

They are like two racing horses; whichever wins is taken.

وفرس الذبيحة فرسها: قطع نخاعها

And 'faras' of the slaughtered animal, he 'yafursihā': cut its spinal cord.

وقد فرس، وقد كره الفرس في الذبيحة

And it has been 'faras' (done), and 'al-faras' in the slaughtered animal was disliked.

الفَرَس هو النَّخْع، وذلك أن تنتهي بالذبح إلى النخاع

'Al-faras' is 'al-nakha'', which is to reach the spinal cord with the slaughter.

وأما الفرس فقد خولف فيه فقيل: هو الكسر كأنه نهى أن يكسر عظم رقبة الذبيحة قبل أن تبرد

As for 'al-faras', there is disagreement about it, and it was said: it is the breaking, as if it was forbidden to break the bone of the slaughtered animal's neck before it cools.

والفرس بالسين، الكسر، وبالصاد، الشق

And 'al-faras' with 'sīn' is breaking, and with 'ṣād', is splitting.

الفرس أن تدق الرقبة قبل أن تذبح الشاة

'Al-faras' is to crush the neck before slaughtering the sheep.

وفي الحديث: أمر مناديه فنادى: لا تنخعوا ولا تفرسوا

And in the Hadith: he ordered his caller to call out: 'Do not sever the spinal cord, and do not 'tafursū' (break the neck).

وفرس الشيء فرسا: دقه وكسره

And 'faras' of a thing, 'farsan': to crush and break it.

وفرس السبع الشيء يفرسه فرسا

And the predator 'yafruus' the thing, 'farsan'.

وافتراس الدابة: أخذه فدق عنقه

And 'iftirās' of the mount: taking it and crushing its neck.

وفرس الغنم: أكثر فيها من ذلك

And 'faras' of the sheep: to increase that within them.

ظل يفرسها ويؤكلها أي يكثر ذلك فيها

He continued to 'yafursihā' and 'yu'kiluhā', meaning to increase that within them.

وسبع فراس: كثير الافتراس

And a 'farrās' predator: one that frequently preys.

والأصل في الفرس دق العنق، ثم كثر حتى جعل كل قتل فرسا

And the origin of 'faras' is crushing the neck, then it became widespread until every killing was called 'faras'.

ويقال: ثور فريس وبقرة فريس

And it is said: a 'farīs' bull and a 'farīs' cow.

إن الله يرسل النغف عليهم فيصبحون فرسى أي قتلى، الواحد فريس

God sends maggots upon them, and they wake up 'firsan', meaning killed, the singular is 'farīs'.

وفرسى: جمع فريس مثل قتلى وقتيل

And 'firsan': plural of 'farīs', like 'qatlā' (killed) and 'qatīl' (killed).

وفرس الذئب الشاة فرسا

And the wolf 'faras' the sheep, 'farsan'.

وأفرس الراعي أي فرس الذئب شاة من غنمه

And the shepherd 'afraṣa', meaning the wolf 'faras' a sheep from his flock.

وأفرس الرجل الأسد حماره إذا تركه له ليفترسه وينجو هو

And the man 'afraṣa' the lion his donkey, by leaving it for it to prey upon, so he himself could escape.

وفرسه الشيء: عرضه له يفترسه

And the thing 'afraṣa' him: it exposed him to it for predation.

ضربا إذا صاب اليآفيخ احتفر، ... في الهام دخلانا يفرسن النعر

Striking, when it hits the temples, it digs in, ... into the skull, entering and 'yafursin' the nerves.

أي أن هذه الجراحات واسعة، فهي تمكن النعر مما تريده منها

Meaning these wounds are wide, so they enable the nerves to do what they want from them.

فقد، وأبي، راعي الكواعب، أفرس

Indeed, by my father, the guardian of the young women, I 'afraṣa'.

أتته ذئاب لا يبالين راعيا، ... وكن ذئابا تشتهي أن تفرسا

Wolves came to him, not caring about a guardian, ... and they were wolves desiring to 'tafursā'.

أي كانت هذه النساء مشتهيات للتفريس فجعلهن كالسوام إلا أنهن خالفن السوام لأن السوام لا تشتهي أن تفرس، إذ في ذلك حتفها، والنساء يشتهين ذلك لما فيه من لذتهن، إذ فرس الرجال النساء هاهنا إنما هو مواصلتهن

Meaning these women were desirous of 'tafrīs', so he made them like grazing animals, except that they differed from grazing animals because grazing animals do not desire to be 'faras' (preyed upon), as that is their demise, while women desire that due to the pleasure in it for them, as 'faras' of men upon women here means their intimacy.

فقد فرست؛ قال سيبويه: قد يضعون أفعل موضع فعلت ولا يضعون فعلت في موضع أفعل إلا في مجازاة نحو إن فعلت فعلت

Indeed, I 'faraṣtu'; Sibawayh said: they may place 'af'ala' in the place of 'fa'alta' but they do not place 'fa'alta' in the place of 'af'ala' except in reciprocation, like 'if you do, I do'.

وإنما كنى بالذئاب عن الرجال لأن الزناة خبثاء كما أن الذئاب خبيثة

And he only alluded to men with wolves because adulterers are wicked, just as wolves are wicked.

والفريسة والفريس: ما يفرسه

And 'al-farīsah' and 'al-farīs': what is preyed upon.

خافوه خوف الليث ذي الفريس

They feared him like the lion with the 'farīs'.

وأفرسه إياه: ألقاه له يفرسه

And he 'afraṣahu' it: he exposed it to him for predation.

وفرسه فرسة قبيحة: ضربه فدخل ما بين وركيه وخرجت سرته

And he 'farasahu' a bad 'farsah': he struck him so that it entered between his hips and his navel came out.

والمفروس: المكسور الظهر

And 'al-mafrūs': the broken-backed.

والمفروس والمفزور والفريس: الأحدب

And 'al-mafrūs', 'al-mafzūr', and 'al-farīs': the hunchbacked.

والفرسة: الحدبة، بكسر الفاء

And 'al-farsah' (with kasrah): the hump, with a kasrah on the 'fā'.

والفرسة: الريح التي تحدب، وحكاها أبو عبيد بفتح الفاء

And 'al-farsah': the wind that causes a hump, and Abu Ubayd narrated it with a fatḥah on the 'fā'.

وقيل: الفرسة قرحة تكون في الحدب

And it was said: 'al-farsah' is a sore that occurs on a hump.

أصابته فرسة إذا زالت فقرة من فقار ظهره

A 'farsah' struck him if a vertebra of his back became dislocated.

وأما الريح التي يكون منها الحدب فهي الفرصة، بالصاد

And as for the wind from which the hump originates, it is 'al-fursah', with a 'ṣād'.

الفرسة قرحة تكون في العنق فتفرسها أي تدقها؛ ومنه فرست عنقه

'Al-farsah' is a sore that occurs in the neck, and you 'tafursihā', meaning you crush it; and from this is 'faraṣtu 'unquhu' (I crushed his neck).

الفرسة ريح تأخذ في العنق فتفرسها

'Al-farsah' is a wind that affects the neck and 'yafursihā' it.

ومعها ابنة لها أحدبها الفرسة أي ريح الحدب فيصير صاحبها أحدب

And with her was her daughter, whose hump was caused by 'al-farsah', meaning the wind of the hump, so its owner becomes hunchbacked.

وأصاب فرسته أي نهزته، والصاد فيها أعرف

And 'aṣāba farsatahu', meaning it struck him; and the 'ṣād' in it is more known.

والفريس: حلقة من خشب معطوفة تشد في رأس حبل

And 'al-farīs': a curved wooden ring attached to the end of a rope.

الفريس حلقة من خشب يقال لها بالفارسية جنبر

'Al-farīs' is a wooden ring called 'jinbar' in Persian.

والفرناس، مثل الفرصاد: من أسماء الأسد مأخوذ من الفرس، وهو دق العنق، نونه زائدة عند سيبويه

And 'al-farnās', like 'al-fursād': one of the names of the lion, derived from 'al-faras', which is crushing the neck; its 'nūn' is considered extra by Sibawayh.

وهو الغليظ الرقبة

And it means thick-necked.

وفرنوس: من أسمائه؛ حكاه ابن جني وهو بناء لم يحكه سيبويه

And 'farnūs': one of its names; narrated by Ibn Jinnī, and it is a pattern not narrated by Sibawayh.

وأسد فرانس كفرناس: فعانل من الفرس، وهو مما شذ من أبنية الكتاب

And an 'asdun frāns' like 'farnās': 'fa'ānil' from 'faras', and it is from what is irregular in the patterns of the book.

وأبو فراس: كنية الأسد

And 'Abu Firās': a kunyah (sobriquet) for the lion.