ءرس

Root entry · 16 derived lemmas

This root primarily relates to leadership, command, and authority, often associated with the concept of a prince, emir, or ruler. It also extends to the idea of cultivation and farming, particularly in a historical context where farmers were sometimes seen as subordinate or even associated with specific religious groups.

Derived headwords

الإرسnoun

1.
originclassical
The fundamental source or origin of something.

الأكارnoun

1.
farmerclassical
A person who cultivates the land; a tiller.

الأريسnoun

1.
farmerclassical
A cultivator of the land, a tiller.
2.
princeclassical
A ruler or leader, often of a principality.

أرسverb

1.
to become a farmerclassical
To transform into a farmer or tiller of the soil.

أرس يأرس أرسا إذا صار أريسا — He became a farmer when he became an 'aris.

يؤرسverb

1.
to become a farmerclassical
To become a farmer or tiller of the land.

أرس يؤرس تأريسا إذا صار أكارا — He became a farmer when he became a tiller.

تأريساnoun

1.
becoming a farmerclassical
The act or process of becoming a farmer.

الإريسnoun

1.
princeclassical
A leader or prince, particularly one who commands obedience.
2.
farmerclassical
A tiller of the soil, a farmer.

أريسونnoun

1.
princesclassical
Plural of 'iris', referring to leaders or princes.
2.
farmersclassical
Plural of 'aris', referring to tillers of the soil.

أرارسةnoun

1.
princesclassical
A broken plural of 'iris', referring to princes or leaders.

أرارسnoun

1.
princesclassical
Another broken plural of 'iris', referring to princes or leaders.

المؤرسnoun

1.
commanderclassical
One who is commanded or ordered; a subordinate.

الإريسينnoun

1.
princesclassical
Plural of 'iris', referring to princes or leaders, often in the accusative or genitive case.
2.
farmersclassical
Plural of 'aris', referring to farmers.

الإريسيينnoun

1.
princesclassical
A plural form of 'iris', possibly derived through a nisba (نسبة), referring to princes or leaders.

الأروسيةname

1.
Al-Urusiyaclassical
A group or faction known as Al-Urusiya, possibly named after a person or place.

أريسname

1.
Arisclassical
The name of a man who was followed by a group that killed a prophet.
2.
wellclassical
A specific well known near the Quba Mosque in Medina.

أرأسةname

1.
Arasaclassical
The name of a progenitor, Arasa bin Mar bin Ad.

Parallel reading

الإرس: الأصل، والأريس: الأكار؛ عن ثعلب.

Al-irs: the origin, and al-aris: the farmer; according to Tha'lab.

فكتب إليه: تالله لئن تممت على ما بلغني لأصالحن صاحبي، ولأكونن مقدمته إليك، ولأجعلن القسطنطينية الحمراء حممة سوداء، ولأنزعنك من الملك نزع الإصطفلينة، ولأردنك إريسا من الأرارسة ترعى الدوابل

So he wrote to him: By God, if you continue as I have heard, I will make peace with your companion, and I will be his vanguard against you, and I will turn Constantinople the Red into a black cinder, and I will strip you of kingship like stripping off a skin, and I will return you as an 'aris from the 'ararisa, herding the small animals,

والإريس: الأمير؛ عن كراع، حكاه في باب فعيل، وعدله بإبيل، والأصل عنده فيه رئيس، على فعيل، من الرياسة.

And al-iris: the prince; according to Kra', who mentioned it in the chapter on fa'eel, and equated it with ibeel, and the origin for him is ra'ees, on the pattern fa'eel, from riyasa (leadership).

أن النبي، صلى الله عليه وسلم، كتب إلى هرقل عظيم الروم يدعوه إلى الإسلام وقال في آخره: إن أبيت فعليك إثم الإريسين.

That the Prophet, peace be upon him, wrote to Heraclius, the great of Rome, inviting him to Islam and said at the end: If you refuse, then upon you is the sin of the princes ('al-irisīn).

أرس يأرس أرسا إذا صار أريسا، وأرس يؤرس تأريسا إذا صار أكارا

Arasa, ya'rusu, arasan, if he became an 'aris (farmer), and arasa, yu'risu, ta'risan, if he became an akkar (farmer).

وجمع الأريس أريسون، وجمع الإريس إريسون وأرارسة وأرارس، وأرارسة ينصرف، وأرارس لا ينصرف

And the plural of al-aris is arisūn, and the plural of al-iris is arisūn, ararisa, and araris; ararisa is diptote, and araris is not diptote.

قال الأزهري: أحسب الأريس والإريس بمعنى الأكار من كلام أهل الشام

Al-Azhari said: I believe al-aris and al-iris meaning farmer are from the speech of the people of Sham.

وكان أهل الروم أهل أثاث وصنعة، فكانوا يقولون للمجوسي: أريسي، نسبوهم إلى الأريس وهو الأكار

And the people of Rome were people of furnishings and crafts, so they used to say to the Magian: 'Arisi, attributing them to the 'aris, which is the farmer.

فأعلمهم النبي، صلى الله عليه وسلم، أنهم، وإن كانوا أهل كتاب، فإن عليهم من الإثم إن لم يؤمنوا بنبوته مثل إثم المجوس وفلاحي السواد الذين لا كتاب لهم

So the Prophet, peace be upon him, informed them that, even though they were People of the Book, they would bear a sin if they did not believe in his prophethood, similar to the sin of the Magians and the farmers of the Sawad who had no Book.

ومن المجوس قوم لا يعبدون النار ويزعمون أنهم على دين إبراهيم، على نبينا وعليه الصلاة والسلام، وأنهم يعبدون الله تعالى ويحرمون الزنا وصناعتهم الحراثة وكانوا يدعون الأريسين

And among the Magians are a people who do not worship fire and claim to be on the religion of Abraham, upon our Prophet and him be peace, and they worship God Almighty and forbid adultery, and their craft is plowing, and they were called the 'arisīn.

والأجود عندي أن يقال: إن الإريس كبيرهم الذي يمتثل أمره ويطيعونه إذا طلب منهم الطاعة

And the better opinion for me is to say: that al-iris is their chief whom they obey and follow when he asks them for obedience.

لا تبئ بالمؤرس الإريسا يقال: أبأته به أي سويته به، يريد: لا تسوني بك.

Do not equate the commander ('al-mu'arras) with the prince ('al-iris). It is said: 'Abba'tuhu bihi, meaning I made it equal to it. He means: Do not make me equal to you.

فيكون المعنى في قول النبي، صلى الله عليه وسلم، لهرقل: فعليك إثم الإريسين ، يريد الذين هم قادرون على هداية قومهم ثم لم يهدوهم، وأنت إريسهم الذي يجيبون دعوتك ويمتثلون أمرك

So the meaning in the Prophet's saying, peace be upon him, to Heraclius is: 'Then upon you is the sin of the princes ('al-irisīn), meaning those who are capable of guiding their people but do not guide them, and you are their prince whom they answer when called and obey when commanded.

قال: وفيه وجه آخر وهو أن تجعل الإريسين، وهم المنسوبون إلى الإريس، مثل المهلبين والأشعرين المنسوبين إلى المهلب وإلى الأشعر

He said: And there is another interpretation, which is to consider al-irisīn, who are attributed to al-iris, like al-Muhallabīn and al-Ash'arīn, attributed to Al-Muhallab and to Al-Ash'ar.

وكان القياس فيه أن يكون بياءي النسبة فيقال: الأشعريون والمهلبيون، وكذلك قياس الإريسين الإريسيون في الرفع والإريسيين في النصب والجر

And the analogy for it would be to use the ya' of attribution, so it would be said: Al-Ash'ariyyūn and Al-Muhallabiyyūn, and similarly the analogy for al-irisīn is al-irisiyyūn in the nominative and al-irisiyyīn in the accusative and genitive.

قال ابن الأثير: قال أبو عبيد في كتاب الأموال: أصحاب الحديث يقولون الإريسيين مجموعا منسوبا والصحيح بغير نسب

Ibn al-Athir said: Abu Ubayd said in the Book of Finances: The hadith scholars say al-irisiyyīn as a plural attributed, but the correct is without attribution.

فسقط من يد عثمان، رضي الله عنه، في بئر أريس ، بفتح الهمزة وتخفيف الراء، هي بئر معروفة قريبا من مسجد قباء عند المدينة.

So it fell from the hand of Uthman, may God be pleased with him, into the well of Aris, with a fatha on the hamza and a sukūn on the ra', which is a known well near the Quba Mosque in Medina.