نور

Root entry · 25 derived lemmas

This root primarily relates to light, illumination, and brightness. It extends to concepts of blooming, flourishing, and beauty in plants and people. It also encompasses notions of aversion, fleeing, and hostility, often metaphorically linked to a frightening or alarming presence.

Derived headwords

نار المهولnoun

1.
fire of aweclassical
A fire lit by Arabs in pre-Islamic times during alliances, into which salt was thrown to create a startling effect, emphasizing the pact.

أوقدverb

1.
to light a fireboth
To ignite a fire, often used metaphorically to pursue or ward off an enemy.

أبعد الله داره وأوقد نارا إثره — May God distance his home and light a fire after him.

موقدnoun

1.
fire-lighterclassical
One who lights a fire, used here in a context of pursuing someone.

كموقد نار إثرهم للتندم — like one who lights a fire after them out of regret.

نورnoun

1.
lightboth
The primary meaning of light, illumination, or radiance.
2.
blossom, flowerboth
The bloom or flower of a tree or plant, signifying beauty and growth.
3.
plant growthclassical
The healthy and tall growth of plants.

والنور والنورة، جميعا: الزهر — And al-nur and al-nura, both: the blossom.

أنوارnoun

1.
lightsboth
Plural of nur, referring to multiple sources of light.
2.
blossomsboth
Plural of nur, referring to multiple flowers or blossoms.

وجمع النور أنوار — and the plural of al-nur is anwar.

نوارnoun

1.
blossomboth
Similar to nur, referring to the flower or blossom of a plant.
2.
averse womanclassical
A woman who is averse or shy from suspicion or impropriety.
3.
fleeing animalsclassical
A group of fleeing animals, such as gazelles or wild beasts.

والنوار، بالضم والتشديد: كالنور — And al-nuwwar, with damma and shadda: like al-nur.

نوارةnoun

1.
blossomboth
A single blossom or flower.

واحدته نوارة — its singular is nuwwarah.

نور الشجرverb

1.
to blossomboth
For trees and plants to produce their blossoms or flowers.

وقد نور الشجر والنبات — and the trees and plants have blossomed.

تنويرnoun

1.
blossomingboth
The act or process of trees and plants producing their flowers.
2.
illuminationboth
The act of making something bright or clear.

والفعل التنوير، وتنوير الشجرة إزهارها — and the verb is al-tanwir, and the tanwir of a tree is its blossoming.

أنورتverb

1.
to blossomboth
To produce blossoms, used for plants and trees, implying beauty and fullness.
2.
to become brightclassical
To become radiant or beautiful, as in the case of a tree's greenery.

لما نزل تحت الشجرة أنورت أي حسنت خضرتها — When he descended under the tree, it became radiant, meaning its greenery improved.

إنارةnoun

1.
radianceclassical
The state of being radiant or bright, often referring to the beauty of plants.

من الإنارة، وقيل: إنها أطلعت نورها — from al-inarah, and it was said: it revealed its blossom.

أنارverb

1.
to blossomboth
For plants to produce their blossoms and appear beautiful.
2.
to appear and be beautifulboth
To emerge and be handsome or pleasing, used for plants and people.

وأنار النبت وأنور: ظهر وحسن — And al-nabt anara and anwara: it appeared and was beautiful.

أنورadjective

1.
radiant, beautifulboth
Appearing beautiful, radiant, or distinguished, often used as a description of the Prophet Muhammad.

كان أنور المتجرد — He was radiant from the chest upwards.

نورةnoun

1.
hennaboth
A substance used for dyeing, particularly for hair and skin.
2.
depilatoryboth
A substance made from burnt lime, used for hair removal.
3.
woman's nameclassical
A proper name for a woman, sometimes associated with sorcery.

والنورة: الهناء — And al-nura: henna.

انتورverb

1.
to apply depilatoryclassical
To apply nura (depilatory) to oneself.

انتور يا زيد وانتر كما تقول اقتول واقتل — Apply nura, O Zayd, and apply it, as you say 'iqtul' and 'iqtil'.

تنورverb

1.
to apply depilatoryclassical
To apply nura (depilatory) to oneself.
2.
to see a fireclassical
To perceive or see a fire from a distance.

فلا يتنور — so he does not apply depilatory.

نؤورnoun

1.
indigo dyeclassical
A substance derived from indigo, used for tattooing or dyeing.
2.
soot from wickclassical
Soot from a lamp wick, used as kohl or for tattooing.
3.
stone for gumsclassical
A stone that is ground and applied to the gums.

والنوور: النيلج — And al-nuwwur: indigo.

نارnoun

1.
fireboth
The common word for fire.
2.
hostility, strifeboth
Metaphorically, enmity, conflict, or a heated dispute.

ونار الحرب ونائرتها: شرها وهيجها — And the nar of war and its nayirah: its evil and its incitement.

نائرةnoun

1.
hostility, enmityboth
A state of conflict, animosity, or feud between people.
2.
strife, turmoilclassical
The heat or intensity of conflict or a dispute.

ويقال: بينهم نائرة أي عداوة وشحناء — And it is said: between them is nayirah, meaning enmity and animosity.

نفرverb

1.
to frighten awayboth
To cause someone or something to flee or be repelled.

ونرته وأنرته: نفرته — And I narra-tu-hu and anra-tu-hu: I frightened him away.

نار القومverb

1.
to fleeclassical
For a group of people to flee or be routed.

ونار القوم وتنوروا انهزموا — And nara al-qawm and tanawwaru: they were defeated.

استنارverb

1.
to overcome, prevailclassical
To gain victory over an opponent or to prevail.

وقابل القوم فاستناروا — and he met the people and prevailed.

ينورverb

1.
to deceive, bewitchclassical
To make something appear different than it is, to delude or bewitch, often attributed to a sorceress named Nura.

هو ينور عليه أي يخيل — He yunawwir upon him, meaning he deludes him.

منورadjective

1.
deluding, bewitchingclassical
One who deludes or bewitches, derived from the sorceress Nura.

فقيل لمن فعل فعلها: قد نور فهو منور — so it was said to whoever did her deed: he has done it, and he is munawwir.

ذو المنارname

1.
possessor of the beaconclassical
A title given to a king of Yemen, Abreha bin al-Harith, who was the first to erect beacons on his routes for guidance.

Parallel reading

ونار المهول: نار كانت للعرب في الجاهلية يوقدونها عند التحالف ويطرحون فيها ملحا يفقع، يهولون بذلك تأكيدا للحلف.

And nar al-mahwul: a fire that existed among the Arabs in the pre-Islamic era, which they would light during alliances and throw salt into to make it crackle, thereby intimidating to confirm the alliance.

والعرب تدعو على العدو فتقول: أبعد الله داره وأوقد نارا إثره.

And the Arabs invoke curses upon the enemy, saying: May God distance his home and light a fire after him.

قال فقلت لها: ولم ذلك؟ قالت: ليتحول ضبعهم معهم أي شرهم؛

He said, 'And I asked her: And why is that?' She replied: 'So that their hyenas, meaning their evil, may move away with them.'

والنور والنورة، جميعا: الزهر، وقيل: النور الأبيض والزهر الأصفر وذلك أنه يبيض ثم يصفر وجمعه أنوار.

And al-nur and al-nura, both: the blossom; and it was said: al-nur is white and al-zahra is yellow, because it whitens then yellows, and its plural is anwar.

والنوار، بالضم والتشديد: كالنور، واحدته نوارة، وقد نور الشجر والنبات.

And al-nuwwar, with damma and shadda: like al-nur, its singular is nuwwarah, and the trees and plants have blossomed.

الليث: النور نور الشجر، والفعل التنوير، وتنوير الشجرة إزهارها.

Al-Layth said: Al-nur is the blossom of the tree, and the verb is al-tanwir, and the tanwir of a tree is its blossoming.

وفي حديث خزيمة: لما نزل تحت الشجرة أنورت أي حسنت خضرتها، من الإنارة، وقيل: إنها أطلعت نورها، وهو زهرها.

And in the hadith of Khuzaymah: When he descended under the tree, it became radiant, meaning its greenery improved, from al-inarah; and it was said: it revealed its blossom, which is its flower.

والنورة: الهناء.

And al-nura: henna.

والنورة من الحجر الذي يحرق ويسوى منه الكلس ويحلق به شعر العانة.

And al-nura is from the stone which is burnt and from which lime is made, and with which pubic hair is removed.

قال أبو العباس: يقال انتور الرجل وانتار من النورة، قال: ولا يقال تنور إلا عند إبصار النار.

Abu al-Abbas said: It is said 'intawara' and 'intara' for a man to use depilatory, and he said: 'tanawwara' is only said when seeing fire.

والنوور: النيلج، وهو دخان الشحم يعالج به الوشم ويحشى به حتى يخضر، ولك أن تقلب الواو المضمومة همزة.

And al-nuwwur: indigo, which is the smoke of fat treated with for tattooing and filled until it turns green; and you may change the damma-ed waw to a hamza.

والنؤور: حصاة مثل الإثمد تدق فتسفها اللثة أي تقمحها، من قولك: سففت الدواء.

And al-nu'ur: a pebble like antimony, which is ground and applied to the gums, meaning to ingest it, from your saying: 'safaftu al-dawa' (I took medicine).

ويقال: بينهم نائرة أي عداوة وشحناء.

And it is said: between them is nayirah, meaning enmity and animosity.

وفي الحديث: كانت بينهم نائرة أي فتنة حادثة وعداوة.

And in the hadith: there was nayirah between them, meaning a newly arisen sedition and enmity.

ونار الحرب ونائرتها: شرها وهيجها.

And the nar of war and its nayirah: its evil and its incitement.

ونرت الرجل: أفزعته ونفرته؛

And narra-tu al-rajul: I frightened him and repelled him;

قال: إذا هم ناروا، وإن هم أقبلوا، أقبل ممساح أريب مفضل

He said: If they intend to flee, they flee; and if they intend to advance, he advances, a skilled and preferred flatterer.

ونار القوم وتنوروا انهزموا.

And nara al-qawm and tanawwaru: they were defeated.

واستنار عليه: ظفر به وغلبه؛ ومنه قول الأعشى: فأدركوا بعض ما أضاعوا، وقابل القوم فاستناروا

And istanara upon him: he defeated him and overcame him; and from this is the saying of Al-A'sha: They recovered some of what they had lost, and they met the people and prevailed.

ومن هذا القبيل قول سيبويه في باب الإمالة ابن نور فقد يجوز أن يكون اسما سمي بالنور الذي هو الضوء أو بالنور الذي هو جمع نوار، وقد يجوز أن يكون اسما صاغه لتسوغ فيه الإمالة فإنه قد يصوغ أشياء فتسوغ فيها الإمالة ويصوغ أشياء أخر لتمتنع فيها الإمالة.

And from this category is Sibawayh's statement in the chapter on imalah: Ibn Nur, it is possible that it is a name given after al-nur which is light, or after al-nur which is the plural of nuwwar; and it is also possible that it is a name he coined to allow imalah, for he coins some things to allow imalah and others to prevent it.

ومنور: اسم موضع صحت فيه الواو صحتها في مكورة للعلمية؛ قال بشر بن أبي خازم: أليلى على شحط المزار تذكر؟ ومن دون ليلى ذو بحار ومنور

And Munawwar: the name of a place where the waw is sound, as it is sound in 'makura' due to being a proper noun; Bishr bin Abi Khazim said: O Layla, do you remember despite the distance of the visiting place? And between Layla and the place are Dhu Bihara and Munawwar.

قال الجوهري: وقول بشر: ومن دون ليلى ذو بحار ومنور قال: هما جبلان في ظهر حرة بني سليم.

Al-Jawhari said: And Bishr's saying: And between Layla are Dhu Bihara and Munawwar. He said: They are two mountains in the back of the Harrah of Banu Sulaym.

وذو المنار: ملك من ملوك اليمن واسمه أبرهة بن الحرث الرايش، وإنما قيل له ذو المنار لأنه أول من ضرب المنار على طريقه في مغازيه ليهتدي بها إذا رجع.

And Dhu al-Manar: a king from the kings of Yemen, named Abreha bin al-Harith al-Rayyesh, and he was called Dhu al-Manar because he was the first to erect beacons on his routes in his campaigns to be guided by them upon his return.