كبر

Root entry · 34 derived lemmas

This root primarily concerns concepts of greatness, magnitude, and importance, both in a physical and abstract sense. It extends to notions of arrogance, pride, and seniority, as well as physical size and age. It also encompasses terms for significant sins and, in a more specialized context, musical instruments and a type of food.

Derived headwords

كَبُرَverb

1.
to be greatboth
To be large in size, importance, or magnitude.
2.
to be arrogantboth
To exhibit pride or haughtiness.
3.
to be oldboth
To have reached an advanced age.

كِبَرٌnoun

1.
greatnessboth
The state or quality of being great in size, importance, or significance.
2.
arroganceboth
Pride, haughtiness, or conceit.
3.
old ageboth
The state of being old; advanced age.

والكبر: الرفعة في الشرف — And al-kibr: loftiness in honor.

كُبْرٌnoun

1.
greatnessboth
Greatness, magnitude, or importance.
2.
seniorityclassical
The state of being the eldest or greatest.

وهو الذي تولى كبره أي معظمه — He is the one who took the lead in it, meaning its greatest part.

كَبِيرٌadjective

1.
bigboth
Large in size, extent, or quantity.
2.
greatboth
Of great importance, significance, or influence.
3.
oldboth
Having lived for a long time; advanced in age.
4.
majorboth
Of greater importance or seriousness.

ويقال: رجل كبير وكبار وكبار — And it is said: a man who is big, and kobar, and kobar.

أَكْبَرُadjective

1.
biggerboth
Comparative form of 'kabir', indicating greater size or magnitude.
2.
greatestboth
Superlative form of 'kabir', indicating the highest degree of size, importance, or age.
3.
eldestboth
The oldest among a group.

فأما الكبر، بالضم، فهو أكبر ولد الرجل — As for al-kubr, with damma, it is the eldest son of a man.

كَبِيرَةٌnoun

1.
major sinboth
A grave sin, especially one explicitly forbidden by religious law and carrying severe punishment.
2.
great thingclassical
Something of great importance or magnitude.

الذين يجتنبون كبائر الإثم والفواحش — Those who shun the major sins and indecencies.

كَبَائِرُnoun

1.
major sinsboth
Plural of 'kabirah', referring to grave sins.

وفي الأحاديث ذكر الكبائر في غير موضع — And the major sins are mentioned in the Hadith in more than one place.

تَكَبَّرَverb

1.
to be arrogantboth
To behave with arrogance or pride; to consider oneself superior.

الذين يتكبرون في الأرض بغير الحق — Those who behave arrogantly on earth unjustly.

اِسْتَكْبَرَverb

1.
to be arrogantboth
To act with arrogance, to refuse to submit or obey due to pride.

إن الذين يستكبرون عن عبادتي سيدخلون جهنم داخرين — Indeed, those who disdain My worship will enter Hell in humiliation.

تَكَبُّرٌnoun

1.
arroganceboth
The quality of being arrogant; pride or haughtiness.

اِسْتِكْبَارٌnoun

1.
arroganceboth
Arrogance, haughtiness, or the act of behaving arrogantly.

تَكَبُّرٌverb

1.
to be arrogantboth
To act with arrogance or pride.

تَكابَرَverb

1.
to be oldclassical
To have reached old age.
2.
to be arrogantclassical
To act with arrogance.

كِبْرِيَاءٌnoun

1.
majestyboth
Greatness, majesty, and sovereignty, often attributed to God.
2.
prideboth
Arrogance or haughtiness.

وتكون لكما الكبرياء في الأرض — And sovereignty shall be yours on earth.

كَابِرٌnoun

1.
elderclassical
A senior or elder person, a patriarch.
2.
great manclassical
A person of high status or importance.

أبو عمرو: الكابر السيد — Abu Amr: Al-kābir is the master.

أَكَابِرُnoun

1.
eldersclassical
Plural of 'kabir', referring to elders or prominent figures.
2.
great onesclassical
Plural of 'kabir', referring to important or noble individuals.

والأكابر: أحياء من بكر بن وائل — And Al-Akābir: tribes from Bakr bin Wa'il.

كِبْرِيتٌnoun

1.
sulfurboth
A yellow chemical element, known for its distinctive smell.
2.
red sulfurclassical
A rare or mythical form of sulfur, used metaphorically for something scarce.

والكبريت: معروف — And al-kibrīt: is known.

كِبْرٌnoun

1.
drumclassical
A musical instrument, a drum.

أن يأخذ عودا في منامه ليتخذ منه كبرا — That he took a piece of wood in his sleep to make a drum from it.

كَبَرٌnoun

1.
drumclassical
A drum, possibly with one face or two.

إن كان في كبر فلا بأس أي في طبل صغير — If it is in a kibar, there is no harm, meaning in a small drum.

إِبْرَةٌnoun

1.
needleboth
A slender tool with a pointed end and a hole or loop for thread, used for sewing.

كَبِيرَةٌnoun

1.
great thingclassical
A significant or momentous event or matter.

إنها لإحدى الكبر — Indeed, it is one of the great (events).

أَكْبَرَةٌname

1.
Akbarahclassical
A place name, referring to a location in the lands of Banu Asad.

ولا عتبت بأكبرة الوعول — Nor did the wild goats complain at Akbarah.

إِكْبِرَةٌname

1.
Ikbirahclassical
A place name, referring to a location in the lands of Banu Asad.

كَبَّارٌadjective

1.
very largeclassical
Extremely large or great in size or magnitude.

ومكروا مكرا كبارا — And they plotted a great plot.

أَكْبَرُnoun

1.
eldest sonclassical
The firstborn or eldest son.

فأما الكبر، بالضم، فهو أكبر ولد الرجل — As for al-kubr, with damma, it is the eldest son of a man.

كَبِيرٌnoun

1.
great sinclassical
A major sin.

كُبَّارٌnoun

1.
great onesclassical
Plural of 'kabir', referring to important or noble individuals.

أَكْبَرُnoun

1.
food substanceclassical
A substance resembling dried khabees, neither wax nor honey, not very sweet or bland, brought by bees.

والإكبر والإكبر: شيء كأنه خبيص يابس فيه بعض اللين — And al-ikbir and al-akbar: a thing like dried khabees with some softness.

كُبْرَىadjective

1.
greatestboth
Feminine superlative of 'kabir', meaning greatest.

إنها لإحدى الكبر — Indeed, it is one of the great (events).

كِبَرٌnoun

1.
prideclassical
Arrogance or haughtiness.

لا يدخل الجنة من في قلبه مثقال حبة خردل من كبر — He will not enter Paradise who has in his heart the weight of a mustard seed of pride.

كِبَرٌnoun

1.
old ageclassical
Advanced age, senility.

أعوذ بك من سوء الكبر ؛ يروى بسكون الباء وفتحها، فالسكون من هذا المعنى، والفتح بمعنى الهرم والخرف — I seek refuge in You from the evil of old age; it is narrated with sukun of the ba and its fatha, so the sukun is from this meaning, and the fatha means decrepitude and senility.

أَصْفٌnoun

1.
caper plantclassical
A plant with thorns, likely the caper plant.

والكبر: الأصف، فارسي معرب — And al-kabar: al-asf, a Persian word Arabized.

كَبَرٌnoun

1.
caper plantclassical
A thorny plant, likely the caper plant.

والكبر: نبات له شوك — And al-kabar: a plant with thorns.

ذُو كِبَارٍname

1.
Dhu Kibarclassical
A man's name or epithet.

وذو كبار: رجل — And Dhu Kibar: a man.

Parallel reading

كبر الشيء معظمه، بالكسر

The greatness of a thing is its most significant part, with kasra.

وهو الذي تولى كبره أي معظمه

He is the one who took the lead in it, meaning its greatest part.

وقيل: الكبر الإثم وهو من الكبيرة كالخطء من الخطيئة

And it was said: Al-kibr is the sin, and it is from Al-kabirah just as Al-khata' is from Al-khathi'ah.

ومن أمثالهم: كبر سياسة الناس في المال

And among their proverbs: The greatness of managing people lies in wealth.

فأما الكبر، بالضم، فهو أكبر ولد الرجل

As for al-kubr, with damma, it is the eldest son of a man.

والكبرة: كالكبر، التأنيث على المبالغة

And Al-kibrah: is like Al-kibr, the feminine form for exaggeration.

الذين يجتنبون كبائر الإثم والفواحش*

Those who shun the major sins and indecencies*.

وهي من الصفات الغالبة

And it is among the dominant characteristics.

أن رجلا سأله عن الكبائر: أسبع هي ففقال: هي من السبعمائة أقرب

A man asked him about the major sins: Are they seven? So he said: They are closer to seven hundred.

إلا أنه لا كبيرة مع استغفار ولا صغيرة مع إصرار

Except that there is no major sin with seeking forgiveness, nor a minor sin with persistence.

فقال: ما بين فاتحة النساء إلى رأس الثلثين

So he said: It is between the beginning of Surat An-Nisa' to the end of the thirtieth part.

ويقال: رجل كبير وكبار وكبار؛ قال الله عز وجل: ومكروا مكرا كبارا

And it is said: a man who is big, and kobar, and kobar; Allah the Almighty said: And they plotted a great plot.

إنهما ليعذبان وما يعذبان في كبير أي ليس في أمر كان يكبر عليهما ويشق فعله لو أراداه، لا أنه في نفسه غير كبير

Indeed, they are being punished, and they are not being punished for something great, meaning it is not a matter that was great for them and difficult to do if they had intended it, not that it is not great in itself.

لا يدخل الجنة من في قلبه مثقال حبة خردل من كبر

He will not enter Paradise who has in his heart the weight of a mustard seed of pride.

يعني كبر الكفر والشرك

Meaning the pride of disbelief and polytheism.

إن الذين يستكبرون عن عبادتي سيدخلون جهنم داخرين

Indeed, those who disdain My worship will enter Hell in humiliation.

ولكن البر من اتقى

But righteousness is from piety.

أعوذ بك من سوء الكبر

I seek refuge in You from the evil of old age.

والكبر [الكبر]: الرفعة في الشرف

And al-kibr [al-kibr]: loftiness in honor.

وتكون لكما الكبرياء في الأرض؛ أي الملك

And sovereignty shall be yours on earth; meaning kingship.

والكبرياء العظمة والتجبر

And al-kibriya' is greatness and arrogance.

ولا نظير له إلا السيمياء العلامة، والجربياء الريح التي بين الصبا والجنوب، قال: فأما الكيمياء فكلمة أحسبها أعجمية

And it has no parallel except Al-simiya' the sign, and Al-jarbiya' the wind between the east wind and the south wind, he said: As for Al-kimya', I think it is a foreign word.

وقد تكبر واستكبر وتكابر وقيل تكبر: من الكبر، وتكابر: من السن

And takabbara and istakbara and takabara, and it was said takabbara: is from pride, and takabara: is from age.

والتكبر والاستكبار: التعظم

And al-takabbur and al-istikbar: are arrogance.

أي أجعل جزاءهم الإضلال عن هداية آياتي؛ قال: ومعنى يتكبرون أي أنهم يرون أنهم أفضل الخلق وأن لهم من الحق ما ليس لغيرهم

Meaning: I will make their recompense misguidance from My signs; he said: And the meaning of 'they behave arrogantly' is that they see themselves as the best of creation and that they have a right that others do not have.

وهذه الصفة لا تكون إلا لله خاصة لأن الله، سبحانه وتعالى، هو الذي له القدرة والفضل الذي ليس لأحد مثله، وذلك الذي يستحق أن يقال له المتكبر، وليس لأحد أن يتكبر لأن الناس في الحقوق سواء، فليس لأحد ما ليس لغيره فالله المتكبر، وأعلم الله أن هؤلاء يتكبرون في الأرض بغير الحق أي هؤلاء هذه صفتهم

And this attribute belongs only to Allah, for Allah, Glorified and Exalted is He, is the one who possesses the power and favor that no one else has, and He is the one deserving to be called Al-Mutakabbir, and no one else should be arrogant because people are equal in rights, so no one has what others do not have. Allah is Al-Mutakabbir, and Allah knows that these people behave arrogantly on earth unjustly, meaning these are their characteristics.

من الكبر لا من الكبر أي يتفضلون ويرون أنهم أفضل الخلق

From pride, not from greatness, meaning they consider themselves superior and see themselves as the best of creation.

لخلق السماوات والأرض أكبر من خلق الناس؛ أي أعجب

The creation of the heavens and the earth is greater than the creation of mankind; meaning more wondrous.

أبو عمرو: الكابر السيد، والكابر الجد الأكبر

Abu Amr: Al-kābir is the master, and Al-kābir is the great-grandfather.

والإكبر والأكبر: شيء كأنه خبيص يابس فيه بعض اللين ليس بشمع ولا عسل وليس بشديد الحلاوة ولا عذب، تجيء النحل به كما تجيء بالشمع

And Al-ikbir and Al-akbar: a thing like dried khabees with some softness, neither wax nor honey, not very sweet or bland, which bees bring as they bring wax.

والكبرى: تأنيث الأكبر والجمع الكبر، وجمع الأكبر الأكابر والأكبرون، قال: ولا يقال كبر لأن هذه البنية جعلت للصفة خاصة مثل الأحمر والأسود، وأنت لا تصف بأكبر كما تصف بأحمر، لا تقول هذا رجل أكبر حتى تصله بمن أو تدخل عليه الألف واللام

And Al-kubra: is the feminine of Al-akbar, and the plural is Al-kibr, and the plural of Al-akbar is Al-akābir and Al-akbarūn. He said: And 'kibr' is not said because this structure is made specifically for adjectives like 'ahmar' (red) and 'aswad' (black), and you do not describe with 'akbar' as you describe with 'ahmar', you do not say 'this is a man akbar' until you connect it with 'min' or add 'al-' to it.

يوم الحج الأكبر، قيل: هو يوم النحر، وقيل: يوم عرفة، وإنما سمي الحج الأكبر لأنهم يسمون العمرة الحج الأصغر

The Day of the Greater Pilgrimage, it was said: it is the Day of Sacrifice, and it was said: the Day of 'Arafah, and it is called the Greater Pilgrimage because they call 'Umrah the Lesser Pilgrimage.

سجد أحد الأكبرين في: إذا السماء انشقت؛ أراد الشيخين أبا بكر وعمر

One of the two elders prostrated in: When the sky is rent asunder; he meant the two Shaykhs, Abu Bakr and Umar.

بعث نبي من مضر بدين الله الكبر، جمع الكبرى؛ ومنه قوله تعالى: إنها لإحدى الكبر، وفي الكلام مضاف محذوف تقديره بشرائع دين الله الكبر

A prophet from Mudar was sent with the religion of Allah Al-Kibar, the plural of Al-Kubra; and from it is His saying: Indeed, it is one of the great (events), and in the speech there is a deleted possessive, meaning: with the laws of the religion of Allah Al-Kibar.

لا تكابروا الصلاة بمثلها من التسبيح في مقام واحد كأنه أراد لا تغالبوها أي خففوا في التسبيح بعد التسليم، وقيل: لا يكن التسبيح الذي في الصلاة أكثر منها ولتكن الصلاة زائدة عليه

Do not overburden the prayer with similar amounts of glorification in one sitting, as if he meant do not overpower it, meaning lighten the glorification after the salutation, and it was said: Let the glorification that is in the prayer not be more than it, and let the prayer be in excess of it.

يقال أتاني فلان أكبر النهار وشباب النهار أي حين ارتفع النهار

It is said: So-and-so came to me at the height of the day and the prime of the day, meaning when the day had risen.

ساعة أكبر النهار، كما شد محيل لبونه إعتاما

An hour into the height of the day, as the one whose camels' milk has become thick for evening milking.

يقول: قتلناهم أول النهار في ساعة قدر ما يشد المحيل أخلاف إبله لئلا يرضعها الفصلان

He says: We killed them at the beginning of the day in an hour, the time it takes for the one whose camels' milk has become thick to milk its udders so that the calves do not suckle them.

وأكبر الصبي أي تغوط، وهو كناية

And Akbara the boy, meaning he defecated, and it is a euphemism.

والكبريت: معروف، وقولهم أعز من الكبريت الأحمر، إنما هو كقولهم: أعز من بيض الأنوق

And Al-kibrīt: is known, and their saying 'rarer than red sulfur' is like their saying 'rarer than the eggs of a female ostrich'.

ويقال: ذهب كبريت أي خالص؛ قال رؤبة بن العجاج بن رؤبة: هل ينفعني كذب سختيت، أو فضة أو ذهب كبريت؟

And it is said: 'kibrīt'ذهب means pure; Ru'bah ibn Al-'Ajjāj ibn Ru'bah said: Will lies of Sakhtīt benefit me, or silver, or pure gold?

والكبر: الأصف، فارسي معرب

And Al-kabar: Al-asf, a Persian word Arabized.

والكبر: نبات له شوك

And Al-kabar: a plant with thorns.

والكبر: طبل له وجه واحد

And Al-kabar: a drum with one face.

أنه أخذ عودا في منامه ليتخذ منه كبرا؛ رواه شمر في كتابه قال: الكبر بفتحتين الطبل فيما بلغنا، وقيل: هو الطبل ذو الرأسين، وقيل: الطبل الذي له وجه واحد

That he took a piece of wood in his sleep to make a drum from it; Shammir narrated it in his book, saying: Al-kabar, with two fathas, is the drum, as far as we know, and it was said: it is the drum with two heads, and it was said: the drum with one face.

سئل عن التعويذ يعلق على الحائط، فقال: إن كان في كبر فلا بأس أي في طبل صغير، وفي رواية: إن كان في قصبة، وجمعه كبار مثل جمل وجمال

He was asked about an amulet hung on the wall, so he said: If it is in a kibar, there is no harm, meaning in a small drum, and in another narration: If it is in a reed, and its plural is kibār like jamal and jamāl.

وفيت وفاء لم ير الناس مثله؛ بتعشار، إذ تحبو إلي الأكابر

I fulfilled a fulfillment that people have not seen the like of; at Ta'shar, when the great ones crawled to me.

ولي الأعظم من سلافها، ولي الهامة فيها والكبر

And I have the greatest of its wine, and I have the leadership and the greatness in it.

فما شهدت كوادس إذ رحلنا، ولا عتبت بأكبرة الوعول

So the she-camels did not witness when we departed, nor did the wild goats complain at Akbarah.