سور

Root entry · 18 derived lemmas

The root 'س و ر' primarily relates to concepts of elevation, ascent, and intensity. It encompasses physical height (walls, high places), the intoxicating effect of wine, and metaphorical elevation (status, intensity of emotion or action). It also extends to concepts of surrounding, attacking, and specific items like bracelets and walls.

Derived headwords

سَوَّرَverb

1.
to build a wallboth
To construct a wall around something, to fortify.
2.
to adorn with braceletsboth
To put bracelets on someone.

تَسَوَّرَverb

1.
to climb overboth
To ascend and go over a wall or barrier.
2.
to stormboth
To attack or enter like a thief, to storm a place.
3.
to rise toclassical
To rise up to someone or something.

إذ تسوروا المحراب — when they climbed over the sanctuary

مشيت حتى تسورت جدار أبي قتادة — I walked until I climbed over the wall of Abu Qatada

لم يبق إلا أن أسوره — nothing remained but that I should rise to him and take him

سُورَةnoun

1.
chapter (of Quran)both
A division or chapter of the Quran, named for its elevation or distinctness.
2.
wallboth
A fortified wall, especially of a city.
3.
intensityboth
Intensity, vehemence, or force, often of emotion or intoxication.
4.
elevationboth
A high place, a rank, or a significant position.
5.
severe coldclassical
Intense or severe cold.

وسورة الخمر: حميا دبيبها في شاربها — and the surah of wine: its feverish intoxication in its drinker

وسورة السلطان: سطوته واعتداؤه — and the surah of the sultan: his might and aggression

كل خلالها محمود ما خلا سورة من غرب — all her qualities were praiseworthy except for an intensity from sharpness

ما من أحد عمل عملا إلا سار في قلبه سورتان — there is no one who does an action except that two intensities run in his heart

السورة: البرد الشديد — The surah: severe cold

وسورة المجد: أثره وعلامته ارتفاعه — and the surah of glory: its trace and mark of elevation

فضرب بينهم بسور له باب — so a wall was placed between them, having a gate

سُؤْرnoun

1.
remnant of liquidclassical
The remaining liquid in a vessel, especially after drinking.

ولا فيها بسأآر، بوزن سعار بالهمز، أي لا يسئر في الإناء سؤرا بل يشتفه كله — and not with remnants, weighted like su'ar with hamza, meaning he does not leave a remnant in the vessel but drinks it all

سَارَverb

1.
to riseboth
To ascend, to rise up, to become elevated.
2.
to surgeboth
To surge or rise, especially of intoxicating drink in the head.
3.
to leapboth
To leap, to spring up, to become agitated or aggressive.

وسار الشراب في رأسه سورا وسؤورا وسؤرا على الأصل: دار وارتفع — and the drink surged in his head suran, su'uran, and su'uran, according to the origin: it swirled and rose

وسار يسور سورا وسؤورا: وثب وثار — and he surged and rose suran and su'uran: he leaped and became agitated

سار الرجل يسور سورا ارتفع — the man rose and ascended suran; he became elevated

سَاوَرَverb

1.
to grapple withboth
To grapple with, wrestle, or attack someone.
2.
to attackboth
To attack or assault someone.

وساوره مساورة وسوارا: واثبه — and he grappled with him musawarah and suwaran: he leaped upon him

وفلان ذو سورة في الحرب أي ذو نظر سديد — and so-and-so has surah in war, meaning sound judgment

وفي حديث عمر: فكدت أساوره في الصلاة أي أواثبه وأقاتله — and in the hadith of Umar: I almost grappled with him in prayer, meaning I almost leaped upon him and fought him

سُؤَارnoun

1.
intoxicationclassical
The intoxicating effect of wine, especially its initial surge in the head.
2.
leapclassical
A leap or surge, often of an aggressive nature.

أخذه سوار فرح — the surge of joy overcame him

سارت إليهم سؤور الأبجل الضاري — the surges of the fierce Abjal came towards them

سَوَّارnoun

1.
aggressive drunkardclassical
A drunkard who becomes aggressive or leaps upon others when intoxicated.
2.
leaperclassical
One who leaps or attacks suddenly.

ومننه يقال للمعربد: سوار — and from this, the drunkard is called a suwwar

والسوار: الذي تسور الخمر في رأسه سريعا كأنه هو الذي يسور — and the suwwar: he whose head is quickly overcome by wine as if he himself is the one surging

أي بمعربد من سار إذا وثب وثب المعربد — meaning an aggressive drunkard from sara when he leaps, the leaping of the drunkard

سُورnoun

1.
wallboth
A city wall or fortification; a high wall.
2.
elevationboth
A high place or position.

والسور: حائط المدينة، مذكر — and the sur: the wall of the city, masculine

والجمع أسوار وسيران — and the plural is aswar and sayran

وسار يسور سورا وسؤورا: وثب وثار — and he surged and rose suran and su'uran: he leaped and became agitated

وسور الإبل: كرامها — and the sur of camels: their noble ones

سَوَّارnoun

1.
braceletboth
A woman's bracelet, a piece of jewelry worn on the wrist.

والسوار: الذي تسور الخمر في رأسه سريعا كأنه هو الذي يسور — and the suwwar: he whose head is quickly overcome by wine as if he himself is the one surging

والسوار من الكلاب: الذي يأخذ بالرأس — and the suwwar among dogs: the one that attacks the head

والسوار: الذي يواثب نديمه إذا شرب — and the suwwar: the one who leaps upon his companion when he drinks

والسوار من الحلي: معروف — and the suwwar of jewelry: known

أَسْوَرَةnoun

1.
braceletsboth
Plural of 'suwar', referring to women's bracelets.

والجمع أسورة وأساور، الأخيرة جمع الجمع، والكثير سور وسؤور — and the plural is aswirah and asawir, the latter being a plural of plural, and the most common is sur and su'ur

إِسْوَارnoun

1.
braceletboth
A woman's bracelet; also used for a type of ring or band.
2.
cavalry commanderclassical
A commander of cavalry, or a skilled horseman.

والإسوار كالسوار، والجمع أساورة — and the iswar is like the suwar, and the plural is asawirah

والأسوار والإسوار: قائد الفرس — and the aswar and iswar: the commander of the cavalry

أَسَاوِرَةnoun

1.
braceletsboth
Plural of 'iswar', referring to bracelets.
2.
cavalrymenclassical
Plural of 'aswar' or 'iswar', referring to horsemen or cavalry.

والجمع أساورة وأساور — and the plural is asawirah and asawir

والأسوار والإسوار: قائد الفرس، وقيل: هو الجيد الرمي بالسهام، وقيل: هو الجيد الثبات على ظهر الفرس، والجمع أساورة وأساور — and the aswar and iswar: the commander of the cavalry, and it is said: he is skilled in archery, and it is said: he is skilled in staying on horseback, and the plural is asawirah and asawir

مُسَاوَرَةnoun

1.
grapplingboth
The act of grappling, wrestling, or attacking.

وساوره مساورة وسوارا: واثبه — and he grappled with him musawarah and suwaran: he leaped upon him

مَسْوَرَةnoun

1.
cushionboth
A cushion or bolster, often made of leather, used for leaning on.

والمسورة والمسورة: متكأ من أدم، وجمعها المساور — and the maswar and maswarah: a cushion made of leather, and its plural is al-masawir

وقد جلس على المسورة — and he sat on the cushion

سُورِيّadjective

1.
Syrianboth
Pertaining to Syria or its people.

سُورِيَّةnoun

1.
Syriaboth
The country of Syria.

سُورِيَّاتnoun

1.
Syriansboth
Plural of Syrian women.

Parallel reading

ترى شربها حمر الحداق كأنهم ... أسارى، إذا ما مار فيهم سؤارها

You see its drinkers with red eyes as if they were captives, when its intoxication surges within them.

وهو دبيب الشراب في الرأس أي دب فيه الفرح دبيب الشراب.

And it is the creeping of the drink in the head, meaning joy crept into it like the creeping of drink.

والسورة في الشراب: تناول الشراب للرأس، وقيل: سورة الخمر حميا دبيبها في شاربها، وسورة الشراب وثوبه في الرأس، وكذلك سورة الحمة وثوبها.

And the surah in drink: the drink's effect on the head, and it is said: the surah of wine is its feverish intoxication in its drinker, and the surah of drink and its effect on the head, and likewise the surah of venom and its effect.

وسورة السلطان: سطوته واعتداؤه.

And the surah of the sultan: his might and aggression.

كل خلالها محمود ما خلا سورة من غرب

All her qualities were praiseworthy except for an intensity from sharpness.

ما من أحد عمل عملا إلا سار في قلبه سورتان.

There is no one who does an action except that two intensities run in his heart.

وسار الشراب في رأسه سورا وسؤورا وسؤرا على الأصل: دار وارتفع.

And the drink surged in his head suran, su'uran, and su'uran, according to the origin: it swirled and rose.

والسوار: الذي تسور الخمر في رأسه سريعا كأنه هو الذي يسور؛

And the suwwar: he whose head is quickly overcome by wine as if he himself is the one surging;

شارب مربح بالكاس نادمني ... لا بالحصور، ولا فيها بسوار

A drinker who offers generously with the cup kept me company... not abstinent, nor aggressive when drunk.

له سوارى أي له ارتفاع؛

He has elevation, meaning he has height;

والسورة: البرد الشديد.

And the surah: severe cold.

ولآل حراب وقد سورة، ... في المجد، ليس غرابها بمطار

And for the descendants of Harab, there is an elevation... in glory, their distinction is not to be outmatched.

سارت إليهم سؤور الأبجل الضاري

The surges of the fierce Abjal came towards them.

ذو عيث يسر ... إذ كان شعشعه سوار الملجم

Possessing a strong spirit... when the reins' rider attacked.

والإنسان يساور إنسانا إذا تناول رأسه.

And a person grapples with another person if he takes hold of his head.

وفلان ذو سورة في الحرب أي ذو نظر سديد.

And so-and-so has surah in war, meaning sound judgment.

والسوار من الكلاب: الذي يأخذ بالرأس.

And the suwwar among dogs: the one that attacks the head.

والسوار: الذي يواثب نديمه إذا شرب.

And the suwwar: the one who leaps upon his companion when he drinks.

والسورة: الوثبة.

And the surah: the leap.

وقد سرت إليه أي وثبت إليه.

And I leaped to him, meaning I sprang towards him.

ويقال: إن لغضبه لسورة.

And it is said: his anger has intensity.

وهو سوار أي وثاب معربد.

And he is a suwwar, meaning a leaping, aggressive drunkard.

فكدت أساوره في الصلاة أي أواثبه وأقاتله

I almost grappled with him in prayer, meaning I almost leaped upon him and fought him.

إذا يساور قرنا لا يحل له ... أن يترك القرن، إلا وهو مجدول

When he grapples with an equal, it is not permissible for him... to leave the equal, unless he has subdued him.

والسور: حائط المدينة، مذكر؛

And the sur: the wall of the city, masculine;

لما أتى خبر الزبير تواضعت ... سور المدينة، والجبال الخشع

When the news of Zubayr came, the walls of the city bowed, and the mountains were humble.

سرت الحائط سورا وتسورته إذا علوته.

I scaled the wall suran and scaled it, if you mean you climbed over it.

وتسور الحائط: تسلقه.

And he scaled the wall: he climbed over it.

وتسور الحائط: هجم مثل اللص؛

And he scaled the wall: he attacked like a thief;

مشيت حتى تسورت جدار أبي قتادة أي علوته؛

I walked until I climbed over the wall of Abu Qatada, meaning I ascended it;

لم يبق إلا أن أسوره أي أرتفع إليه وآخذه.

Nothing remained but that I should rise to him and take him.

فتساورت لها ؛ أي رفعت لها شخصي.

So I rose up to her; meaning I raised my person to her.

إذ تسوروا المحراب

When they climbed over the sanctuary.

تسورت الشيب وخف النحض

Gray hair climbed over, and the flesh lightened.

وتسور عليه: كسوره

And he scaled over him: like scaling him.

والسورة: المنزلة، والجمع سور وسور، الأخيرة عن كراع، والسورة من البناء: ما حسن وطال.

And the surah: the rank, and the plural is sur and sur, the latter from Kurra', and the surah of a building: what is beautiful and tall.

وهي كل منزلة من البناء؛

And it is every rank of a building;

ومننه سورة القرآن لأنها منزلة بعد منزلة مقطوعة عن الأخرى

And from this is the surah of the Quran because it is a rank after a rank, cut off from the other.

هن الحرائر لا ربات أخمرة، ... سود المحاجر لا يقرأن بالسور

They are the free women, not mistresses of veils, with dark eyes, who do not read by chapters.

فضرب بينهم بسور له باب باطنه فيه الرحمة

So a wall was placed between them, having a gate, within which is mercy.

سرْتُ إليه في أعالي السور

I rose to him in the upper parts of the wall.

ألم تر أن الله أعطاك سورة، ... ترى كل ملك دونها يتذبذب؟

Do you not see that God has given you a rank, under which every king trembles?

والسورة من سور القرآن عندنا قطعة من القرآن سبق وحدانها جمعها كما أن الغرفة سابقة للغرف

And the surah from the surahs of the Quran, with us, is a piece of the Quran whose singular preceded its plural, just as a room precedes rooms.

وأما سورة القرآن فإن الله، جل ثناؤه، جعلها سورا مثل غرفة وغرف ورتبة ورتب وزلفة وزلف

And as for the surah of the Quran, God, may He be exalted, made them surahs like a room and rooms, and a rank and ranks, and a step and steps.

سورة كل شيء حده.

The surah of everything is its limit.

السورة الرفعة، وبها سميت السورة من القرآن، أي رفعة وخير،

The surah is elevation, and by it the surah of the Quran is named, meaning elevation and goodness,

وسور الإبل: كرامها؛

And the sur of camels: their noble ones;

وبينهما سورة أي علامة؛

And between them is a surah, meaning a sign;

والسوار والسوار القلب: سوار المرأة، والجمع أسورة وأساور، الأخيرة جمع الجمع، والكثير سور وسؤور؛

And the suwar and the suwar al-qalb: the woman's bracelet, and the plural is aswirah and asawir, the latter being a plural of plural, and the most common is sur and su'ur;

والإسوار «5». كالسوار، والجمع أساورة.

And the iswar is like the suwar, and the plural is asawirah.

غادة تغرث الوشاح، ولا يغرث ... منها الخلخال والإسوار

A graceful woman whose necklace is loose, and from her the anklet and the bracelet are not loose.

يرى الإسوار فيهن أعجما

The bracelets are seen on them like foreign objects.

بل أيها الراكب المفني شبيبته، ... يبكي على ذات خلخال وإسوار

Rather, O rider who exhausts his youth, ... he weeps for one with an anklet and a bracelet.

كما لاح تبر في يد لمعت به ... كعاب، بدا إسوارها وخضيبها

As gold appeared on a hand that shone with it... a beautiful woman, her bracelet and her henna appeared.

فلولا ألقي عليه أساورة من ذهب.

Why were not bracelets of gold cast upon him.

يحلون فيها من أساور من ذهب*

They will be adorned therein with bracelets of gold*

والقلب من الفضة يسمى سوارا [سوارا] وإن كان من الذهب فهو أيضا سوار [سوارا]، وكلاهما لباس أهل الجنة، أحلنا الله فيها برحمته.

And the ring of silver is called a suwar, and if it is of gold, it is also a suwar, and both are the attire of the people of Paradise, may God admit us to it by His mercy.

والأسوار والإسوار: قائد الفرس، وقيل: هو الجيد الرمي بالسهام، وقيل: هو الجيد الثبات على ظهر الفرس، والجمع أساورة وأساور؛

And the aswar and iswar: the commander of the cavalry, and it is said: he is skilled in archery, and it is said: he is skilled in staying on horseback, and the plural is asawirah and asawir;

ووتر الأساور القياسا، ... صغدية تنتزع الأنفاسا

And the string of the bracelets measured, ... a Sagdian drawing out breaths.

والأساورة: قوم من العجم بالبصرة نزلوها قديما كالأحامرة بالكوفة.

And the Asawirah: a people of Persians in Basra who settled there long ago, like the Ahamirah in Kufa.

والمسور والمسورة: متكأ من أدم، وجمعها المساور.

And the maswar and maswarah: a cushion made of leather, and its plural is al-masawir.

وقد جلس على المسورة.

And he sat on the cushion.

إنما سميت المسورة مسورة لعلوها وارتفاعها، من قول العرب سار إذا ارتفع؛

The maswarah is named maswarah only for its height and elevation, from the saying of the Arabs: sara if it means to rise;

سرت إليه في أعالي السور أراد: ارتفعت إليه.

I rose to him in the upper parts of the wall, meaning: I ascended to him.

لا يضر المرأة أن لا تنقض شعرها إذا أصاب الماء سور رأسها ؛ أي أعلاه.

It does not harm a woman not to untie her hair if water reaches the surah of her head; meaning its top.

وكل مرتفع: سور.

And everything elevated: sur.