سخر

Root entry · 17 derived lemmas

This root primarily concerns the concept of mocking, ridiculing, or making light of someone or something. It extends to the idea of subjugating, making something subservient, or compelling it to work without pay, often implying a lack of free will or agency. It can also refer to something that is easily moved or obedient.

Derived headwords

سَخِرَverb

1.
to mock, ridiculeboth
To make fun of someone, to treat them with contempt or derision.
2.
to be subservient, subjugatedclassical
To be made to serve or obey, to be brought under control or dominion.

سَخِرَ منه وبه — He mocked him and ridiculed him

لا يسخر قوم من قوم — Let not one group of people mock another

سُخْرًاnoun

1.
mockery, ridiculeboth
The act of mocking or ridiculing; derision.
2.
subjugation, servitudeclassical
The state of being made subservient or compelled to work.

وبه سخرا — and ridiculed him

سُخْرَةnoun

1.
mockery, ridiculeclassical
The act of mocking or ridiculing.
2.
a servant, a slaveclassical
Someone who is made to work without pay or is subjugated.
3.
a beast of burden or servant hired without payclassical
An animal or person that is made to work without payment or compensation.

ورجل سخرة: يسخر بالناس — And a man who is a 'sukhra': he mocks people

سُخْرِيًّاnoun

1.
mockery, ridiculeboth
The act of mocking or ridiculing.
2.
subservience, subjugationclassical
The state of being made to serve or obey.

وقرئ بهما قوله تعالى: ليتخذ بعضهم بعضا سخريا — And both were read in God's saying: 'So that some of them might take others in ridicule.'

سُخْرِيَةnoun

1.
mockery, ridiculeboth
The act of mocking or ridiculing.
2.
subservience, subjugationclassical
The state of being made to serve or obey.

ومن أنثه قال سخرية — And whoever feminizes it, says 'sukhriya'

مُسَخَّرadjective

1.
subjugated, made subservientboth
Someone or something that has been made to serve or obey, brought under control.
2.
compelled to work without payclassical
Someone who is forced to perform labor without compensation.

وكل مقهور مدبر لا يملك لنفسه ما يخلصه من القهر، فذلك مسخر — And every oppressed, managed person who cannot save himself from oppression, that is a 'musakhkhar'.

سَخَّرَverb

1.
to make subservient, to subjugateboth
To cause something or someone to be obedient, to bring them under control or dominion.
2.
to compel to work without payclassical
To force someone to perform labor without compensation.

وسخر لكم الشمس والقمر — And He subjected to you the sun and the moon

سخره تسخيرا: كلفه عملا بلا أجرة — 'Sakhkharahu taskheeran': He tasked him with work without pay

تَسْخِيرnoun

1.
subjugation, making subservientboth
The act of causing something or someone to be obedient or controlled.
2.
compelling to work without payclassical
The act of forcing someone to perform labor without compensation.
3.
taming, making easy to useclassical
The process of making an animal or object manageable and useful.

والتسخير: التذليل — And 'taskheer': is making subservient.

تَسَخَّرَverb

1.
to be compelled to work without payclassical
To be forced to perform labor without compensation.

وكذلك تسخره — And likewise 'tasakhkharuhu'

يَسْتَسْخِرُونverb

1.
they mock, they ridiculeclassical
They make fun of, they treat with derision.
2.
they call upon others to mockclassical
They incite or encourage others to engage in mockery.

وإذا رأوا آية يستسخرون — And when they see a sign, they mock

سُخْرِيّnoun

1.
mockery, ridiculeboth
The act of mocking or ridiculing.
2.
subservience, subjugationclassical
The state of being made to serve or obey.

والسخري، بالكسر، من الهزء — And 'sukhri', with kasra, is from mockery.

سَخِرِيّnoun

1.
mockery, ridiculeboth
The act of mocking or ridiculing.

ومن ذكر قال سخريا — And whoever masculine says 'sukhriya'

سَخِرِيَّةnoun

1.
mockery, ridiculeboth
The act of mocking or ridiculing.

ومن أنث قال سخرية — And whoever feminizes says 'sukhriya'

سَخِرِيّnoun

1.
mockery, ridiculeboth
The act of mocking or ridiculing.

والاسم السخرية والسخري والسخري — And the noun is 'al-sukhriya', 'al-sukhri', and 'al-sukhri'.

سَخِرَةnoun

1.
mockery, ridiculeclassical
The act of mocking or ridiculing.
2.
a servant, a slaveclassical
Someone who is made to work without pay or is subjugated.

والسخرة: الضحكة — And 'al-sukhra': is a laugh.

سَوَارِخadjective

1.
obedient (ships)classical
Ships that are obedient and sail smoothly.

سواخر في سواء اليم تحتفز — Sailing smoothly in the open sea, ready to move.

سُكْرَانnoun

1.
intoxicated personclassical
A person who is drunk or intoxicated.

والسخر: السيكران؛ عن أبي حنيفة — And 'al-sakhr': is the intoxicated person; according to Abu Hanifa.

Parallel reading

سخر منه وبه سخرا وسخرا ومسخرا وسخرا، بالضم، وسخرة وسخريا وسخريا وسخرية: هزئ به

He mocked him and ridiculed him, with 'sukhra', 'sukhr', 'musakhkhar', 'sukhr' (with damma), 'sukhra', 'sukhriya', 'sukhriya', and 'sukhriya': meaning he ridiculed him.

إني أتتني لسان، لا أسر بها، ... من علو، لا عجب منها ولا سخر

Indeed, news has come to me, which I do not rejoice in, ... from above, there is no wonder in it nor mockery.

قال ذلك لما بلغه خبر مقتل أخيه المنتشر، والتأنيث للكلمة.

He said that when the news of his brother Al-Muntashir's murder reached him, and the word is feminine.

وقد يكون نعتا كقولهم: هم لك سخري وسخرية

And it can be an adjective, as in their saying: 'They are for you to mock and be mocked by'.

يقال سخرت منه، ولا يقال سخرت به.

It is said 'sakhirtu minhu' (I mocked him), and it is not said 'sakhirtu bihi' (I mocked him).

لا يسخر قوم من قوم

Let not one group of people mock another.

وسخرت من فلان هي اللغة الفصيحة.

And 'sakhirtu min fulan' (I mocked so-and-so) is the eloquent language.

فيسخرون منهم سخر الله منهم

They mock them; God will mock them.

إن تسخروا منا فإنا نسخر منكم

If you mock us, then we will mock you.

تغير قومي ولا أسخر، ... وما حم من قدر

My people have changed, and I do not mock, ... and what is destined from fate.

أسخر أي لا أسخر منهم.

'Askhar' means 'I do not mock them'.

لو سخرت من راضع لخشيت أن يجوز بي فعله.

If I were to mock a nursing infant, I would fear that my action would go too far.

سخرت به، وهو أردأ اللغتين.

'Sakhirtu bihi' (I mocked him), and it is the worst of the two languages.

سخرت منه وسخرت به، وضحكت منه وضحكت به؛ كل يقال

'Sakhirtu minhu' and 'sakhirtu bihi', and 'dahiktu minhu' and 'dahiktu bihi'; all are said.

والاسم السخرية والسخري والسخري، وقرئ بهما قوله تعالى: ليتخذ بعضهم بعضا سخريا

And the noun is 'al-sukhriya', 'al-sukhri', and 'al-sukhri', and both were read in God's saying: 'So that some of them might take others in ridicule'.

أتسخر مني وأنا الملك؟

Are you mocking me while I am the king?

أي أتستهزئ بي، وإطلاق ظاهره على الله لا يجوز، وإنما هو مجاز بمعنى: أتضعني فيما لا أراه من حقي؟

Meaning, are you ridiculing me? And applying its apparent meaning to God is not permissible; rather, it is a metaphor meaning: Are you demeaning me in a way that I do not see as my right?

وإذا رأوا آية يستسخرون

And when they see a sign, they mock.

معناه يدعو بعضهم بعضا إلى أن يسخر، كيسخرون، كعلا قرنه واستعلاه.

Its meaning is that some of them call upon others to mock, like 'yastaskhirun', as in 'ala qarnahu wa-sta'lahu' (he raised his horn and became exalted).

يستسخرون ؛ أي يسخرون ويستهزئون، كما تقول: عجب وتعجب واستعجب بمعنى واحد.

'Yastaskhirun'; meaning they mock and ridicule, just as you say: 'ajaba', 'ta'ajjaba', and 'ista'ajjaba' all mean the same thing.

والسخرة: الضحكة.

And 'al-sukhra': is a laugh.

ورجل سخرة: يسخر بالناس، وفي التهذيب: يسخر من الناس.

And a man who is a 'sukhra': he mocks people, and in Al-Tahdhib: he mocks people.

وسخرة: يسخر منه، وكذلك سخري وسخرية؛ من ذكره كسر السين، ومن أنثه ضمها، وقرئ بهما قوله تعالى: ليتخذ بعضهم بعضا سخريا

And 'sukhra': one is mocked by him, and likewise 'sukhri' and 'sukhriya'; if you use the masculine form, it has a kasra on the 'seen', and if you use the feminine form, it has a damma on the 'seen', and both were read in God's saying: 'So that some of them might take others in ridicule'.

والسخرة: ما تسخرت من دابة أو خادم بلا أجر ولا ثمن.

And 'al-sukhra': is what you make subservient from a beast or a servant without pay or price.

ويقال: سخرته بمعنى سخرته أي قهرته وذللته.

And it is said: 'sakhartuhu' meaning 'sakhartuhu', meaning I compelled him and made him subservient.

وسخر لكم الشمس والقمر ؛ أي ذللهما، والشمس والقمر مسخران يجريان مجاريهما أي سخرا جاريين عليهما.

And He subjected to you the sun and the moon; meaning He made them subservient, and the sun and the moon are subjected, running their courses, meaning they are subservient, running upon them.

والنجوم مسخرات* ، قال الأزهري: جاريات مجاريهن.

And the stars are subjected*, said Al-Azhari: running their courses.

سخره تسخيرا: كلفه عملا بلا أجرة، وكذلك تسخره.

He compelled him to work ('sakhkharahu taskheeran'): He tasked him with work without pay, and likewise 'tasakhkharahu'.

وسخره يسخره سخريا وسخريا وسخره: كلفه ما لا يريد وقهره.

And he compelled him ('sakhkharahu') to do what he did not want and subjugated him.

وكل مقهور مدبر لا يملك لنفسه ما يخلصه من القهر، فذلك مسخر.

And every oppressed, managed person who cannot save himself from oppression, that is a 'musakhkhar'.

ألم تروا أن الله سخر لكم ما في السماوات وما في الأرض ؛ قال الزجاج: تسخير ما في السموات تسخير الشمس والقمر والنجوم للآدميين، وهو الانتفاع بها في بلوغ منابتهم والاقتداء بها في مسالكهم، وتسخير ما في الأرض تسخير بحارها وأنهارها ودوابها وجميع منافعها؛

Have you not seen that God has subjected to you whatever is in the heavens and whatever is on the earth? Said Al-Zajjaj: Subjecting what is in the heavens is subjecting the sun, the moon, and the stars to mankind, which is benefiting from them in reaching their destinations and following them in their paths, and subjecting what is on the earth is subjecting its seas, rivers, beasts, and all its benefits;

وهو سخرة لي وسخري وسخري، وقيل: السخري، بالضم، من التسخير والسخري، بالكسر، من الهزء.

And it is 'sukhra' for me, and 'sukhri', and 'sukhri'. And it is said: 'al-sukhri', with damma, is from subjugation, and 'al-sukhri', with kasra, is from mockery.

وقد يقال في الهزء: سخري وسخري، وأما من السخرة فواحده مضموم.

And it may be said for mockery: 'sukhri' and 'sukhri', but as for from 'al-sukhra', its singular is with damma.

فاتخذتموهم سخريا حتى أنسوكم ذكري، فهو سخريا وسخريا، والضم أجود.

So you took them in ridicule until they made you forget My remembrance, so it is 'sukhriya' and 'sukhriya', and the damma is better.

سخريا من سخر إذا استهزأ، والذي في الزخرف: ليتخذ بعضهم بعضا سخريا، عبيدا وإماء وأجراء.

'Sukhriya' from 'sakhira' if he mocked, and what is in Al-Zukhruf: 'So that some of them might take others in ridicule', meaning slaves, bondwomen, and hired laborers.

وقال: خادم سخرة، ورجل سخرة أيضا: يسخر منه، وسخرة، بفتح الخاء، يسخر من الناس.

And he said: a servant 'sukhra', and a man 'sukhra' also: he is mocked by, and 'sakhra', with fatha on the 'kha', he mocks people.

وتسخرت دابة لفلان أي ركبتها بغير أجر؛ وأنشد:

And I rode a beast for so-and-so ('tasakhkhartu'): meaning I rode it without pay; and he recited:

سواخر في سواء اليم تحتفز

Sailing smoothly in the open sea, ready to move.

ويقال: سخرته بمعنى سخرته أي قهرته.

And it is said: 'sakhartuhu' meaning 'sakhartuhu', meaning I compelled him.

ورجل سخرة: يسخر في الأعمال ويتسخره من قهره.

And a man 'sukhra': he works in tasks and is compelled by whoever subjugates him.

وسخرت السفينة: أطاعت وجرت وطاب لها السير، والله سخرها تسخيرا.

And the ship sailed ('sakhkhirat'): it obeyed and ran, and its sailing was pleasant, and God made it subservient ('sakhkharaha taskheeran').

والتسخير: التذليل.

And 'al-taskheer': is making subservient.

وسفن سواخر إذا أطاعت وطاب لها الريح.

And ships 'sawakhir' if they obeyed and the wind was favorable to them.

وكل ما ذل وانقاد أو تهيأ لك على ما تريد، فقد سخر لك.

And everything that is made subservient and obedient, or is prepared for you as you wish, has been made subservient to you.

والسخر: السيكران؛ عن أبي حنيفة.

And 'al-sakhr': is the intoxicated person; according to Abu Hanifa.