الثأر والثؤرة: الذحل.
Al-tha'r and al-thu'rah: resentment/hatred.
الثأر الطلب بالدم، وقيل: الدم نفسه، والجمع أثآر وآثار، على القلب؛ حكاه يعقوب.
Al-tha'r is the pursuit with blood, and it is said: the blood itself, and its plural is ath'aar and aathaar, with metathesis; Ya'qub narrated this.
وقيل: الثأر قاتل حميمك، والاسم الثؤرة.
And it is said: al-tha'r is the killer of your kinsman, and the noun is al-thu'rah.
أدرك فلان ثؤرته إذا أدرك من يطلب ثأره.
So-and-so achieved his vengeance when he achieved the one for whom he sought vengeance.
ويقال: ثأرت القتيل وبالقتيل ثأرا وثؤرة، فأنا ثائر، أي قتلت قاتله؛
And it is said: I avenged the slain, and I avenged by the slain, seeking vengeance and vengeance, so I am an avenger, meaning I killed his killer;
شفيت به نفسي وأدركت ثؤرتي، ... بني مالك، هل كنت في ثؤرتي نكسا؟
I satisfied my soul with him and achieved my vengeance, ... O Banu Malik, were you a setback in my vengeance?
والثائر: الذي لا يبقي على شيء حتى يدرك ثأره.
And the avenger is he who spares nothing until he achieves his vengeance.
وأثأر الرجل واثأر: أدرك ثأره.
And the man achieved vengeance and pursued vengeance: he achieved his vengeance.
وثأر به وثأره: طلب دمه.
And he sought vengeance by him and sought vengeance for him: he sought his blood.
ويقال: ثأرتك بكذا أي أدركت به ثأري منك.
And it is said: I avenged you with such-and-such, meaning I achieved my vengeance against you through it.
ويقال: ثأرت فلانا واثأرت به إذا طلبت قاتله.
And it is said: I avenged so-and-so and pursued vengeance by him when I sought his killer.
والثائر: الطالب. والثائر: المطلوب، ويجمع الأثآر؛ والثؤرة المصدر.
And the avenger is the seeker. And the avenger is the sought one, and it is pluralized as al-ath'aar; and al-thu'rah is the verbal noun.
وثأرت القوم ثأرا إذا طلبت بثأرهم.
And I sought vengeance for the people with vengeance when I sought their vengeance.
ثأرت فلانا وثأرت بفلان إذا قتلت قاتله.
I avenged so-and-so and I avenged by so-and-so when I killed his killer.
وثأرك: الرجل الذي أصاب حميمك؛
And your vengeance is: the man who harmed your kinsman;
قتلت به ثأري وأدركت ثؤرتي «3».
I killed my vengeance with him and achieved my vengeance.
طعنت ابن عبد القيس طعنة ثائر، ... لها نفذ، لولا الشعاع أضاءها
I struck Ibn Abd al-Qays with the strike of an avenger, ... it had penetration, were it not for the gleam that illuminated it.
لأثأرن ... عديا ونعمان بن قيل وأيهما قال ابن سيده: هؤلاء قوم من بني يربوع قتلهم بنو شيبان يوم مليحة فحلف أن يطلب بثأرهم.
I will surely avenge ... Adiy and Nu'man ibn Qayl and whichever of them Ibn Saydah said: these are people from Banu Yarbu', whom Banu Shayban killed on the day of Maliha, so he swore to seek their vengeance.
ويقال: هو ثأره أي قاتل حميمه؛
And it is said: he is his vengeance, meaning the killer of his kinsman;
قتلوا أباك، وثأره لم يقتل
They killed your father, and his vengeance has not been killed.
فأمرتهم أن لا يفعلوا. وكان لها ولد يقال له ذكوان بن عمرو بن مرة بن فقيم، فلما شب راض الإبل بالبصرة فخرج يوم عيد فركب ناقة له فقال له ابن عم له: ما أحسن هيئتك يا ذكوان لو كنت أدركت ما صنع بأمك.
So she ordered them not to do so. And she had a son named Dhakwan ibn Amr ibn Murrah ibn Faqeem. When he grew up and tamed camels in Basra, he went out one Eid day and rode a she-camel. A cousin of his said to him: How good your appearance is, O Dhakwan, if only you had avenged what was done to your mother.
فاستنجد ذكوان ابن عم له فخرج حتى أتيا غالبا أبا الفرزدق بالحزن متنكرين يطلبان له غرة، فلم يقدرا على ذلك حتى تحمل غالب إلى كاظمة، فعرض له ذكوان وابن عمه فقالا: هل من بعير يباع؟
So Dhakwan sought help from a cousin of his, and they went out until they came upon Ghalib, the father of Al-Farazdaq, in Al-Huzn, disguised, seeking an opportunity against him. They could not do so until Ghalib traveled to Kazima. Dhakwan and his cousin presented themselves to him and said: Is there a camel for sale?
فقالا: حط لنا حتى ننظر إليه، ففعل غالب ذلك وتخلف الفرزدق وأعوان له، فلما حط عن البعير نظرا إليه وقالا له: لا يعجبنا، فتخلف الفرزدق ومن معه على البعير يحملون عليه ولحق ذكوان وابن عمه غالبا، وهو عديل أم الفرزدق، على بعير في محمل فعقر البعير فخر غالب وامرأته ثم شدا على بعير جعثن أخت الفرزدق فعقراه ثم هربا، فذكروا أن غالبا لم يزل وجعا من تلك السقطة حتى مات بكاظمة.
And they said: Unload it for us so we can look at it. Ghalib did so, and Al-Farazdaq and his companions stayed behind. When it was unloaded, they looked at it and said to him: We do not like it. Al-Farazdaq and those with him remained with the camel, carrying it. Dhakwan and his cousin followed Ghalib, who was the brother-in-law of Al-Farazdaq's mother, on a camel in a howdah. They hamstrung the camel, so Ghalib and his wife fell. Then they attacked Ja'than, Al-Farazdaq's sister, on a camel, hamstrung it, and fled. It is mentioned that Ghalib remained in pain from that fall until he died in Kazima.
والمثؤور به: المقتول.
And al-math'oor bihi: the murdered one.
وتقول: يا ثارات فلان أي يا قتلة فلان.
And you say: O vengeance of so-and-so, meaning O killers of so-and-so.
يا ثارات عثمان أي يا أهل ثاراته، ويا أيها الطالبون بدمه، فحذف المضاف وأقام المضاف إليه مقامه؛
O vengeance of Uthman, meaning O people of his vengeance, and O seekers of his blood, so the possessor was omitted and the possessed took its place;
لتسمعن وشيكا في ديارهم: ... الله أكبر، يا ثارات عثمانا
You will soon hear in their dwellings: ... Allah is the greatest, O vengeance of Uthman!
يقال يا ثارات فلان أي يا قتلته، فعلى الأول يكون قد نادى طالبي الثأر ليعينوه على استيفائه وأخذه، والثاني يكون قد نادى القتلة تعريفا لهم وتقريعا وتفظيعا للأمر عليهم حتى يجمع لهم عند أخذ الثأر بين القتل وبين تعريف الجرم؛ وتسميته وقرع أسماعهم به ليصدع قلوبهم فيكون أنكأ فيهم وأشفى للناس.
It is said, 'O vengeance of so-and-so,' meaning 'O killers of so-and-so.' According to the first interpretation, he called upon the seekers of vengeance to help him in its fulfillment and taking. According to the second, he called upon the killers for identification, reprimand, and to magnify the matter against them, so that when vengeance is taken, it combines killing with identifying the crime; naming them and striking their ears with it to break their hearts, making it more impactful and healing for the people.
ويقال: اثأر فلان من فلان إذا أدرك ثأره، وكذلك إذا قتل قاتل وليه؛
And it is said: So-and-so achieved vengeance from so-and-so when he achieved his vengeance, and likewise when he killed the killer of his guardian;
والنيب إن تعر مني رمة خلقا، ... بعد الممات، فإني كنت أثئر أي كنت أنحرها للضيفان، فقد أدركت منها ثأري في حياتي مجازاة لتقضمها عظامي النخرة بعد مماتي، وذلك أن الإبل إذا لم تجد حمضا ارتمت عظام الموتى وعظام الإبل تحمض بها.
And the she-camel, if its decayed carcass is exposed to me after death, then indeed I used to provide for it (slaughter it for guests), so I have achieved my vengeance from it in my life as a recompense for its gnawing on my decayed bones after my death. This is because camels, if they do not find sour fodder, will gnaw on the bones of the dead and the bones of camels to make them sour.
لا تغمدوا سيوفكم عن أعدائكم فتوتروا ثأركم ؛ الثأر هاهنا: العدو لأنه موضع الثأر، أراد أنكم تمكنون عدوكم من أخذ وتره عندكم.
Do not sheathe your swords against your enemies, lest you empower your vengeance; vengeance here means the enemy because it is the place of vengeance. He meant that you allow your enemy to take his revenge upon you.
واثأر: كان الأصل فيه اثتأر فأدغمت في الثاء وشددت، وهو افتعال «4» من ثأر.
And 'ath'ara': its origin was 'ithta'ara', so the 'ta' was assimilated into the 'tha' and doubled, and it is an 'ifti'aal' form from 'tha'r'.
والثأر المنيم: الذي يكون كفؤا لدم وليك.
And al-tha'r al-munim: that which is equivalent to the blood of your guardian.
الثأر المنيم الذي إذا أصابه الطالب رضي به فنام بعده؛
Al-tha'r al-munim is that which, when the seeker achieves it, he is satisfied and sleeps thereafter;
استثأر فلان فهو مستثئر إذا استغاث ليثأر بمقتوله: إذا جاءهم مستثئر كان نصره ... دعاء: ألا طيروا بكل وأى نهد
So-and-so sought help for vengeance, and he is seeking help for vengeance, if he called for help to avenge his slain: when one seeking help for vengeance came to them, his victory was... a supplication: 'O fly with every strong and firm one!'
كأنه يستغيث بمن ينجده على ثأره.
As if he is seeking help from someone who will aid him in his vengeance.
أنا له يا رسول الله الموتور الثائر أي طالب الثأر، وهو طلب الدم.
I am for him, O Messenger of Allah, the wronged avenger, meaning the seeker of vengeance, which is the pursuit of blood.
والثؤرور: الجلواز، وقد تقدم في حرف التاء أنه التؤرور بالتاء؛ عن الفارسي.
And al-thu'rur: the jilwaz (a type of shoe), and it has been mentioned under the letter 'ta' that it is 'tu'rur' with 'ta'; according to Al-Farisi.