بشر

Root entry · 18 derived lemmas

This root primarily concerns the concept of 'humanity' or 'mankind' as a collective, and also refers to the outer layer of skin, its appearance, and related actions like peeling or revealing it. It extends to descriptions of skin quality and the human form.

Derived headwords

البَشَرnoun

1.
humanity, mankindboth
The collective term for human beings, encompassing males and females, singular, dual, and plural. It is not typically dualized or pluralized in this sense.
2.
humansboth
The singular and plural form for human beings, used interchangeably.

بَشَرnoun

1.
skin (of face/body)both
The outer layer of the skin of the head, face, or body, especially the part where hair grows, or the part closest to the flesh.
2.
appearance, complexionboth
Referring to the color, texture, and overall appearance of the skin.
3.
leather surfaceclassical
The outer surface of tanned leather.

بَشَرَةnoun

1.
skin (of face/body)both
The outer layer of the skin of the head, face, or body, particularly the part where hair grows or the part closest to the flesh.
2.
complexionboth
The color and appearance of the skin.

أَبْشَارnoun

1.
skinsboth
Plural of 'basharah' (skin) or 'bashar' (humans).
2.
humanity (collective)classical
A plural form referring to mankind collectively.

بَشَرَverb

1.
to peel (leather)classical
To remove the outer layer of skin from leather, especially the part where hair grows.
2.
to scrape (leather)classical
To take the inner part of leather with a blade.

أَبْشَرَverb

1.
to reveal skinclassical
To expose or show the skin.
2.
to peel (leather)classical
To remove the outer layer of skin from leather.

بَشَرًاnoun

1.
peeling (of leather)classical
The act of peeling or scraping the surface of leather.
2.
trimming (mustache)classical
The act of trimming or shortening the mustache.

بَشَّرَverb

1.
to give good newsboth
To announce glad tidings or good news to someone.

بِشَارَةnoun

1.
good newsboth
The glad tidings or good news that has been announced.
2.
peeled part (of leather)classical
The part that has been peeled or scraped off from the inner side of leather.

مُبَشَّرadjective

1.
having revealed skinclassical
Describing leather whose inner skin has been exposed.
2.
well-formed, completeclassical
Describing a person (male or female) who is complete, perfect, and possesses a combination of gentleness and firmness, with knowledge of affairs.

مُؤَدَّم مُبَشَّرadjective

1.
complete, perfectclassical
A description of a person (male or female) who is fully developed and accomplished, combining inner softness with outer resilience and worldly wisdom.

مُؤَدَّمَة مُبَشِّرَةadjective

1.
complete, perfect (female)classical
A description of a woman who is fully developed and accomplished in all aspects.

أَبْشَرverb

1.
to reveal skinclassical
To expose or show the skin.

بَشَرَةnoun

1.
skin (of head)both
The skin of the head where hair grows.

أَبْشَرverb

1.
to peel leatherclassical
To remove the outer layer of skin from leather.

مُبْشَرadjective

1.
having revealed skinclassical
Describing leather whose inner skin has been exposed.

بَشَرnoun

1.
humansboth
The singular and plural form for human beings.

بَشَرnoun

1.
skin (of leather)classical
The outer surface of tanned leather.

Parallel reading

البشر: الخلق يقع على الأنثى والذكر والواحد والاثنين والجمع لا يثنى ولا يجمع؛ يقال: هي بشر وهو بشر وهما بشر وهم بشر.

Al-bashar: creation that applies to female and male, singular, dual, and plural; it is said: she is bashar, he is bashar, they are both bashar, and they are bashar.

ابن سيده: البشر الإنسان الواحد والجمع والمذكر والمؤنث في ذلك سواء، وقد يثنى.

Ibn Sidah said: Al-bashar is the single human, and the plural, masculine, and feminine are the same in this regard, and it may be dualized.

وفي التنزيل العزيز: أنؤمن لبشرين مثلنا ؟

And in the Noble Qur'an: Shall we believe in two humans like ourselves?

والجمع أبشار.

And the plural is abshar.

والبشرة: أعلى جلدة الرأس والوجه والجسد من الإنسان، وهي التي عليها الشعر، وقيل: هي التي تلي اللحم.

And al-basharah: the uppermost skin of the head, face, and body of a human, which is where the hair grows, and it is said: it is the one closest to the flesh.

وفي المثل: إنما يعاتب الأديم ذو البشرة؛ قال أبو حنيفة: معناه أن يعاد إلى الدباغ، يقول: إنما يعاتب من يرجى ومن له مسكة عقل، والجمع بشر.

And in the proverb: Only the one with skin is admonished. Abu Hanifa said: its meaning is to be returned to tanning, meaning: only one who is hoped for and has a modicum of intellect is admonished, and the plural is bashar.

ابن بزرج: والبشر جمع بشرة وهو ظاهر الجلد.

Ibn Buzurj said: And al-bashar is the plural of basharah, which is the outer skin.

الليث: البشرة أعلى جلدة الوجه والجسد من الإنسان، ويعنى به اللون والرقة، ومنه اشتقت مباشرة الرجل المرأة لتضام أبشارهما.

Al-Layth said: Al-basharah is the uppermost skin of the face and body of a human, referring to color and softness, and from this is derived the direct contact of a man with a woman so their skins touch.

والبشرة والبشر: ظاهر جلد الإنسان؛

And al-basharah and al-bashar: the outer skin of a human;

وفي الحديث: لم أبعث عمالي ليضربوا أبشاركم ؛

And in the Hadith: I did not send my agents to strike your skins;

وأما قوله: تدري فوق متنيها قرونا ... على بشر، وآنسه لباب قال ابن سيده: قد يكون جمع بشرة كشجرة وشجر وثمرة وثمر، وقد يجوز أن يكون أراد الهاء فحذفها كقول أبي ذؤيب:

As for his saying: 'She carries generations upon her back... on skin, and I sense its core.' Ibn Sidah said: it might be the plural of basharah like shajarah and shajar, and thamarah and thamar, and it is possible he intended the 'ha' and omitted it, like the saying of Abu Dhu'ayb:

قال: وجمعه أيضا أبشار، قال: وهو جمع الجمع.

He said: and its plural is also abshar, and he said: it is the plural of the plural.

والبشر: بشر الأديم.

And al-bashar: the skin of leather.

وبشر الأديم يبشره بشرا وأبشره: قشر بشرته التي ينبت عليها الشعر، وقيل: هو أن يأخذ باطنه بشفرة.

And bashara al-adeem, yabshuruhu basharan wa absharahu: to peel its skin where hair grows, and it is said: to take its inner part with a blade.

ابن بزرج: من العرب من يقول بشرت الأديم أبشره، بكسر الشين، إذا أخذت بشرته.

Ibn Buzurj said: Some Arabs say basheartu al-adeem abshiruhu, with a kasra on the shin, if you take its skin.

والبشارة: ما بشر منه.

And al-bisharah: what is peeled from it.

وأبشره؛ أظهر بشرته.

And absharahu; to reveal its skin.

وأبشرت الأديم، فهو مبشر إذا ظهرت بشرته التي تلي اللحم، وآدمته إذا أظهرت أدمته التي ينبت عليها الشعر.

And abshartu al-adeem, fa huwa mubsharun idha dhaharat basharatuhu allati tali al-lahm, wa aadamtuhu idha azh-hartu adamatahu allati yunbitu 'alayha al-sha'r.

اللحياني: البشارة ما قشرت من بطن الأديم، والتحلئ ما قشرت عن ظهره.

Al-Lihyani said: Al-bisharah is what you peel from the inner side of the leather, and al-tahliyah is what you peel from its outer side.

وفي حديث عبد الله: من أحب القرآن فليبشر أي فليفرح وليسر؛ أراد أن محبة القرآن دليل على محض الإيمان من بشر يبشر، بالفتح، ومن رواه بالضم، فهو من بشرت الأديم أبشره إذا أخذت باطنه بالشفرة، فيكون معناه فليضمر نفسه للقرآن فإن الاستكثار من الطعام ينسيه القرآن.

And in the narration of Abdullah: Whoever loves the Qur'an, let him be given good news (yubashshar), meaning let him rejoice and be pleased; he intended that love of the Qur'an is evidence of pure faith from bashara yubashshiru, with a fatha, and whoever narrates it with a damma, it is from bashartu al-adeem abshiruhu if you take its inner part with a blade, so the meaning would be: let him prepare himself for the Qur'an, for excessive eating makes one forget the Qur'an.

وفي حديث عبد الله بن عمرو: أمرنا أن نبشر الشوارب بشرا أي نحفها حتى تبين بشرتها، وهي ظاهر الجلد، وتجمع على أبشار.

And in the narration of Abdullah bin Amr: We were ordered to trim the mustaches with basharan, meaning to shorten them until their skin is visible, which is the outer skin, and it is pluralized as abshar.

أبو صفوان: يقال لظاهر جلدة الرأس الذي ينبت فيه الشعر البشرة والأدمة والشواة.

Abu Safwan said: The outer skin of the head where hair grows is called al-basharah, al-adamah, and al-shawatah.

الأصمعي: رجل مؤدم مبشر، وهو الذي قد جمع لينا وشدة مع المعرفة بالأمور، قال: وأصله من أدمة الجلد وبشرته، فالبشرة ظاهره، وهو منبت الشعر، والأدمة باطنه، وهو الذي يلي اللحم؛ قال والذي يراد منه أنه قد جمع بين لين الأدمة وخشونة البشرة وجرب الأمور.

Al-Asma'i said: A man mu'addam mubashshar, who has combined gentleness and firmness with knowledge of affairs. He said: Its origin is from the inner skin of the hide and its outer skin; the outer skin is its surface, where hair grows, and the inner skin is what is next to the flesh; he said, and what is intended by it is that he has combined the softness of the inner skin with the roughness of the outer skin and the experience of matters.

وفي الصحاح: فلان مؤدم مبشر إذا كان كاملا من الرجال، وامرأة مؤدمة مبشرة: تامة في كل وجه.

And in Al-Sihah: So-and-so is mu'addam mubashshar if he is a complete man, and a woman is mu'addamah mubashsharah: perfect in every aspect.