كيد

Root entry · 17 derived lemmas

The root كيد (kayd) primarily relates to the concepts of nearing, attempting, plotting, and deceiving. It encompasses actions of approaching a task, devising schemes, and engaging in trickery or cunning. The root also extends to meanings of striving, enduring hardship, and in some contexts, physical processes like vomiting or menstruation.

Derived headwords

كَادَverb

1.
to approach, be on the verge ofboth
To be close to doing something, to nearly accomplish an action. Often used with a following verb.
2.
to almost do (but didn't)both
Indicates that an action was nearly performed but ultimately did not happen. This is considered the standard meaning.
3.
to do (after difficulty)both
Indicates that an action was performed, but only after a significant delay or difficulty. This usage is noted as less standard but attested.
4.
to intend, to wantclassical
To desire or aim for something. This meaning is supported by poetic usage.

كاد يفعل كذا — He almost did such-and-such.

أكاد أخفيها — I can almost hide it. (meaning: I hide it)

لم يكد يراها — He could barely see it / He did not see it.

فذبحوها وما كادوا يفعلون — And they slaughtered it, and they could hardly do it (meaning: they did it after difficulty).

قد كاد فلان يهلك — So-and-so almost perished (meaning: he approached perishing but did not).

ما كاد فلان يقوم، فقد قام — So-and-so could hardly stand up, then he stood up (meaning: he stood up after a delay).

كَيْدnoun

1.
deception, trickeryboth
The act of plotting, scheming, or using cunning and deceit against someone.
2.
effort, strivingboth
Exertion, hard work, or intense effort, particularly in the context of struggle or war.
3.
vomitingclassical
The act of expelling stomach contents. Also referred to as 'al-kayd'.
4.
menstruationclassical
The monthly flow of blood from the uterus. Also referred to as 'al-kayd'.
5.
war, battleclassical
Conflict or engagement in fighting.

الكيد: الخبث والمكر — Deception: cunning and trickery.

إنهم يكيدون كيدا وأكيد كيدا — Indeed, they plot against you with a plot, and I am plotting with a plan.

غزا فلان فلم يلق كيدا — So-and-so went on a raid and encountered no war.

إذا بلع الصائم الكيد أفطر — If the fasting person swallows vomit, their fast is broken.

مَكَادَةnoun

1.
deception, trickeryboth
The act of plotting, scheming, or using cunning and deceit against someone. Similar to 'kayd'.

كاده مكيدة — He deceived him with a trick.

مُكَايَدَةnoun

1.
mutual deceptionboth
The act of plotting or scheming against each other; mutual trickery.

وكذلك المكايدة — And likewise, mutual scheming.

يَكِيدُverb

1.
to plot, to schemeboth
To devise a plan, often with malicious intent; to engage in trickery.
2.
to strive, to exert oneselfboth
To make a great effort or struggle.

يكيده يكيده كيدا ومكيدة — He plots against him with a plot and a scheme.

وهو يكيد بنفسه كيدا — And he is struggling with his life (meaning: dying).

تَكَايَدَverb

1.
to plot against each otherboth
To engage in mutual scheming or deception.

من كادهما يتكايدان — From when they plot against each other.

تَكَايُدnoun

1.
mutual plottingboth
The act of plotting or scheming against each other.

تكايد: تشدد — Takayud: to intensify.

كَادَتْverb

1.
to menstruateclassical
For a female to begin her menstrual period.

وكادت المرأة: حاضت — And the woman kadat: she menstruated.

أن نظر إلى جوار قد كدن في الطريق — That he looked at some young women who were menstruating on the road.

كَادَnoun

1.
vomitclassical
The substance expelled during vomiting.

إذا بلع الصائم الكيد أفطر — If the fasting person swallows vomit, their fast is broken.

كَيْدًاnoun

1.
a plot, a schemeboth
A specific instance of plotting or deception.

إنهم يكيدون كيدا وأكيد كيدا — Indeed, they plot against you with a plot, and I am plotting with a plan.

كَائِدًاadjective

1.
scheming, plottingclassical
One who is actively engaged in deception or plotting.

مُكَادٌother

1.
deceivedclassical
One who has been subjected to a plot or scheme.

أَكَادُverb

1.
I am on the verge ofboth
Expresses the speaker's proximity to an action or state.
2.
I can barelyboth
Indicates a very slight possibility or capability.

أكاد أخفيها — I can almost hide it.

يُكَادُverb

1.
he is on the verge ofboth
Indicates that someone is close to performing an action.
2.
he can barelyboth
Indicates a very slight possibility or capability for someone.

يكاد يقوم — He is about to stand up.

لم يكد يراها — He could barely see it.

تُكَادُverb

1.
she is on the verge ofboth
Indicates that a female is close to performing an action.
2.
she can barelyboth
Indicates a very slight possibility or capability for a female.

وتكاد تكسل أن تجيء فراشها — And she is almost too lazy to come to her bed.

كَادُother

1.
I almostclassical
A colloquial or dialectal form expressing 'I almost'.

لا والله ولا كيدا ولا هما — No, by God, not 'akadu' nor 'ahummu'.

كَيْدُnoun

1.
deceptionboth
The act or instance of plotting or trickery.

إنهم يكيدون كيدا وأكيد كيدا — Indeed, they plot against you with a plot, and I am plotting with a plan.

Parallel reading

كاد يفعل كذا كيدا: قارب.

He almost did such-and-such, nearing it.

لم يستعملوا الاسم والمصدر اللذين في موضعهما يفعل في كاد وعسى، يعني أنهم لا يقولون كاد فاعلا أو فعلا.

They did not use the noun and the masdar in their proper places for 'kada' and 'asa', meaning they do not say 'kadun fa'ilan' or 'kadun fi'lan'.

فأبت إلى فهم وما كدت آئبا، ... وكم مثلها فارقتها، وهي تصفر

So I returned to Fahm, and I was barely returning... and how many like her I left, and she was still young.

وما كنت آئبا ولم أك آئبا فلبعده عن ضبطه

And 'wa ma kuntu aa'iban' and 'wa lam ak aa'iban' are due to its distance from precise usage.

فأبت وما كدت أؤوب؛ فأما كنت فلا وجه لها في هذا الموضع، ولا أفعل ذلك ولا كيدا ولا هما.

So I returned and I was barely returning; as for 'kuntu', it has no valid meaning in this position, nor 'af'alu dhalika', nor 'kaydan', nor 'huma'.

وحكى سيبويه أن ناسا من العرب يقولون كيد زيد يفعل كذا؛

And Sibawayh narrated that some Arabs say 'kayda Zaydun yaf'alu kadha';

وكيد ضباع القف يأكلن جثتي، ... وكيد خراش يوم ذلك ييتم

And the cunning of the desert hyenas eating my carcass... and the cunning of Khurash on that day will make him an orphan.

وقد قالوا كدت تكاد فاعتلت من فعل يفعل، كما اعتلت مت تموت عن فعل يفعل

And they have said 'kidtu takadu', and it is derived from 'fa'ala yaf'alu', just as 'muta tamutu' is derived from 'fa'ala yaf'alu'.

أكاد أخفيها ؛ قال الأحفش: معناه أخفيها.

I can almost hide it; Al-Ahfash said: its meaning is 'I hide it'.

الكيد من المكيدة، وقد كاده مكيدة.

Al-kayd is from al-makaidah, and he deceived him with a makaidah.

والكيد: الخبث والمكر؛ كاده يكيده كيدا ومكيدة، وكذلك المكايدة.

And al-kayd: cunning and trickery; he plotted against him with a kayd and a makaidah, and likewise al-mukaidadah.

وفي حديث عمرو بن العاص: ما قولك في عقول كادها خالقها؟

And in the hadith of Amr ibn al-As: What is your opinion about minds that their Creator has devised for them?

تلك عقول كادها بارئها أي أرادها بسوء.

Those are minds that their Creator has devised for them, meaning He intended evil for them.

ويقال: كدت الرجل أكيده.

And it is said: I plotted against the man, I deceive him.

وهو يكيد بنفسه كيدا: يجود بها ويسوق سياقا.

And he struggles with his life, exerting himself and driving himself forward.

أن النبي، صلى الله عليه وسلم، دخل على سعد بن معاذ وهو يكيد بنفسه فقال: جزاك الله من سيد قوم فقد صدقت الله ما وعدته وهو صادقك ما وعدك

That the Prophet, peace be upon him, entered upon Sa'd ibn Mu'adh while he was struggling with his life, and said: May Allah reward you as a master of your people; you have indeed fulfilled your promise to Allah, and He is truthful in fulfilling His promise to you.

والكيد: السوق. وفي حديث عمر، رضي الله عنه: تخرج المرأة إلى أبيها يكيد بنفسه أي عند نزع روحه وموته.

And al-kayd: driving. And in the hadith of Umar, may Allah be pleased with him: The woman goes out to her father while he is struggling with his life, meaning at the point of his soul leaving and his death.

العرب تقول: ما كدت أبلغ إليك وأنت قد بلغت؛ قال: وهذا هو وجه العربية؛

The Arabs say: I almost reached you, and you had already arrived; he said: And this is the correct Arabic usage;

ومن العرب من يدخل كاد ويكاد في اليقين وهو بمنزلة الظن أصله الشك ثم يجعل يقينا.

And some Arabs use 'kada' and 'yakadu' in the sense of certainty, which is like conjecture, its origin being doubt, then it is made certainty.

لم يكد يراها ؛ حمل على المعنى وذلك أنه لا يراها

He could barely see it; it is interpreted according to the meaning, which is that he does not see it.

وذلك أنك إذا قلت كاد يفعل إنما تعني قارب الفعل، ولم يفعل على صحة الكلام، وهكذا معنى هذه الآية إلا أن اللغة قد أجازت لم يكد يفعل وقد فعل بعد شدة، وليس هذا صحة الكلام

And that is because when you say 'kada yaf'alu', you mean he approached the action, and did not do it, according to correct speech. And thus is the meaning of this verse, except that the language has permitted 'lam yakad yaf'alu' and 'qad fa'ala' after hardship, and this is not the correctness of speech.

وإذا قال لم يكد يفعل يقول لم يقارب الفعل إلا أن اللغة جاءت على ما فسر، قال: وليس هو على صحة الكلمة.

And when he says 'lam yakad yaf'alu', he means he did not approach the action, except that the language has come as explained. He said: And it is not according to the correctness of the word.

كلما أخرج يده لم يكد يراها من شدة الظلمة لأن أقل من هذه الظلمة لا ترى اليد فيه، وأما لم يكد يقوم فقد قام، هذا أكثر اللغة.

Whenever he put out his hand, he could barely see it due to the intensity of the darkness, because even less than this darkness makes the hand invisible. As for 'lam yakad yaqum faqad qama', this is the most common usage.

كدت أفعل معناه عند العرب قاربت الفعل، ولم أفعل وما كدت أفعل معناه فعلت بعد إبطاء.

'Kidtu af'alu' means among the Arabs 'I approached the action, and did not do it', and 'wa ma kidtu af'alu' means 'I did it after a delay'.

فذبحوها وما كادوا يفعلون ؛ معناه فعلوا بعد إبطاء لتعذر وجدان البقرة عليهم.

And they slaughtered it, and they could hardly do it; meaning they did it after a delay due to the difficulty they had in finding the cow.

وقد يكون: ما كدت أفعل بمعنى ما فعلت ولا قاربت إذا أكد الكلام بأكاد.

And it may be: 'ma kidtu af'alu' meaning 'I did not do it, nor did I approach it' if the speech is emphasized with 'akadu'.

قد كاد فلان يهلك؛ معناه قد قارب الهلاك ولم يهلك، فإذا قلت ما كاد فلان يقوم، فمعناه قام بعد إبطاء؛ وكذلك كاد يقوم معناه قارب القيام ولم يقم؛ قال: وهذا وجه الكلام، ثم قال: وتكون كاد صلة للكلام، أجاز ذلك الأخفش وقطرب وأبو حاتم؛

'So-and-so has almost perished'; its meaning is 'he approached perishing but did not perish'. If you say 'So-and-so could hardly stand up', its meaning is 'he stood up after a delay'; likewise 'kada yaqumu' means 'he approached standing but did not stand up'. He said: And this is the correct usage. Then he said: And 'kada' can be an emphatic particle, permitted by Al-Ahfash, Qutrub, and Abu Hatim;

سريع إلى الهيجاء شاك سلاحه، ... فما إن يكاد قرنه يتنفس

Quick to the fray, his weapon armed... and his adversary can hardly breathe.

وتكاد تكسل أن تجيء فراشها معناه وتكسل.

And she is almost too lazy to come to her bed, meaning 'and she is lazy'.

لم يكد يراها ؛ معناه لم يرها ولم يقارب ذلك؛

He could barely see it; meaning he did not see it, nor did he approach that;

وقال بعضهم: رآها من بعد أن لم يكد يراها من شدة الظلمة؛

And some of them said: He saw her after he could barely see her due to the intensity of the darkness;

لقيت لبته السنان فكبه ... مني تكايد طعنة وتأيد

The spearhead met his chest and threw him down... from me, a thrust intensifying and strengthening.

وكادت المرأة: حاضت؛ ومنه حديث ابن عباس: أنه نظر إلى جوار قد كدن في الطريق فأمر أن يتنحين ؛ معناه حضن في الطريق.

And the woman 'kadat': she menstruated; and from it is the hadith of Ibn Abbas: that he looked at some young women who were menstruating on the road and ordered them to move aside; meaning they were menstruating on the road.

ويقال: كادت تكيد كيدا إذا حاضت.

And it is said: 'kadat takidu kaydan' if she menstruated.

وكاد الرجل: قاء. والكيد: القيء؛

And 'kada' the man: he vomited. And al-kayd: vomit;

إذا بلع الصائم الكيد أفطر ؛ قال ابن سيده: حكاه الهروي في الغريبين.

If the fasting person swallows vomit, their fast is broken; Ibn Saydah said: Al-Harawi narrated it in Al-Gharibayn.

والكيد: إخراج الزند النار.

And al-kayd: striking fire from flint.

والكيد: التدبير بباطل أو حق.

And al-kayd: planning, whether falsely or truly.

والكيد: الحيض.

And al-kayd: menstruation.

والكيد: الحرب. ويقال: غزا فلان فلم يلق كيدا.

And al-kayd: war. And it is said: So-and-so went on a raid and encountered no war.

أن رسول الله، صلى الله عليه وسلم، غزا غزوة كذا فرجع ولم يلق كيدا أي حربا.

That the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, went on such-and-such a raid and returned without encountering any war.

أن عليهم عارية السلاح إن كان باليمن كيد ذات غدر أي حرب ولذلك أنثها.

That they owe the loan of weapons if there is in Yemen a war of treachery, meaning war, and that is why it is feminine.

يقال من كادهما يتكايدان وأصحاب النحو يقولون يتكاودان وهو خطأ لأنهم يقولون إذا حمل أحدهم على ما يكره: لا والله ولا كيدا ولا هما؛ يريد لا أكاد ولا أهم.

It is said 'min kadahuma yatakayadan', and the grammarians say 'yatakawadan', which is an error, because they say when one is forced to do what he dislikes: 'No, by Allah, not 'akadu' nor 'ahummu'; meaning 'not 'akadu' nor 'ahummu'.

كان في الأصل كيد يكيد.

It was originally 'kayda yakidu'.

إنهم يكيدون كيدا وأكيد كيدا ؛ قال الزجاج: يعني به الكفار، إنهم يخاتلون النبي، صلى الله عليه وسلم، ويظهرون ما هم على خلافه؛ وأكيد كيدا؛ قال: كيد الله تعالى لهم استدراجهم من حيث لا يعلمون.

Indeed, they plot against you with a plot, and I am plotting with a plan; Al-Zajjaj said: It means the disbelievers, they are deceiving the Prophet, peace be upon him, and showing what is contrary to their hearts; and 'I am plotting with a plan'; he said: Allah's plan for them is His leading them on from whence they know not.

ويقال: فلان يكيد أمرا ما أدري ما هو إذا كان يريغه ويحتال له ويسعى له ويختله.

And it is said: So-and-so is plotting something, I don't know what it is, if he is devising it, strategizing for it, striving for it, and deceiving for it.

بلغوا الأمر الذي كادوا، يريد: طلبوا أو أرادوا؛

They reached the matter which they intended, meaning: they sought or wanted;

فإن تجمع أوتاد وأعمدة ... وساكن، بلغوا الأمر الذي كادوا

So if you gather posts and pillars... and inhabitants, they reached the matter which they intended.

كادت وكدت، وتلك خير إرادة، ... لو كان من لهو الصبابة ما مضى

She intended and I intended, and that is the best intention... if only what has passed of the play of passion were still here.

ويحتمله قوله تعالى: لم يكد يراها ، لأن الذي عاين من الظلمات آيسه من التأمل ليده والإبصار إليها.

And the saying of Allah the Almighty: 'He could barely see it' is compatible with this, because what he witnessed of the darkness made him despair of contemplating his hand and seeing it.

ويراها بمعنى أن يراها فلما أسقط أن رفع كقوله تعالى: تأمروني أعبد؛ معناه أن أعبد.

And 'yuraha' means 'an yaraha', so when 'an' is omitted, it is raised, like the saying of Allah the Almighty: 'You command me that I worship'; meaning 'that I worship'.