حدد

Root entry · 28 derived lemmas

This root primarily concerns the concept of setting boundaries, limits, or definitions. It extends to meanings of sharpness, intensity, and determination, as well as actions related to restricting, preventing, or mourning.

Derived headwords

الحَدَّةnoun

1.
sharpnessboth
Refers to a keen edge or a sharp quality, often associated with intellect or temperament.
2.
groupclassical
A company or a group of people.

تَحَدَّدَverb

1.
to provokeclassical
To harass or provoke someone.

تحدد بهم أي تحرش بهم — He provoked them, meaning he harassed them.

حَدَدٌadjective

1.
vainclassical
A vain or false matter.

ودعوة حدد أي باطلة — And a vain دعوة, meaning false.

الحَدَّادnoun

1.
mourning clothesclassical
Black garments worn during periods of mourning.
2.
doorkeeperclassical
One who guards a door, preventing entry.
3.
seaclassical
The sea.

والحداد: ثياب المآتم السود — And al-ḥiddād: black mourning clothes.

لأنها قد منعت من ذلك، ومنه قيل للبواب: حداد لأنه يمنع الناس من الدخول — because she was prevented from that, and from this the doorkeeper is called ḥaddād because he prevents people from entering.

والحداد: البحر — And al-ḥiddād: the sea.

الحَادّadjective

1.
abstaining from adornmentclassical
A woman who refrains from beautification and perfumes, especially after her husband's death.

والحاد والمحد من النساء: التي تترك الزينة والطيب — And al-ḥādd and al-maḥadd among women: she who abandons adornment and perfume.

المَحَدّadjective

1.
abstaining from adornmentclassical
A woman who refrains from beautification and perfumes, especially after her husband's death.

والحاد والمحد من النساء: التي تترك الزينة والطيب — And al-ḥādd and al-maḥadd among women: she who abandons adornment and perfume.

حَدَتْverb

1.
to mournclassical
To observe mourning, specifically for a deceased husband.

حدت تحد وتحد حدا وحدادا، وهو تسلبها على زوجها — ḥadat she mourned and taḥaddadat and taḥaddada and ḥadādā, which is her abstaining from adornment for her husband.

تَحَدَّدَverb

1.
to mournclassical
To observe mourning, specifically for a deceased husband.

حَدَاداًnoun

1.
mourningclassical
The act of abstaining from adornment and beautification as a sign of grief for a deceased husband.

أَحَدَّتْverb

1.
to mournclassical
To observe mourning, specifically for a deceased husband.

وأبى الأصمعي إلا أحدت تحد، وهي محد، ولم يعرف حدت — And Al-Aṣmaʿī insisted only on 'aḥdathat taḥaddu', and she is 'muḥiddah', and he did not recognize 'ḥadat'.

مُحِدٌّadjective

1.
mourningclassical
A woman who is observing mourning.

الإِحْدَادnoun

1.
mourningclassical
The act of abstaining from adornment and beautification as a sign of grief for a deceased husband.

والإحداد: تركها ذلك — And al-iḥdād: her abandonment of that.

قال أبو عبيد: وإحداد المرأة على زوجها ترك الزينة — Abū ʿUbayd said: And a woman's iḥdād for her husband is abandoning adornment.

حَدَّverb

1.
to set a limitboth
To establish a boundary or limit between oneself and another.
2.
to strikeclassical
To strike someone.
3.
to divertclassical
To turn someone away from something they intended.

حد الرجل إذا جعل بينه وبين صاحبه حدا — A man's ḥadda means he set a limit between himself and his companion.

وحده يحده إذا ضربه الحد — and waḥaddahu means he struck him with the limit (or boundary).

وحده يحده إذا صرفه عن أمر أراده — and waḥaddahu means he diverted him from a matter he intended.

حَدٌّnoun

1.
limitboth
A boundary, a limit, or a defined extent.
2.
sharpnessboth
Sharpness, often referring to the edge of a blade.

فعل فتى رشيد — ...with a sword of sharp edge, an act of a righteous young man.

أَحَدَّverb

1.
to be hastyclassical
To be seized by haste and recklessness.

ومعنى حد يحد: أنه أخذته عجلة وطيش — And the meaning of ḥadda yaḥuddu: is that haste and recklessness seized him.

أَحْدَاؤُهَاnoun

1.
hasty onesclassical
The most impetuous or quick-tempered ones.

خيار أمتي أحداؤها — The best of my community are its hasty ones.

حَدَّدَverb

1.
to aim forclassical
To intend or aim for specific boundaries or limits.

ويقال: حدد فلان بلدا أي قصد حدوده — And it is said: Faulān ḥaddada a land, meaning he aimed for its borders.

مُحَدِّدِينَparticiple

1.
aiming forclassical
Those who are aiming for or approaching.

محددين لبرق صاب من خلل — aiming for lightning that struck from the gaps.

حَدَدًاparticle

1.
certainly notclassical
An expression of strong negation, similar to 'God forbid'.

حددا أن يكون كذا كقوله معاذ الله — ḥadadan an yakūna kadhā, like his saying 'maʿādha Allāh' (God forbid).

أبو الحديدname

1.
Abu al-Ḥadīdclassical
A name of a man from the Khawarij sect.

وأبو الحديد: رجل من الحرورية قتل امرأة من الإجماعيين — And Abū al-Ḥadīd: a man from the Ḥarūriyya who killed a woman from the Ijma'iyyin.

أم الحديدname

1.
Umm al-Ḥadīdclassical
A woman's name.

وأم الحديد: امرأة كهدل الراجز — And Umm al-Ḥadīd: a woman like Kaḥdal the poet.

حَدٌّnoun

1.
sharp edgeboth
The sharp edge of a blade.

صقيل الحد — sharp of edge.

حَدٌّplace name

1.
Ḥuddclassical
A place name.

وحد: موضع، حكاه ابن الأعرابي — And Ḥudd: a place, narrated by Ibn al-Aʿrābī.

حَدَّانname

1.
Ḥaddānclassical
A tribe from the Azd.

وحدان: حي من الأزد — And Ḥuddān: a tribe from the Azd.

بنو حدانname

1.
Banu Ḥaddānclassical
A lineage or clan.

بنو حدادname

1.
Banu Ḥaddādclassical
A clan or lineage.

الحُدَاءname

1.
Al-Ḥudāʾclassical
A tribe.
2.
name of a manclassical
Possibly the name of a man.

والحداء: قبيلة — And Al-Ḥudāʾ: a tribe.

وقيل: الحداء هنا اسم رجل — And it is said: Al-Ḥudāʾ here is the name of a man.

حَدْحَدٌadjective

1.
short and stoutclassical
A man who is short and thickset.

ورجل حدحد: قصير غليظ — And a man ḥadḥad: short and stout.

Parallel reading

وقال أبو زيد: تحدد بهم أي تحرش بهم.

And Abū Zayd said: taḥaddada bihim, meaning he harassed them.

ودعوة حدد أي باطلة.

And a vain دعوة, meaning false.

والحداد: ثياب المآتم السود.

And al-ḥiddād: black mourning clothes.

والحاد والمحد من النساء: التي تترك الزينة والطيب؛

And al-ḥādd and al-maḥadd among women: she who abandons adornment and perfume;

وقال ابن دريد: هي المرأة التي تترك الزينة والطيب بعد زوجها للعدة.

And Ibn Durayd said: she is the woman who abandons adornment and perfume after her husband for the waiting period.

حدت تحد وتحد حدا وحدادا، وهو تسلبها على زوجها، وأحدت، وأبى الأصمعي إلا أحدت تحد، وهي محد، ولم يعرف حدت؛

ḥadat she mourned and taḥaddadat and taḥaddada and ḥadādā, which is her abstaining from adornment for her husband, and 'aḥdathat. And Al-Aṣmaʿī insisted only on 'aḥdathat taḥaddu', and she is 'muḥiddah', and he did not recognize 'ḥadat';

والحداد: تركها ذلك.

And al-iḥdād: her abandonment of that.

لا تحد المرأة فوق ثلاث ولا تحد إلا على زوج.

A woman shall not mourn for more than three days, and shall not mourn except for her husband.

لا يحل لأحد أن يحد على ميت أكثر من ثلاثة أيام إلا المرأة على زوجها فإنها تحد أربعة أشهر وعشرا.

It is not permissible for anyone to mourn a deceased person for more than three days, except for a woman mourning her husband, for she mourns for four months and ten days.

وإحداد المرأة على زوجها ترك الزينة؛

And a woman's iḥdād for her husband is abandoning adornment;

وقيل: هو إذا حزنت عليه ولبست ثياب الحزن وتركت الزينة والخضاب؛

And it is said: it is when she grieves for him, wears mourning clothes, and abandons adornment and dyeing (her hair/hands).

وإنه مأخوذ من المنع لأنها قد منعت من ذلك، ومنه قيل للبواب: حداد لأنه يمنع الناس من الدخول.

And we believe it is derived from 'prevention' because she is prevented from that, and from this the doorkeeper is called ḥaddād because he prevents people from entering.

حد الرجل يحد حدا إذا جعل بينه وبين صاحبه حدا،

A man's ḥadda means he set a limit between himself and his companion,

وحده يحده إذا ضربه الحد

and waḥaddahu means he struck him with the limit (or boundary).

وحده يحده إذا صرفه عن أمر أراده.

and waḥaddahu means he diverted him from a matter he intended.

ومعنى حد يحد: أنه أخذته عجلة وطيش.

And the meaning of ḥadda yaḥuddu: is that haste and recklessness seized him.

خيار أمتي أحداؤها ؛

The best of my community are its hasty ones;

هو جمع حديد كشديد وأشداء.

it is the plural of ḥadīd, like shadīd and ashdād.

ويقال: حدد فلان بلدا أي قصد حدوده؛

And it is said: Faulān ḥaddada a land, meaning he aimed for its borders;

محددs لبرق صاب من خلل، ... وبالقرية رادوه برداد أي قاصدين.

aiming for lightning that struck from the gaps, ... and towards the village they returned, meaning intending.

ويقال: حددا أن يكون كذا كقوله معاذ الله؛

And it is said: ḥadadan an yakūna kadhā, like his saying 'maʿādha Allāh' (God forbid);

حددا أن يكون سيبك فينا ... وتحا، أو مجبنا ممصورا أي حراما كما تقول: معاذ الله قد حدد الله ذلك عنا.

ḥadadan an yakūna saybuka fīnā... wa taḥā, or majbūnan maṣrūran, meaning forbidden, just as you say: 'God forbid, God has forbidden that from us'.

والحداد: البحر، وقيل: نهر بعينه،

And al-ḥiddād: the sea, and it is said: a specific river,

ولم يكون على الحداد يملكه، ... لم يسق ذا غلة من مائه الجاري

And it was not on the sea that he owned it, ... it did not water that which had a yield from its flowing water.

وأبو الحديد: رجل من الحرورية قتل امرأة من الإجماعيين كانت الخوارج قد سبتها فغالوا بها لحسنها،

And Abū al-Ḥadīd: a man from the Ḥarūriyya who killed a woman from the Ijma'iyyin whom the Khawarij had captured and were vying over due to her beauty,

فلما رأى أبو الحديد مغالاتهم بها خاف أن يتفاقم الأمر بينهم فوثب عليها فقتلها؛

When Abū al-Ḥadīd saw their vying over her, he feared the matter would escalate among them, so he leaped upon her and killed her;

ففي ذلك يقول بعض الحرورية يذكرها: أهاب المسلمون بها وقالوا، ... على فرط الهوى: هل من مزيد؟ فزاد أبو الحديد بنصل سيف ... صقيل الحد، فعل فتى رشيد

And concerning that, some of the Ḥarūriyya said, remembering her: The Muslims were awed by her and said, ... out of excessive desire: Is there more? So Abū al-Ḥadīd added with the edge of a sword ... sharp of edge, an act of a righteous young man.

وأم الحديد: امرأة كهدل الراجز؛

And Umm al-Ḥadīd: a woman like Kaḥdal the poet;

قد طردت أم الحديد كهدلا، ... وابتدر الباب فكان الأولا،

Umm al-Ḥadīd chased Kaḥdal away, ... and she rushed to the door and was the first,

شل السعالي الأبلق المحجلا، ... يا رب لا ترجع إليها طفيلا،

May the jinn afflict the white-legged one, ... O Lord, do not return her as a parasite,

وابعث له يا رب عنا شغلا، ... وسواس جن أو سلالا مدخلا،

And send him, O Lord, a distraction from us, ... whispers of jinn or a penetrating illness,

وجربا قشرا وجوعا أطحلا

and scabby mange and hunger that affects the spleen.

طفيل: صغير، صغره وجعله كالطفل في صورته وضعفه، وأراد طفيلا، فلم يستقم له الشعر فعدل إلى بناء حثيل، وهو يريد ما ذكرنا من التصغير.

Ṭufayl: small, he made it small and like a child in its form and weakness, and he intended 'ṭufaylan', but the meter did not work, so he resorted to the pattern 'ḥuthayl', and he means what we mentioned of diminutiveness.

والأطحل: الذي يأخذه منه الطحل، وهو وجع الطحال.

And al-aṭḥal: he who is afflicted by al-ṭaḥal, which is spleen pain.

وحد: موضع، حكاه ابن الأعرابي؛

And Ḥudd: a place, narrated by Ibn al-Aʿrābī;

فلو أنها كانت لقاحي كثيرة، ... لقد نهلت من ماء حد وعلت

If she had been many of my she-camels, ... she would have drunk from the water of Ḥudd and become satiated.

وحدان: حي من الأزد؛

And Ḥuddān: a tribe from the Azd;

وقال ابن دريد: الحدان حي من الأزد فأدخل عليه اللام؛

And Ibn Durayd said: Al-Ḥiddān is a tribe from the Azd, so he added the 'lām' to it;

حدان قبيلة في اليمن.

Ḥuddān is a tribe in Yemen.

وبنو حدان، بالضم «2»: من بني سعد.

And Banu Ḥaddān, with dammah: from Banu Saʿd.

وبنو حداد: بطن من طي.

And Banu Ḥaddād: a clan of Tayy.

والحداء: قبيلة؛

And Al-Ḥudāʾ: a tribe;

ليس منا المضربون، ولا قيس، ... ولا جندل، ولا الحداء

Not among us are the strikers, nor Qays, ... nor Jandala, nor Al-Ḥudāʾ.

وقيل: الحداء هنا اسم رجل،

And it is said: Al-Ḥudāʾ here is the name of a man,

ويحتمل الحداء أن يكون فعالا من حدأ، فإذا كان ذلك فبابه غير هذا.

And Al-Ḥudāʾ could be 'fāʿāl' from ḥadaʾa, and if that is the case, its pattern is different from this.

ورجل حدحد: قصير غليظ.

And a man ḥadḥad: short and stout.