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ثوب

Root entry · 9 derived lemmas

The root ثوب (thawb) primarily relates to clothing and garments, but extends metaphorically to encompass qualities, states, and the act of returning or repeating. It also signifies the call to prayer and voluntary prayer after a fard prayer.

Derived headwords

ثَوْبnoun
  1. 1.
    garmentboth

    A piece of clothing, an outfit, or a robe.

  2. 2.
    qualityclassical

    A characteristic, trait, or disposition, whether good or bad.

  3. 3.
    stateclassical

    A condition or situation.

ما أحسن ثيابه — How beautiful are his clothes
ثِيَابnoun
  1. 1.
    clothesboth

    Plural of garment; clothing in general.

ثَوْبَيْ زُورnoun
  1. 1.
    garments of falsehoodclassical

    Metaphorically refers to two falsehoods: falsely attributing qualities to oneself or falsely claiming to have received something, and lying about the giver (God or people).

وأراد بثوبي زور هذين الحالين اللذين ارتكبهما — And by these two garments of falsehood, he meant these two states which he committed
تَشَبَّعَverb
  1. 1.
    to pretend to haveclassical

    To claim to possess or have received something that one does not actually have.

إن المتشبع بما لم يعط هو الذي يقول أعطيت كذا لشيء لم يعطه — Indeed, the one who pretends to have what he has not been given is he who says 'I was given such-and-such for something he was not given'
تَثْوِيبnoun
  1. 1.
    calling to prayerboth

    The act of calling to prayer, especially the repetition of the call or a specific phrase within it.

  2. 2.
    voluntary prayerclassical

    Performing a voluntary prayer after the obligatory (fard) prayer.

  3. 3.
    repetition of a callclassical

    Repeating a call or invitation, often to encourage action.

ويقال: ثوب الداعي تثويبا إذا عاد مرة بعد أخرى — And it is said: The caller calls with 'tathweeb' if he returns time after time
التثويب: هو الدعاء للصلاة وغيرها، وأصله أن الرجل إذا جاء مستصرخا لوح بثوبه ليرى ويشتهر، فكان ذلك كالدعاء، فسمي الدعاء تثويبا لذلك — Tathweeb: It is the call to prayer and other things, and its origin is that when a man comes crying for help, he waves his garment so that he may be seen and become known, and that was like a call, so the call was named tathweeb for that reason
ثَوَّبَverb
  1. 1.
    to call repeatedlyclassical

    To call or summon again and again, to repeat a call.

  2. 2.
    to perform voluntary prayerclassical

    To offer a voluntary prayer after an obligatory one.

ويقال: ثوب الداعي تثويبا إذا عاد مرة بعد أخرى — And it is said: The caller calls with 'tathweeb' if he returns time after time
إذا ثوب بالصلاة فأتوها وعليكم السكينة والوقار — If the prayer is called (for the second time or voluntarily), then come to it with tranquility and dignity
ثَابَverb
  1. 1.
    to returnboth

    To come back, to revert, to return to a place or state.

فهو رجوع إلى الأمر بالمبادرة إلى الصلاة — It is a return to the command to hasten to prayer
مُثَوِّبnoun
  1. 1.
    callerclassical

    One who calls, especially one who calls to prayer or summons.

وكل داع مثوب — And every caller is a 'muthawwib'
أَثُوبُverb
  1. 1.
    to repeat the callclassical

    To repeat the call to prayer, specifically the phrase 'Prayer is better than sleep'.

أن لا أثوب في شيء من الصلاة، إلا في صلاة الفجر — That I should not repeat the call in any prayer, except in the dawn prayer

Parallel reading

فإن احتاجوا إلى شهادة شهد لهم بزور، فيمضون شهادته بثوبيه
If they need testimony, he testifies for them with falsehood, and they proceed with his testimony, which is like two garments of falsehood.
فيمضون شهادته بثوبيه، فيقولون: ما أحسن ثيابه، وما أحسن هيئته، فيجيزون شهادته لذلك.
And they proceed with his testimony, which is like two garments of falsehood, saying: 'How beautiful are his clothes, and how beautiful is his appearance,' and they approve his testimony for that reason.
قال: والأحسن أن يقال فيه إن المتشبع بما لم يعط هو الذي يقول أعطيت كذا لشيء لم يعطه
He said: And the best is to say about him that the one who pretends to have what he has not been given is he who says 'I was given such-and-such for something he was not given'
فأما أنه يتصف بصفات ليست فيه، يريد أن الله تعالى منحه إياها، أو يريد أن بعض الناس وصله بشيء خصه به، فيكون بهذا القول قد جمع بين كذبين
As for him attributing to himself qualities he does not possess, intending that God Almighty bestowed them upon him, or intending that some people have favored him with something specific, then by this statement he has combined two falsehoods.
والآخر الكذب على المعطي، وهو الله، أو الناس.
And the other is lying about the giver, whether it is God or people.
وقد سبق أن الثوب يطلق على الصفة المحمودة والمذمومة، وحينئذ يصح التشبيه في التثنية لأنه شبه اثنين باثنين، والله أعلم.
And it has preceded that the garment (thawb) is used for a praiseworthy and a blameworthy quality, and then the simile in the dual becomes correct because he likened two to two, and God knows best.
ويقال: ثوب الداعي تثويبا إذا عاد مرة بعد أخرى.
And it is said: The caller calls with 'tathweeb' if he returns time after time.
ومن ذلك تثويب المؤذن إذا نادى بالأذان للناس إلى الصلاة ثم نادى بعد التأذين، فقال: الصلاة، رحمكم الله، الصلاة، يدعو إليها عودا بعد بدء.
And from that is the 'tathweeb' of the muezzin when he calls the adhan for people to prayer, then calls again after the initial call, saying: 'Prayer, may God have mercy on you, Prayer,' calling to it returning after starting.
والتثويب: هو الدعاء للصلاة وغيرها، وأصله أن الرجل إذا جاء مستصرخا لوح بثوبه ليرى ويشتهر، فكان ذلك كالدعاء، فسمي الدعاء تثويبا لذلك، وكل داع مثوب.
And 'tathweeb': It is the call to prayer and other things, and its origin is that when a man comes crying for help, he waves his garment so that he may be seen and become known, and that was like a call, so the call was named 'tathweeb' for that reason, and every caller is a 'muthawwib'.
وقيل: إنما سمي الدعاء تثويبا من ثاب يثوب إذا رجع، فهو رجوع إلى الأمر بالمبادرة إلى الصلاة، فإن المؤذن إذا قال: حي على الصلاة، فقد دعاهم إليها، فإذا قال بعد ذلك: الصلاة خير من النوم، فقد رجع إلى كلام معناه المبادرة إليها.
And it is said: The call is named 'tathweeb' from 'thaba yathoobu' if he returns, so it is a return to the command to hasten to prayer, for if the muezzin says: 'Come to prayer,' he has called them to it, and if he then says: 'Prayer is better than sleep,' he has returned to words meaning hastening to it.
وفي حديث بلال: أمرني رسول الله، صلى الله عليه وسلم، أن لا أثوب في شيء من الصلاة، إلا في صلاة الفجر ، وهو قوله: الصلاة خير من النوم، مرتين.
And in the hadith of Bilal: The Messenger of God, peace be upon him, commanded me not to repeat the call ('athoob') in any prayer, except in the dawn prayer, which is his saying: 'Prayer is better than sleep,' twice.
وقيل: التثويب تثنية الدعاء.
And it is said: 'Tathweeb' is the repetition of the call.
وقيل: التثويب في أذان الفجر أن يقول المؤذن بعد قوله حي على الفلاح: الصلاة خير من النوم، يقولها مرتين، كما يثوب بين الأذانين: الصلاة، رحمكم الله، الصلاة.
And it is said: 'Tathweeb' in the dawn adhan is for the muezzin to say after his saying 'Come to success': 'Prayer is better than sleep,' saying it twice, just as he repeats between the two adhans: 'Prayer, may God have mercy on you, Prayer'.
وقيل: التثويب الصلاة بعد الفريضة.
And it is said: 'Tathweeb' is the prayer after the obligatory prayer.
يقال: تثوبت أي تطوعت بعد المكتوبة، ولا يكون التثويب إلا بعد المكتوبة، وهو العود للصلاة بعد الصلاة.
It is said: 'Tathawwaba' means to perform voluntary prayer after the obligatory one, and 'tathweeb' only occurs after the obligatory prayer, and it is the return to prayer after prayer.
وفي الحديث: إذا ثوب بالصلاة فأتوها وعليكم السكينة والوقار.
And in the hadith: If the prayer is called ('thawwiba' - i.e., announced for the second time or voluntarily), then come to it with tranquility and dignity.
قال ابن الأثير: التثويب هاهنا إقامة الصلاة.
Ibn al-Athir said: 'Tathweeb' here means the establishment of the prayer.