سوم

1 سَوْمٌ ذ , inf. n. of سَامَ, primarily signifies The going, or going away, engaged, or occupied, in seeking, or in seeking for or after, or in seeking to find and take or to get, a thing: and sometimes it is used as meaning the going, or going away; as when it is said of camels [or the like]: and sometimes, as meaning the seeking, or seeking for or after, or seeking to find and take or to get; as when it relates to selling or buying. (Er-Rághib, TA.) ― -b2- You say, سَامَتِ المَاشِيَةُ (S, Mgh, Msb, TA) or النَّعَمُ (M) or المَالُ, (K,) aor. تَسُومُ, (S, M, Msb,) inf. n. سَوْمٌ, (S, M, Mgh, Msb,) The cattle pastured (S, M, Mgh, Msb, K, TA) by themselves (Msb) where they pleased; and in like manner, الغَنَمُ [ the sheep or goats ]: or went away at random, or roved, pasturing where they pleased. (TA.) ― -b3- [Hence, سام, inf n as above, He did as he pleased. ] You say, خَلَّيْتُهُ وَسَوْمَهُ I left him to do as he pleased. (S, M, K * [In the CK, خَلّاهُ وَسَوَّمَهُ لِمَايُرِيدُهُ is put for خَلَّاهُ وَسَوْمَهُ لِمَا يُرِيدُهُ; and the like is done in one of my copies of the S. See also 2.]) ― -b4- And سَامَ, (S,) or سَامَتِ الاـِبِلُ, and الرِّيحُ, (M, K,) or الرِّيَاحُ, (S,) inf. n. as above, (S, M,) He, or it, (S,) or the camels, and the wind, (M, K,) or the winds, (S,) passed, went, or went on or along: (S, M, K:) or سَوْمٌ signifies the passing, &c., quickly; one says of a she camel, سَامَت, aor. and inf. n. as above, she passed, &c., quickly; (As, TA;) and hence the saying of Dhu-l-Bijádeyn cited in art. عرض, voce تَعَرَّضَ: or the passing, &c., quickly, with the desire of making a sound in going along. (TA.) ― -b5- And سَامَتِ الطَّيْرُ عَلَى الشَّىْءِ, (M, K,) aor. and inf. n. as above, (M,) The birds went, [or hovered, ] or circled, round about the thing: (M, K:) or, as some say, سَوْمٌ signifies any going, [or hovering, ] or circling, round about. (M.) -A2- [As mentioned in the first sentence of this art.,] سَوْمٌ is also in selling and buying. (S.) You say, سام السِّلْعَةَ, (Mgh, Msb,) aor. and inf. n. as above, (Msb,) He (the seller) offered the commodity, or article of merchandise, (Mgh, Msb:) and it is also said of the purchaser, like ↓ اِسْتَامَهَا, (Mgh, Msb,) meaning he sought to obtain the sale of the commodity, or article of merchandise: and one says also of the seller, and of the purchaser, سام بِالسِّلْعَةِ, meaning he mentioned the price of the commodity [ in offering it for sale, and in offering to purchase it ]: (Msb:) and in like manner, سُمْتُ فُلَانًا سِلْعَتِى, inf. n. as above, I said to such a one, “ Wilt thou take [or purchase ] my commodity for such a price? ” (TA:) and سَامَنِى بِسِلْعَتِهِ he (the seller, Msb) mentioned to me the price of his commodity [ in offering it for sale ]: (Msb, TA:) [and, agreeably with these explanations,] Kr says that السَّوْمُ signifies العَرْضُ [i. e. the act of offering, &c.]: (M, TA:) or سُمْتُ بِالسِّلْعَةِ, inf. n. سَوْمٌ (M, K) and سُوَامٌ, with damm; (K, TK; [in the former only said to be syn. with سَوْمٌ in selling and buying;]) and ↓ سَاوَمْتُ, (M, K,) inf. n. سِوَامٌ; (TA;) and بِهَا ↓ اِسْتَمْتُ and عَلَيْهَا; signify غَالَيْتُ [which means I offered the commodity for sale, mentioning its price, and was exorbitant in my demand: and also I purchased the commodity for a dear, or an excessive, price: and both these meanings are app. here intended]: (M, K, TA:) and in like manner, السِّلْعَةَ ↓ اِسْتَمْتُهُ [ I offered to him the commodity for sale, &c.: and I purchased of him the commodity, &c.]: (TA:) or, as some say, (so in the TA, but in the M and K “ and, ”) this last, as also عَلَى السِّلْعَةِ, ↓ اِسْتَمْتُهُ, means ↓ سَأَلْتُهُ سَوْمَهَا [i. e. I asked him the price at which the commodity was to be sold ]: (M, K, TA:) and سَامَنِيهَا, (M,) or ↓ سَاوَمَنِيهَا, (TA, [but the former is app. the right,]) means ↓ ذَكَرَ لِى سَوْمَهَا [i. e. he mentioned to me the price at which it was to be sold ]: (M, TA:) you say also, عَلَيْهِ ↓ اِسْتَمْتُ بِسِلْعَتِى when you mention the price of the commodity [i. e. it means I mentioned to him the price at which I would sell my commodity ]: and you say, مِنِّى سِلْعَتِى ↓ اِسْتَامَ when he is the person who offers to thee the price [i. e. it means he offered to me a price for my commodity; or he sought to obtain from me the sale of my commodity by offering a price for it ]: (TA:) and عَلَىَّ ↓ اِسْتَامَ he contended [ by bidding ] against me in a sale: (S, * PS:) or عَلَىَّ السِّلْعَةَ ↓ اِسْتَامَ, which means استام عَلَى سَوْمِى [i. e. he sought to obtain the sale of the commodity in opposition to me, or to my seeking it ]. (Msb. [See also 3.]) Hence, [Mo- hammad is related to have said,] لَا يَسُومُ الرَّجُلُ عَلَى سَوْمِ أَخِيهِ, (Mgh,) or لايسوم أَحَدُكُمْ على سوم اخيه, (Msb,) i. e. [ The man, or any one of you, ] shall not purchase [ in opposition to his brother ]: (Mgh, Msb:) and it may mean shall not sell; the case being that of a man's offering to the purchaser his commodity for a certain price, and another's then saying, “ I have the like thereof for less than this price: ” so that the prohibition relates in common to the seller and the buyer: (M:) and the saying is also related otherwise, i. e. ↓ لَايَسْتَامُ, meaning shall not purchase. (Mgh.) And it is said in a trad., نَهَى عَنِ السَّوْمِ قَبْلَ طُلُوعِ الشَّمْسِ, meaning, accord. to Aboo-Is-hák, أَنْ بِسِلْعَتِهِ ↓ يُسَاوِمَ [i. e. He (Mohammad) forbade the offering a commodity for sale before the rising of the sun ]; because that is a time in which God is to be praised, and one should not be diverted by other occupation: or, he says, it may mean the pasturing of camels; because, before sunrise, when the pasturage is moist with dew, it occasions a fatal disease. (TA.) You say also, سُمْتُكَ حَسَنَةً ↓ بَعِيرَكَ سِيمَةً [ I have mentioned to thee a good price for thy camel ]. (S.) And فِيهِ ↓ اِسْتَامَ غَالِيَةً ↓ سِيمَةً [ He demanded for it a dear price ]. (TA in art. حثر.) And سَامَهُ بِعَمَلٍ [ He made to him an [...]