سبق

1 سَبَقَهُ ذ , (S, O, Msb, K, &c.,) aor. سَبِقَ (O, Msb, K) and سَبُقَ , (O, K,) but the former is of higher authority, or more usual, (O, TA,) inf. n. سَبْقٌ, (S, Msb,) He preceded him; he was, or became, got, went, or came, before him, or ahead of him; he outwent, or outstripped, him; he had, got, or took, precedence of him; syn. تَقَدَّمَهُ; (K, TA;) in running, and in everything. (TA.) Some read, in the Kur [xxi. 27], لَا يَسْبُقُونَهُ بِالقَوْلِ, thus, with damm, meaning They say not [anything] without his having taught them: (O, TA:) or they say not anything until He has said it: originally, لَا يَسْبُِقُ قَوْلُهُمْ قَوْلَهُ [ their saying does not precede his saying ]: this reading is from the phrase سَابَقْتُهُ فَسَبَقْتُهُ, [expl. below,] aor. of the latter أَسْبُقُهُ. (Bd.) See 3. ― -b2- سَبَقَ الفَرَسُ فِى الحَلْبَةِ The horse outstripped, or came in first, among those started together for a wager, or in the race-ground. (O, K.) Hence the trad. of 'Alee, سَبَقَ رَسُولُ ا@للّٰهِ وَصَلَّى أَبُو بَكْرٍ وَثَلَّثَ عُمَرُ (assumed tropical:) [ The Apostle of God came in first in the race, and Aboo-Bekr came in next, and 'Omar came in third ]. (O, TA.) [And سَبَقَ used in like manner with the objective complement understood means He preceded, &c., as above; and hence, he was, or became, first, foremost, or beforehand; he had, or got, the priority, or precedence. And He was, or became, one of the first or foremost: see سَابِقٌ. See also قَصَبُ السَّبْقِ in art. قصب.] ― -b3- سَبَقَ النَّاسَ اـِلَى الأَمْرِ [ He preceded the other people; was, or became, before them; or had, got, or took, precedence of them; in betaking, or applying, himself to the affair ]. (S, K.) And in like manner one says, لَهُ سَبْقٌ فِى هٰذَا الأَمْرِ To him belongs priority, or precedence, in this affair; like سَابِقَةٌ; syn. قُدْمَةٌ. (A, TA.) ― -b4- [Hence,] سَبَقَ وَهْمُهُ اـِلَى شَىْءٍ فَغَلِطَ فِيهِ (assumed tropical:) [ He preconceived a thing, and therefore made a mistake, or erred, respecting it ]. (Msb, in explanation of دُخِلَ عَلَيْهِ.) [And سَبَقَ ذِهْنُهُ اـِلَى الشَّىْءِ means in like manner (assumed tropical:) He preconceived the thing: or his mind adverted hastily, before reflection, or without premeditation, to the thing; from what next follows.] ― -b5- سَبَقَ اـِلَيْهِمْ He went, or passed, hastily, or quickly, to them. (TA.) ― -b6- [And hence,] سَبَقَ اـِلَيْهِ مِنِّى قَوْلٌ (assumed tropical:) A saying proceeded hastily, before reflection, or without premeditation, to him from me; syn. فَرَطَ: (S in art. فرط:) and سَبَقَ مِنْهُ كَلَامٌ (assumed tropical:) speech proceeded hastily, &c., from him; syn. فَرَطَ: (Msb in that art.:) [but this phrase also means, more agreeably with the primary signification of the verb, (assumed tropical:) speech proceeded previously from him; (see the Kur x. 20, &c.;) and in like manner the former phrase.] See also 8. And سَبَقَهُ القَىْءُ, (S, Msb, K, all in art. ذرع,) i. e. سَبَقَهُ فِى الخُرُوجِ اـِلَى فِيهِ [meaning (assumed tropical:) The vomit came forth to his mouth before he was aware ]. (TA in that art.) [And سَبَقَ القَلَمُ (assumed tropical:) The pen anticipated, skipping over something, in transcribing.] ― -b7- One says also, سَبَقْتُ عَلَيْهٍ, meaning (tropical:) I overcame him. (TA.) And سَبَقَ عَلَى قَوْمِهِ (assumed tropical:) He overcame his people in generosity. (TA.) And سَبَقَهُ فِى الكَرَمِ (assumed tropical:) He exceeded him in generosity. (TA.)