ربع

رَبِيعٌ ذ : see رُبْعٌ, in two places. -A2- It has also a twofold application; to months and to seasons: and it has a twofold application to months; denoting Two months, (S, Msb, K,) [ next ] after صَفَرٌ; (S, K;) and they say, (Msb,) one should only say, in speaking of them, شَهْرُ رَبِيعٍ الأَوَّلُ and شَهْرُ رَبِيعٍ الاآخِرٌ; (S, Msb, K;) [but in the margin of the copy of the S which I have here followed, I find it stated that in the handwriting of the author the former is شهر ربيعِ الاول (with a single kesreh, and with no syll. sign to الاول); and in another copy of the S I find شهرُ ربيع الاولِ and شَهرُ رَبيع الاآخِر;] with the addition of شهر: but it is allowable to say also شَهْرُ رَبِيعِ الأَوَّلِ and شَهْرُ رَبِيعِ الاآخِرِ: the word شهر is necessarily added in order to discriminate between the months thus called and the season called ربيع: Az says, the Arabs mention all the months without the word شهر except the two months of ربيع and the month of رَمَضَان: and they say also شَهْرَا رَبِيعٍ and أَشْهُرُ رَبِيعٍ and شُهُورُ رَبِيعٍ: (Msb:) these months were thus called because, when they received this name, they occurred in the season when the earth produced herbage. (Msb in art. جمد.) It has a twofold application also to seasons; الرَّبِيعُ الأَوَّلُ being The season in which the truffles and the blossoms come, (S, Msb, K,) and this is [also called] رَبِيعُ الكَلَأِ [ the rabeea of the herbage, properly called the spring of Arabia ]; (S;) and الرَّبِيعُ الثَّانِى The season in which fruits ripen; (S, Msb, K;) [also called رَبِيعُ الثِّمَارِ;] but some people call this الرَّبِيعُ الأَوَّلُ; (S, TA;) and the season which follows the winter, and in which the truffles and the blossoms come, they call الرَّبِيعُ الثَّانِى; but all of them agree that the خَرِيف [or autumn ] is called الرَّبِيعُ: AHn says, the two divisions of the winter [by which he means the half-year commencing at the autumnal equinox ] are called رَبِيعَانِ; the former being رَبِيعُ المَاآءِ وَالأَمْطَار ِ [ the rabeea of the water and the rains, in which the rain called الوَسْمِىّ, which is termed the first of the rains, commences]; and the second being رَبِيعُ النَّبَاتِ [or رَبِيعُ الكَلَأِ the rabeea of the herbage ], because the herbage therein attains to its last stage: and he adds, that رَبِيعٌ is applied by the Arabs to the whole winter, [meaning, again, the half-year commencing at the autumnal equinox, ] because of the moisture, or rain: (TA:) or the year consists of six seasons; (so in the K; but in the S, “ and I heard Abu-l-Ghowth say, the Arabs make the year to be six seasons; ”) two months thereof are called الرَّبِيعُ الأَوَّلُ; and two months, صَيْفٌ; and two months, قَيْظٌ; (S, K;) and two months, ربيع الثانى, (so in a copy of the S,) or رَبِيعٌ الثّانى, (so in another copy of the S, [but in the margin of this latter, I find it stated that in the handwriting of the author it is ربيعُ الثانى, without tenween,]) or الرَّبِيعُ الثَّانِى; (K;) and two months, خَرِيفٌ; and two months, شِتَاآءٌ. (S, K.) Az relates, with respect to the seasons and divisions of the year, on the authority of Aboo-Yahyà Ibn-Kibáseh, who possessed very great knowledge thereof, that the year consists of four seasons; namely, الرَّبِيعُ الأَوَّلُ, which the vulgar call الخَرِيفُ [ The autumn ]; then الشِّتَاآءُ [ the winter ]; then الصَّيْفُ, which is الرَّبِيعُ الاآخِرُ [or الثَّانِى, i. e. the spring ]; then القَيْظُ [ the summer, or hot season ]: all this is what the Arabs in the desert say: the ربيع which is with the Persians the خريف, he says, commences on the third of أَيْلُول [ September O. S. ]; and the شِتَاآء, on the third of كَانُون الأَوَّل [December O. S.]; and the صيف which is with the Persians the ربيع. on the fifth of اآذَار [ March O. S. ]; and the قيظ which is with the Persians the صيف, on the fourth of حَزِيرَان [June O. S.]: and Aboo-Yahyà adds, the ربيع of the people of El-' Irák agrees with the ربيع of the Persians, which is after the شتاء [or winter ], and which is the season of the flowers, or roses, and is the most temperate of the seasons : the people of El-' Irák, he says, have rain in all the winter, and have abundance of herbage in the خريف, which the Arabs call الربيع الاوّل: and Az says, the quarter of the خريف is called خريف because the fruits are gathered therein; and the Arabs call it ربيع because the first rain [which is called الوَسْمِىّ] falls therein. (TA.) The pl. of ربيع is أَرْبِعَةٌ [a pl. of pauc.] and أَرْبِعَاآءُ [a pl. of mult.] (S, Msb, K) and رِبَاعٌ; (AHn, K;) or the first of these is pl. of ربيع الكلأ (Fr, Yaakoob, S, Msb, K) and of the ربيع of the months; (Fr, Msb;) but the second is pl. of ربيع in the sense of جَدْوَلٌ, to be explained below. (Fr, Yaakoob, S, Msb, K.) Hence the phrase in a supplication, mentioned in a trad., اَللّٰهُمَّ ا@جْعَلِ القُرْاآنَ رَبِيعَ قَلْبِى [ O God, make Thou the Kur-án to be the life, or ease, of my heart ]; because the heart of man becomes lively, or at ease, in the season called رَبِيع. (TA.) Hence also, (TA,) أَبُو الرَّبِيعِ The هُدْهُد [or hoopoe ]; (K;) because it appears with the [season called] ربيع. (TA.) [See also, respecting the seasons &c., the word زَمَنٌ.] ― -b2- Also The rain in the [ season called ] رَبيع [as meaning the half-year commencing at the autumnal equinox, (which includes what is really the spring of Arabia, called “ the rabeea of the herbage, ”) accord. to a statement of AHn cited above, and accord. to what is stated on the authority of AZ voce نَوْءٌ]: (S, K:) or [only, accord. to some,] the rain which is after the وَسْمِىّ, and after which is [ that called ] the صَيْف, and then the حَمِيم: or, accord. to AHn, rain whenever it comes : Az says, I have heard the Arabs call thus the first rain falling upon the earth in the days of the خَرِيف [or autumn ]: (TA:) the pl. [of pauc.] is أَرْبِعَةٌ and [of mult.] رِبَاعٌ. (AHn, TA.) [See also, respecting the rains, the word زَمَنٌ.] ― -b3- Also Herbage; green herbage [...]