كذب

1 كَذَبَ ذ , aor. كَذِبَ , inf. n. كَذِبٌ (a strange form of inf. n.; there being, accord. to Kz., only fourteen instances of it; as لَعِبٌ, and ضَحِكٌ, &c.; though there are many substantives of this measure; MF) and كِذْبٌ (S, K: accord. to Ibn-Es-Seed and others, this latter is formed from the former, by putting the second vowel of the former in the place of the first: MF) and كَذِبَةٌ (L) or كَذْبَةٌ (K) and كِذْبَهٌ (L, K) and كِذَابٌ and كِذَّابٌ (K: but this last, which is also assigned to كَذَبَ in the L, is, accord. to the S, which refers, for proof, to the Kur, ch. lxxviii. 28, one of the inf. ns. of كذّب: and Ks says, that the people of El-Yemen make the inf. n. of فعّل of the measure فِعَّالٌ, while the other Arabs make it تَفْعِيلٌ: TA) and, accord. to some, كُذْبٌ and كَذْبٌ (TA: but the latter of these two, though agreeable with analogy, is unheard: TA): see also كَذِبٌ, below: [ He lied; uttered a falsehood; said what was untrue: ] he gave an untrue account, or relation, of a thing, whether intentionally or unintentionally. (Msb) الكَذِبُ is of five kinds. ― -b2- First, The relater's changing, or altering, what he hears; and his relating; as from others, what he does not know. This is the kind that renders one criminal, and destroys manly virtue. — Second, The saying what resembles a lie, not meaning anything but the truth. Such is meant in the trad., كَذَبَ اـِبْرٰهِيمُ ثَلَاثَ كَذِبَاتٍ Abraham said three sayings resembling lies; he being veracious in the three. — Third, The saying what is untrue by mistake, or unintentionally; making a mistake; erring. This signification is frequent. — Fourth, The finding one's hopes false, or vain. — Fifth, The act of instigating, or inciting. (IAmb.) [See illustrations of these and other significations below; and see more voce صَدَقَ.] [You say] يَكْذِبُكَ مِنْ أَيْنَ جَاءَ [ He will lie to thee even as to the place whence he comes. ] (L, art. مح, and in many other places, following the similar phrase لَا يَصْدُقُكَ أَثَرَهُ, or أَثَرُهُ.) Lebeed says, اِكْذِبِ النَّفْسَ اـِذَا حَدَّثْتَهَا Lie to the soul (i. e., to thy soul, ) when thou talkest to it: i. e., say not to thy soul, Thou wilt not succeed in thine enterprise; for thy doing so will divert thee, or hinder thee, therefrom. A proverb. (Meyd, &c.) ― -b3- كُذِبَ, pass., He was told a lie; a falsehood; or an untruth. (K.) ― -b4- Aboo-Duwád says, كَذَبَ العَيْرُ وَاـِنْ كَانَ بَرَحْ The wild ass hath lied, although he hath passed from right to left: [the doing which is esteemed unlucky:] or, [agreeably with explanations of كَذَبَ given below,] hath become languid, and within [ the sportsman's ] power, or reach, &c.: or keep to the wild ass, and hunt him, &c. A proverb, applied in the case of a thing that is hoped for, though difficult of attainment. (TA.) ― -b5- كَذَبَتْ and ↓ كذّبت (tropical:) She (a camel), being covered by the stallion, raised her tail, and then returned without conceiving. (En-Nadr, K.) ― -b6- كَذَبَ is said of other things than men [and animals]: as of lightning, [meaning (assumed tropical:) It gave a false promise of rain ]: of a dream, an opinion, a hope, and a desire, [meaning, in each of these cases, (assumed tropical:) It proved false ]. (TA.) ― -b7- So also كَذَبَتِ العَيْنُ (assumed tropical:) The sense [i. e., the sight ] of the eye deceived it. (TA.) ― -b8- كَذَبَ الرَّأْىُ [(assumed tropical:) The judgment lied ]; i. e., he imagined the thing contrary to its real state. (TA.) [See also صَدَقَ ظَنِّى] ― -b9- كَذَبَتْكَ عَيْنُكَ (tropical:) Thine eye showed thee what had no reality. (TA.) ― -b10- كَذَبَ لَبَنُ النَّاقَةِ, and ↓ كذّب, (the latter mentioned in the S,) (tropical:) The milk of the camel passed away, or failed. (Lh.) ― -b11- كَذَبَ فِى سَيْرِهِ (tropical:) [ He (a camel) became slack, or slow, in his pace: see 2]. (TA.) ― -b12- كَذَبَ الحَرُّ (tropical:) The heat abated. (TA.) ― -b13- See also 2. كَذَبَ He found his hopes to be false, or vain. (IAmb.) اُنْظُرْ كَيْفَ كَذَبُوا عَلَى أَنْفُسِهِمْ, [Kur vi. 24, lit., See how they lied against themselves, ] is said to signify see how their hope hath proved false, or vain. (TA.) ― -b14- ظَنُّوا أَنَّهُمْ قَدْ كُذِبُوا, [Kur xii. 110,] They (the apostles) thought that they had been disappointed of the fulfilment of the promise made to them. So accord. to one reading. Accord. to another reading, the verb is ↓ كُذِّبُوا: [in which case, the meaning of the words appears to be, “ They knew that they had been pronounced liars ” by the people to whom they were sent]. (TA.) There are also two other readings; ↓ كَذَّبُوا and كَذَبُوا: accord. to the former, the verb refers to the people to whom the apostles were sent; and ظنّوا means “ they knew: ” accord. to the latter, the words mean, “ They (the people above mentioned) thought that they (the apostles) had broken their promise. ” (Jel.) ― -b15- مَا كَذَبَ الفُؤَادُ مَا رَأَى [ The mind did not belie what he saw. ] (Kur liii. 11.) ― -b16- كَذَبَتْهُ نَفْسُهُ [ His soul lied to him: ] his soul made him to desire things, and to conceive hopes, that could scarcely come to pass. (K.) Hence the soul is called الكَذُوبُ. You say in the contr. case, صَذَقَتْهُ نفسه, and الكَذُوبُ. (TA.) See كَذُوبٌ, and art. صدق. ― -b17- Hence, كَذَبَ عَلَيْهِ signifies It rendered him active, or brisk; animated him; instigated him; incited him; (K;) as also كَذَبَهُ. (Z.) ― -b18- Hence, كَذَبَ and كَذَبَكَ and كَذَبَ عَلَيْكَ have sometimes the same signification, though not always the same government, as عَلَيْكَ, or اِلْزَمْ; Keep to; or take to. The noun following is put in the nom. case accord. to the dial. of El-Yemen; and in the acc. accord. to the dial. of Mudar; or, as some say, is correctly put in the nom. only. (TA.) You say, كَذَبَ عَلَيْكَ كَذَا وَكَذَا, meaning Keep to, or take to, such and such things. It is an extr. phrase. (ISk.) You also say, كَذَبْتُ عَلَيْكَ, meaning Keep thou to me: and كذبتُ عَلَيْكُمْ Keep ye to me. IAar. cites the following verse [...]