جعل

1 جَعَلَ جعل , aor. جَعَلَ , inf. n. جَعْلٌ (S, Msb, K) and جُعْلٌ and جَعَالَةٌ and جِعَالَةٌ (K) and مَجْعَلٌ, (S, TA,) He made a thing; syn. صَنَعَ; (Msb, K;) but having a more general signification than فَعَلَ and صَنَعَ and their equivalents [as will be shown by what follows]; (Er-Rághib, TA;) and so ↓ اجتعل: (K:) both these verbs signify the same. (S.) ― -b2- He made a thing of, or from, a thing; as in the saying [in the Kur xvi. 74 and xlii. 9], جَعَلَ لَكُمْ مِنْ أَنْفُسِكُمْ أَزْوَاجًا [ He hath made for you, of, or from, yourselves, wives ]; and [in the Kur xvi. 83] وَجَعَلَ لَكُمْ مِنَ الجِبَالِ أَكْنَانًا [ And He hath made for you, of the mountains, places of retreat; as caves, and excavated houses or chambers: so explained by Bd]. (TA.) ― -b3- He created; (K, TA;) brought into being, or existence; (TA;) as in the saying [in the Kur vi. 1], وَJَعَلَ الظُّلُمَاتِ وَالنُّورِ [ And hath created, or brought into being, the darknesses and the light ]; (K, TA;) and [in the Kur xxi. 31] وَجَعَلْنَا مِنَ المَاآءِ كُلَّ شَىْءٍ حَىٍّ [ And We have created of water, or the seminal fluid, everything living ]; and [in the Kur xvi. 80, &c.,] وَجَعَلَ لَكُمُ السَّمْعَ وَ الأَبْصَارَ وَالأَفْئِدَةَ [ And He created for you the ears and the eyes and the hearts ]. (TA.) ― -b4- He made, or prepared; as in the saying [in the Kur lxv. 2], يَجْعَلُ لَهُ مَخْرَجًا [ He will make, or prepare, for him a way of escape, or safety ]; and [in the Kur lxv. 4] يَجْعَلُ لَهُ مِنْ أَمْرِهِ يُسْرًا [ He will make, or prepare, for him an easy state of his circumstances; i. e., will make his circumstances, or case, easy to him ]. (TA.) ― -b5- He made; meaning he made to be, or become; he constituted; he appointed; [in which sense it is doubly trans.;] (S, K;) as in the saying in the Kur [xix. 31], وَجَعَلْنِى نَبِيًّا [ And He hath made me a prophet ]; (S;) [and in the elliptical phrase, جَعَلَهُ عَلَيْهِ He made him to be superintendant, or the like, over it; set him, or appointed him, over it: ] and in the phrase, جَعَلَ القَبِيحَ حَسَنًا [ He made that which was bad to be, or become, good ]. (K.) ― -b6- He made a thing to be in a particular state or condition; as in the saying [in the Kur ii. 20], الَّذِ جَعَلَ لَكُمُ الأَرْضَ فِرَاشًا [ Who hath made for you the earth to be as a bed ]; and [in the Kur lxxi. 15] وَجَعَلَ القَمَرَ فِيهِنَّ نُورًا [ And hath made the moon, in them (the heavens), to be as a light ]; and so, as some say, in the saying [in the Kur xliii. 2], اـِنَّا جَعَلْنَاهُ قُرْاآنًا عَرَبِيًّا [ Verily we have made it an Arabic Kur-án ]. (TA.) ― -b7- [ He made a thing to be in an altered, or changed, state or condition; i. e.,] the verb signifies also the changing a thing from its state or condition; as in the saying [in the Kur xi. 84 and xv. 74], جَعَلْنَا عَالِيَهَا سَافِلَهَا [ We made their upper part to be their lower part ]; (K;) and in the words of the Kur [lvi. 81], وَتَجْعَلُونَ رِزْقَكُمْ أَنَّكُمْ تُكَذِّبُونَ [ And do ye make the thanks that ye should render for your sustenance to be that ye charge with falsehood the Giver thereof by attributing it to the stars called أَنْوَاآء as expl. by Bd and Jel]. (TA.) ― -b8- He pronounced (Er-Rághib, K) a thing by a true judgment or decision, (Er-Rághib,) or as a legal ordinance; (K;) as in the saying (of the Legislator, TA), جَعَلَ ا@للّٰهُ الصَّلَوَاتِ المَفْرُوضَاتِ خَمْسًا [ God hath pronounced the prayers that are made obligatory to be five ] (K.) And He pronounce (Er-Rághib, K *) a thing by a false judgment or decision, (Er-Rághib,) or according to his own judgment, heretically; (K;) as in the saying [in the Kur xv. 91], الَّذِينَ جَعَلُوا القُرْاآنَ عِضِينَ [ Who pronounced the Kur-án to be lies, or enchantment, &c.]. (Er-Rághib, K.) ― -b9- He called, or named, (S, Msb, K,) a thing; (Msb;) as in the saying [in the Kur xliii. 18], وَجَعَلُوا المَلَائِكَةَ الَّذِينَ هُمْ عِبَادُ الرَّحْمٰنِ اـِنَاثًا [ And they have called the angels, who are the servants of the Compassionate, females ]: (S, K:) or, as some say, the meaning is, have described them as, and pronounced them to be, females; like as one says, جَعَلَ فُلَانٌ زَيْدًا أَعْلَمَ النَّاسِ [ Such a one described Zeyd as, and pronounced him to be, the most learned of men ]: or have held, or believed, them to be females; like as the verb signifies in the saying in the Kur [xvi. 59], وَيَجْعَلُونَ لِلّٰهِ البَنَاتِ [ And they hold, or believe, God to have daughters: or this may be rendered and they attribute to God daughters ]. (TA.) You say also, جَعَلْتُ زَيْدًا أَخَاكَ, meaning I asserted Zeyd to be related to thee [ as a brother; or I called Zeyd thy brother ]. (K.) ― -b10- He thought; as in the saying, جَعَلَ البَصْرَةَ بَغْدَادَ [ He thought El-Basrah to be Baghdád ]; (K;) and so in the saying, جَعَلْتُهُ عَبْدًا فَشَتَمْتُهُ [ I thought him to be a slave, and consequently I reviled him ]. (Ham p. 31.) ― -b11- He made known, or plain, or perspicuous; as in the saying [in the Kur xliii. 2, of which one explanation has been given above], اـِنَّا جَعَلْنَاهُ قُرْاآنًا عَرَبِيًّا [ Verily we have made it known, &c., as an Arabic Kur-án ]: (K:) or the meaning is, we have revealed it [ as such ]. (TA.) ― -b12- He exalted, or ennobled; as in the saying [in the Kur ii. 137], جَعَلْنَاكُمْ أُمَّةً وَسَطًا [ We have exalted you, or ennobled you, as a nation conforming to the just mean; or just, or equitable, or good ]: (K:) [or it may be rendered, we have made you a nation &c.:] or, as some say, the meaning is, we have called you, or named you, a nation &c. (TA.) ― -b13- Also, inf. n. جَعْلٌ, He put, or laid, a thing; or put it, or laid it, down. (K.) And جَعَلَ بَعْضَهُ فُوْقَ بَعْضٍ He put, or threw, one part of it upon another. (K.) ― -b14- He inserted a thing into a thing; as in the Kur [ii. 18], يَجْعَلُونَ أَصَابِعَهُمْ فِى اآذَانِهِمْ [ They insert, or put, their fingers into their ears ]. (TA.) ― -b15- He put into the heart, or mind; as in the Kur [lvii. 27], وَجَلْنَا فِى [...]