غير

غَيْرٌ ذ signifies i. q. سِوًى [ Other ]: and the pl. is أَغْيَارٌ: (S:) [but غَيْر itself often has a pl. meaning, as will be seen in what follows:] or [accord. to general usage, as will be seen below,] غَيْرُ signifies i. q. سِوَى [ other than; exclusively of; or not, as used before a substantive or an adjective]. (Msb, K: in the CK [erroneously] سِوًى.) It is used to qualify a subst.; [governing (as a prefixed noun) the noun that follows it in the gen. case;] and when so used, it is put in the same case as the noun preceding it. (S.) It qualifies an indeterminate noun: (Mughnee, Msb:) you say جَاآءَنِى رَجُلٌ غَيْرُكَ [ A man, other than, or not, thou, came to me ]: (Msb:) and نَعْمَلْ صَالِحًا غَيْرَ ا@لَّذِى كُنَّا نَعْمَلُ [ We will in that case do good, other than, or not, what we used to do: (Kur xxxv. 34:)]: (Mughnee:) and مِنْ مَاآءٍ غَيْرِ اآسِنٍ [ Of water other than, or not, altered in taste and colour ]. (Kur xlvii. 16.) It is a noun necessarily prefixed, as to the sense, to a noun which it governs in the gen. case: but sometimes it is without the latter, when the meaning is understood and it is preceded by لَيْسَ, (Mughnee, K,) or by لَا: (K:) [in which case it signifies Any other person or thing; any person or thing beside, or else: ] you say قَبَضْتُ عَشَرَةً لَيْسَ غَيْرُهَا [ I received ten; not other than they was received by me; i. e., not any other thing; or not anything beside, or else ]; (Mughnee, K;) the enunciative, مَقْبُوضًا, being suppressed: (Mughnee:) and ليس غَيْرَهَا, (Mughnee, K;) the noun [of ليس] being understood; i. e., لَيْسَ المَقْبُوضُ غَيْرَهَا: (Mughnee:) and ليس غَيْرَ; in which the affixed noun [for المضاف, in the K, I read المضاف اليه, as in the Mughnee,] is suppressed, and the noun [of ليس] is also understood: (Mughnee, K:) and ليس غَيْرُ; (Mughnee, K;) in which, accord. to Mbr, and the later authors, غير is indecl., being likened to قَبْلُ and بَعْدُ, so that it may be either the noun or the enunciative [of ليس] or, accord. to Akh, it is decl., because it is not a noun of time like قَبْلُ and بَعْدُ, nor of place like فَوْقُ and تَحْتُ, but like كُلٌّ and بَعْضٌ, so that it is the noun [of ليس], and the enunciative is suppressed; (Mughnee;) or it may be either indecl. or decl., (Mughnee, K,) accord. to Ibn-Kharoof: (Mughnee:) and ليس غَيْرًا, and ليس غَيْرٌ; (Mughnee, K;) in both which cases it is decl., as though the affixed noun were mentioned: (Mughnee:) and لَا غَيْرُ; for the saying, [which we find in the Mughnee,] app. taken from a statement of Seer, that this is incorrect, is not good, since it occurs in the following verse, cited by Ibn-Málik; جَوَابًا بِهِ تَنْجُو ا@عْتَمِدْ فَوَرَبِّنَا لَعَنْ عَمَلٍ أَسْلَفْتَ لَا غَيْرُ تُسْأَلُ [ Aim thou at having an answer by which thou mayest be safe; for, by our Lord, respecting an action which thou shalt have done before, not any other thing, or not anything beside or else, thou wilt be asked ]. (K.) ― -b2- It does not become determinate by its being prefixed to another noun, because it is very vague: but it is also applied as an epithet to a determinate noun which is near to being indeterminate; as in صِرَاطَ ا@لَّذِينَ أَنْعَمْتَ عَلَيْهِمْ غَيْرِ ا@لْمَغْضُوبِ عَلَيْهِمْ [ The way of those upon whom Thou hast conferred favour; the other than, or those who are not, the objects of anger; (Kur i. 6 and 7;)] because the noun rendered determinate by the art. ال denoting a genus is near to being indeterminate, and because when غير occurs between two contraries its vagueness becomes weakened, (Mughnee, K, *) or altogether departs: (K:) or it is here applied as an epithet to a determinate noun because it resembles a determinate noun in its being prefixed to such a noun: (Msb:) Az says that غير is here in the gen. case because it is an epithet to الذين; and that it may be an epithet to [what is technically termed in this instance] a determinate noun [as having the article ال prefixed to it] because الذين has not [in itself] a direct meaning (لِأَنَّ الَّذِينَ غَيْرُ مَصْمُودٍ صَمْدُهُ), [it being merely a conjunct noun, the meaning of which is determined by what follows it,] notwithstanding it has the art. ال prefixed to it: Abu-l-'Abbás says that Fr holds الذين to have the office of an indeterminate noun; and غير to be an epithet of it; not of any other noun; but that غير, accord. to some, may be an epithet relating to the nouns implied in انعمت عليهم, these not having a direct meaning: Akh says that غير [with what follows] is a substitute [for الذين with what follows], as though the meaning were صِرَاطَ غَيْرِ المَغْضُوبِ عَلَيْهِمْ [ the way of those who are not the objects of anger ]. (TA.) The reading غَيْرَ is also related, on the authority of Ibn-Ketheer, in the accus. case, as a denotative of state, [meaning they being not the objects of anger, ] relating to the pronoun governed in the gen. case by the prep. [in عليهم]; or by أَعْنِى [ I mean ] understood; or as an exceptive, [accord. to a usage to be explained below,] if the favours be interpreted as conferred in common upon the two classes of persons. (Bd.) ― -b3- As it resembles a determinate noun in its being prefixed to a determinate noun, [as المغضوب in the above-cited passage of the Kur,] some have presumed to prefix to it the article ال: but against this it may be urged, that its prefixion to a determinate noun is not to render the expression determinate, but for specification; and ال does not imply specification. (Msb.) ― -b4- In the following verse of Hassán, أَتَانَا فَلَمْ نَعْدِلْ سِوَاهُ بِغَيْرِهِ نَبِىٌّ بَدَا فِى ظُلْمَةِ اللَّيْلِ هَادِيَا the meaning is, [ A prophet came to us, who appeared in the darkness of night, a director in the right way, ] and we did not weigh another than him with another than the other, i. e., with him. (Mughnee.) ― -b5- [وَغَيْرُ ذٰلِكَ is a phrase of frequent occurrence, meaning Et cœtera. ] ― -b6- غَيْرُ is also used in the sense of لَيْسَ [He, or it, is not ]; as in the phrase كَلَامُ [...]