دين

دَيْنٌ دان دين [is an inf. n. of 1: ― -b2- and is also a simple subst., and] properly signifies [ A debt; such as] the price of a thing sold [ which the purchaser is under an obligation to pay ]; and a dowry [ which one engages to pay ]: and a loan, or the like; syn. قَرْض: (Msb:) or it is [ a debt ] such as has an appointed time of falling due: what has not such an appointed time is [properly, but not always,] termed قَرْضٌ: (K:) and ↓ دِينَةٌ signifies the same as دَيْنٌ (T, M, K) in the sense above explained: (K:) a valid دَينْ (دَينٌ صَحِيحٌ) is such as does not become annulled save by payment, or by one's being declared clear, or quit: compensation in the case of a contract which a slave makes with his owner to pay him a certain sum as the price of himself and on the payment thereof to be free is not a valid دَيْن, because it may become annulled without payment, and without his being declared clear, or quit; that is, by the slave's being unable to pay it: (KT:) in the language of the law, but not in the proper language, دَيْنٌ is also applied to (assumed tropical:) [ a debt incurred by ] a thing taken unjustly, injuriously, or by violence; as being likened to a دَيْن properly so called: (Msb:) and it signifies also anything that is not present: [app. meaning anything to be paid, or done, at a future time: ] (M, K:) the pl. [of pauc.] is أَدْيُنٌ (Lh, M, K) and [of mult.] دُيُونٌ (S, M, K) [and in the CK is added and دِينَةٌ, with kesr; but this is a mistranscription for دِنْتُهُ, as syn. with أَدَنْتُهُ, which follows it, connected therewith by وَ]: the pl. of ↓ دِينَةٌ is دِيَنٌ. (TA.) You say, مَا أَكْثرَ دَيْنَهُ and ↓ دِينَتَهُ [ How great in amount. is his debt! ]; both meaning the same. (AZ, T.) And ↓ جِئْتُ لِطَلَبِ الدِّينَةِ i. e. الدَّيْنِ [ I came for the demanding of the debt ]. (AZ, T.) And عَلَيْهِ دَيْنٌ [ On him lies a debt; i. e. he owes a debt ]: and لَهُ دَيْنٌ [ To him is due a debt; i. e. he has a debt owed to him ]. (S, TA.) And اِشْتَرَى بِالدَّيْنِ [ He bought upon credit ]: (K:) and أَخَذَ الدَّيْنَ (IKt, M, Msb, K) or [rather] أَخَذَ دَيْنًا [signifies the same; or he took, or received, upon credit: or he took, or received, a loan, or the like; he borrowed ]: (T, K:) and أَخَذَ بِدَيْنٍ [likewise signifies the same; or he took, or received, by incurring a debt ]. (M.) And بَاعَ بِالدَّيْنِ [ He sold upon credit ]: (K:) and بِعْثُهُ بِدَيْنٍ (TA) or ↓ بِدِينَةٍ (S) [ I sold to him upon credit ]: and أَعْطَيْتُهُ الدَّيْنَ [signifies the same; or I gave him, or granted him, credit: or I gave him, or granted him, the loan, or the like ]. (M, K, TA.) ― -b3- [Hence,] (tropical:) Death; (K, TA;) because it is a دَيْن [or debt] which every one must pay when [the angel who is] the demander of its payment comes. (TA.) And hence the prov., رَمَاهُ ا@للّٰهُ بِدَيْنِهِ (tropical:) [ May God smite him with his death ]. (TA.) ― -b4- Thaalebeh Ibn-'Obeyd says, describing palm-trees, تَضَمَّنُ الحَاجَاتِ العِيَالِ وَ ضَيْفِهِمْ وَمَهْمَا تَضَمَّنْ مِنْ دُيُونِهِمْ تَقْضِ [ They comprise the wants of the household and of their guest; and whatever they comprise of their debts, they pay ]; by the دُيُون meaning what is obtained of their fruit that is gathered. (M, TA.)